Lesson 25 Do the English speak English? 英國人講的是英語嗎？ Why does the writer not understand the porter? I arrived in London at last. The railway station was big, black and dark. I did not know the way to my hotel, so I asked a porter. I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well. The porter, however, could not understand me. I repeated my question several times and at last he understood. he answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly. 'I am a foreigner,' I said. Then he spoke slowly, but I could not understand him. My teacher never spoke English like that! The porter and I looked at each other and smiled. Then he said something and I understood it. 'You'll soon learn English!' he said. I wonder. In England, each person speaks a different language. The English understand each other, but I don't understand them! Do they speak English?參照譯文我終于到了倫敦。火車站很大，又黑又暗。我不懂得去飯店的路該怎么走，于是向一種搬運(yùn)工打聽。我的英語講得不僅非常認(rèn)真，并且咬字也非常清晰。然而搬運(yùn)工卻不明白我的話。我把問話反復(fù)了諸多遍。她終于聽懂了。她回答了，但她講得既不慢也不清晰?！拔沂莻€(gè)外國人，”我說。于是她說得慢了，可我還是聽不懂。我的教師歷來不那樣講英語！我和搬運(yùn)工相視一笑。接著，她說了點(diǎn)什么，這回我聽懂了?！澳鷷痪脤W(xué)會英語的！”她說。我感到奇怪。在英國，人們各自說著一種不同的語言。英國人之間互相聽得懂，可我卻不懂她們的話！她們說的是英語嗎？ 【New words and expressions】（5）1 railway 'reilwei n.鐵路2 porter 'p:t n.搬運(yùn)工3 several 'sevrl 幾種4 foreigner'frin n.外國人5 wonder'wnd v.感到奇怪一單詞解說：railway  n. 鐵路，鐵道 U (Br.)/ railroad  (Am.)a line of railway 一條鐵路railway station 火車站railway  n. 軌道 (pl.) Ceg. The railway was opened to traffic last year. 這條鐵路是去年通車的。high level railway 高架鐵路表達(dá)“地鐵”的詞匯：subway 'sbwei (Am.)tube tju:b (Br.)underground  (Br.)metro  'metru (Paris) 地鐵rail  n. 橫桿，扶手，圍欄，軌道jump rail 出軌stair rails 樓梯扶手ride the rails 逃票乘火車sit on the rails  (Am.) 騎墻，保持中立railing  n. 欄桿iron-bar railing 鐵欄桿porter  n. 搬運(yùn)工，腳夫（在車站，機(jī)場，旅館等處的）bellboy / pageboy  (Am.) 旅館，俱樂部等一般穿制服的男服務(wù)員port  n. 港，口岸clear a port  出港close a port  封港reach a port / enter a port  入港eg. Many ships frequent the port. 許多船只常來此港。eg. Any port in a storm. 慌不擇路，窮途之策。 （諺）several1) more than three but fewer than many  某些，幾種eg. Several more people than usual came to the concert.來音樂會的人比平常多了幾種。eg. I repeated my questions several times. 我把問題反復(fù)了幾遍。2) 各自的，各個(gè)的（文）eg. Several men, several minds. 人各有志；10個(gè)人有10個(gè)樣。（諺）foreigner  n. 外國人a blue-eyed foreigner 一種藍(lán)眼睛的外國人entertain foreigners 款待外賓 entertain ,ent'tein vt. & vi.款待, 招待foreign  'frin adj. 外國的，無關(guān)的，陌生的foreign languageforeign goods 外國貨foreign students 留學(xué)生foreign affairs 外交事務(wù)foreign policy 外交政策foreign trade 外貿(mào)eg. The question is foreign to the matter in hand. 這問題與解決中的事情無關(guān)。eg. The subject is foreign to us. 我們對這個(gè)問題很陌生。overseas / oversea   adj. 在海外的，來自海外的，僑居海外的overseas trade 海外貿(mào)易adv. 在海外， 來自海外go overseas 到海外去，adj. + er n.strange strangerforeign foreignerwonder  n./v.1) n. 奇跡the seven wonders of the world 世界七大奇跡eg. What a wonder. 真奇妙！eg. It is a wonder that he survived the plane crash. 她在空難中幸存下來，真是個(gè)奇跡。and no wonder / and little wonder （用來強(qiáng)調(diào)前面的句子）局限性為奇，難怪eg. He declined our offer, and no wonder. 難怪她回絕了我們的予以。decline di'klain vt. & vi.辭謝; 謝絕(邀請等)a nine-day wonder 一時(shí)的轟動(dòng)No wonder that / It is no wonder that 難怪eg. No wonder you were late! 難怪你來晚了。2) v. 感到驚奇、驚訝wonder at sth 對某事感到驚奇eg. We wonder at the speed of modern trains