Lesson 37 The Olympic Games奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì) When was the last time this country hosted the Olympic Games? The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years' time. As a great many people will be visiting the country, the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a new Olympic-standard swimming pool. They will also be building new roads and a special railway line. The Games will be held just outside the capital and the whole area will be called 'Olympic City'. Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year. By the end of next year, they will have finished work on the new stadium. The fantastic modern buildings have been designed by Kurt Gunter. Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up. We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this country. 參照譯文4年后來(lái)，奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將在我們國(guó)家舉辦。由于將有大批的人到我們國(guó)家來(lái)，因此政府準(zhǔn)備建造某些新的飯店、一種大型體育場(chǎng)和一種新的奧運(yùn)會(huì)原則游泳池。她們還將修筑某些新的道路和一條鐵路專線。奧運(yùn)會(huì)就在首都市郊舉辦，整個(gè)地區(qū)將被稱作“奧林匹克城”。工人們將在今年年終前把新路鋪好；到來(lái)年年終，她們將把新體育場(chǎng)建成。這些巨大的現(xiàn)代化建筑是由庫(kù)爾特.岡特設(shè)計(jì)的。人們都將急切地注視著新建筑的建成。我們都非常激動(dòng)，盼望著奧運(yùn)會(huì)的到來(lái)，由于在這個(gè)國(guó)家里還從未舉辦過(guò)奧運(yùn)會(huì)?！綨ew words and expressions】（9）1 Olympic'limpik a.奧林匹克的2 holdhuld v.召開(kāi)3 government'gvnmnt n.政府4 immensei'mens a.巨大的5stadium'steidim n.露天體育場(chǎng)6 standard'stændd n.原則7 capital 'kæpitl n.首都8 fantasticfæn'tæstik a.巨大的9 design di'zain v.設(shè)計(jì)一單詞解說(shuō)Olympic adj奧林匹克競(jìng)賽的the Olympic fire奧林匹克圣火the Olympic Games/the Olympics奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)hold-held-held1) conduct舉辦，進(jìn)行例: The Olympic Games will be held in Beijing in .奧運(yùn)會(huì)將在在北京召開(kāi)A meeting was held here yesterday 昨天一種會(huì)議被召開(kāi)了。2)observe，celebrate慶祝，過(guò)（節(jié)日，生日，周年）例: Do you hold Christmas in your country?你們國(guó)家慶祝圣誕節(jié)嗎？3)take and keep/grab/seize/catch抓住，握住hold my hand抓住我的手take hold of.catch hold of.get hold of. 抓住.例: l threw the rope and he caught hold of it.我扔出了繩了，她抓住了它。4) contain容納have enough space for sb/sth例: My brain cannot hold so much information at one time我的大腦一下子不能容納這樣多信息。The auditorium can hold l, 000 people這個(gè)禮堂可以容納1000人5)堅(jiān)持例：Hold on! 堅(jiān)持??！Stick to it! 堅(jiān)持??！Never say die！ 永不言?。ever give up! 永不放棄！Never lose heart! 永不要灰心喪氣！Hold the line, please 請(qǐng)稍等，不要掛斷電話。Hold it! 別掛斷！Hold on a minute，please !請(qǐng)稍等（不要掛斷電話）。government n政府govern v治理（國(guó)家，國(guó)民），統(tǒng)治，管理，克制例: The mayor governed the city very wisely.這個(gè)市長(zhǎng)較好的治理這個(gè)都市。govern the people 統(tǒng)治人民govern a school 管理一所學(xué)校govern one' s temper 克制某人的脾氣government n 政治，政府government of the people, by the people and for the people民有， 民治，民享的政治the local government 地方政府：governor n州長(zhǎng)（美）：總督，總裁，管理者（-英）Run for Governor-by Mark Twain競(jìng)選州長(zhǎng)the board of governors 董理事會(huì)the governor of the prison 監(jiān)獄長(zhǎng)stadium n露大體育場(chǎng)a baseball stadium 棒球館a swimming stadium 游泳館an indoor stadium 室內(nèi)游泳館the Olympic stadium 奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)gymnasium健身房，室內(nèi)體育館gymgymnasia(pl)capital1) n首都，省會(huì)例: London, Paris and Rome are capital cities.倫敦、巴黎以及羅馬都是首都都市。Paris is the capital of France 巴黎是法國(guó)的首都。2) n大寫(xiě)字母capital letterwrite in capitals用大寫(xiě)字母來(lái)書(shū)寫(xiě)例: Begin your sentence with a capital.用大寫(xiě)字母開(kāi)始句首。3) n資本，資金capitalism 資本主義capitalist 資本家set up a business with a capital starting of lOO, OOO.以十萬(wàn)英鎊的起始資金開(kāi)辦公司。fixed capital固定資本circulating capital流動(dòng)資本capital and interest資本及利息4) adj.致命的，可處死刑的capital punishment 死刑a capital blunder 大錯(cuò)誤standard1)adj.原則的，一般的standard English 原則的英語(yǔ)a car of the standard size原則大小的汽車2) adj極佳的，一流的a standard composer一流的作曲家 3)n原則，水準(zhǔn)，模范，規(guī)范living standard生活水準(zhǔn)the standard of living生活水準(zhǔn)moral standard 道德原則criterion n原則，尺度criteria pl.例: His work was below the required standard.她的工作低于規(guī)定的原則。standard time原則時(shí)間（以格林尼治原則時(shí)間為基準(zhǔn)，在某個(gè)地區(qū)或國(guó)家采用的時(shí)間）fantastic /immense adj巨大的big大的反義詞small小的large（寬度，數(shù)量上）大的huge巨大的，極大地very large in size or amount , enormousvast: very large in area, size, quantity or degree （面積，體積，數(shù)量，限度）巨大的immense：extremely large 巨大的，非常大的fantastic （口）巨大的enormous: very large， immense 巨大的， 極大的tremendous: very great 巨大的，極大的giant n巨人 巨物 adj.巨大的gigantic adj. 巨大的of very great size or extent, immensetitanic 巨大的fantastic1)adj巨大的2)adj. （口）極好的，美妙的，很棒的例： The night view of the bay is even more fantastic.海灣的夜景甚至更美。designl)v設(shè)計(jì)，擬訂例: She designs dresses for the singer.她為那個(gè)歌星設(shè)計(jì)的衣服。He designed a plot for his new novel.她為新的故事設(shè)計(jì)情節(jié)。design a perfect crime 籌劃一種天衣無(wú)縫的犯罪The house is designed for a large family.這個(gè)房子是為人口多的家庭設(shè)計(jì)的。designer n. 設(shè)計(jì)師2)V圖樣，設(shè)計(jì)（圖）a design for a dress -條裙子的圖樣a school of dress design 服裝設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)校draft a design for a building 畫(huà)建筑的設(shè)計(jì)圖dra:ft例: The machine is of very poor design.這個(gè)機(jī)器設(shè)計(jì)極其的糟糕。二、核心句型Key structures將來(lái)完畢時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will + do目前完畢時(shí)：have/has 過(guò)去分詞將來(lái)完畢時(shí)：will(shall)have +v- ed農(nóng)將來(lái)某時(shí)會(huì)完畢的事情并往往對(duì)將來(lái)某時(shí)間產(chǎn)生影響，常常與表將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。區(qū)別：一般將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。區(qū)別：一般將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)將要發(fā)生的事。例: I shall have finished this book before lunch.在午飯之前我將要看完這本書(shū)。They'll have hit the year' s target by the end of October.到十月底為止，她們已經(jīng)完畢這本書(shū)了。When we get there they' ll probably have left.她們也許已經(jīng)走了。By this time next year we' ll have turned all the land into rice fields.到來(lái)年這個(gè)時(shí)候?yàn)橹?，我們已?jīng)把稻田變成了田地。He will have moved to a new flat in two months' time.兩個(gè)月之后，她將已經(jīng)搬進(jìn)新的公寓了。三、課文解說(shuō)TextThe Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years' time.game n cform of play or sport with rulesa game of cards紙牌游戲例: Playing house is one of the favorite games of children.玩過(guò)家家是孩子們最喜歡的游戲。games運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì) (pl.)the Games （國(guó)際）體育比賽international athletic contests 國(guó)際性比賽the Olympic Games 奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)play a cat-and-mouse game with sb 欲擒故縱the luck of the game 手氣in 4 years' time= in four years 四年之后此句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，積極語(yǔ)態(tài)是We will hold the Olympic Games in our country in four years' time四年之后，將在國(guó)內(nèi)召開(kāi)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。As a great many people will be visiting the country, the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a new Olympic-standard swimming pool.a great many +pl 許多a good many十pl.a large number of+ pl.many a + single n. （謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)）They will also be building new roads and a special railway line. The Games will be held just outside the capital and the whole area will be called Olympic City'. Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year.By the end of the Year 到今年年終為止in the end 最后at last 最后finally 最后at the end of+時(shí)間地點(diǎn)at the end of this month 這個(gè)月月底at the end of this road 這個(gè)路的盡頭by the end of 與完畢時(shí)連用By the end of next year, they will have finished work on the new stadiumThe fantastic modern buildings have been designed by Kr Kurt Gunter. Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up.go upmushroom up如雨后春筍般越來(lái)越多例: New buildings mushroom up.新的建筑物像雨后春筍一般矗立起來(lái)。We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this country.look forward to ( prep) + n. /doing/pron.渴望，盼望（常用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)）be eager to do sth 熱切的盼望做某事be eager for sth 熱切的盼望著什么long to do sth渴望做某事long for sth 渴望著什么東西例：I am looking forward to your letter.我期待著你的信。I am looking forward to seeing you again.我渴望著再次見(jiàn)到你。look1)n神情，表情good looking 好看的common looking 長(zhǎng)相一般的ordinary-looking 長(zhǎng)相一般的have a look at 看一眼2) vi.look at 看look for 尋找look after 照顧look into像里面看：調(diào)查，研究look on 旁觀look through 透過(guò)一看；迅速瀏覽look over 反反復(fù)復(fù)地看look back 回憶look back the pastlook forward 向前看，展望；渴望look out 小心例：Look out! A bus is coming 小心，公共汽車來(lái)了。look up查字典；拜訪；抬起頭，仰望例: I don' t understand this word, I shall look it up in a dictionary.我不明白這個(gè)詞，應(yīng)當(dāng)在字典里查一下。Don' t forget to look me up when you return.等你回來(lái)的時(shí)候不要忘了來(lái)看看我。He did not look up from his desk when I entered his office.當(dāng)我進(jìn)入辦公室的時(shí)候，她甚至沒(méi)有從辦公桌上抬起頭來(lái)。put take get set look have萬(wàn)能詞：Words have no meanings; people have meanings for words詞是沒(méi)有含義的，人們?yōu)榇速x了含義。四、練習(xí)Exercises1. Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year. They _.A. have already finished B. haven t finished yetC. finished long time ago D. are finishing now工人們將在今年年終將公路鋪好，她們還沒(méi)有完畢。分析： A已經(jīng)完畢了； C好久前完畢的：D正在完畢； B還沒(méi)有完畢。答案是B2. By the end of next year they will have finished the new stadium. This means they will finish it the _ end of next yearA. at B. before C. after D. long before到來(lái)年年終之前她們將建成體育館。分析：A正好往年終，時(shí)間人精確了： C往年終之后，含義不恰當(dāng)：D年終之前很長(zhǎng)段時(shí)間，也不相稱于by the end of next year答案是B3. A motorway is a_.A. street B. road C. avenue D. high street高速公路是一條道路。分析： A街道； C都市里的大街；D市鎮(zhèn)的重要街道；B路，同motorway（高速公路）的含義是最接近的4. It does not alter the fact that he was the man _ for the death of the little girl.A. accounting B. guilty C. responsible D. obliged這不能變化這個(gè)事實(shí)，對(duì)這個(gè)小女孩的死負(fù)責(zé)。分析：A解釋； account for D迫使，一般用法為“be obliged to do sth”被迫做某事；B有罪的，與本句意思符合，但guilty 般和of搭配；C對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)，含義最為恰當(dāng)，語(yǔ)法也對(duì)的。答案是C六、補(bǔ)充內(nèi)容諺語(yǔ)1. Death comes to us all. Old age comes to us all.人總要死的；人總要年老的。2Diamond cut diamond棋逢對(duì)手，勢(shì)均力敵。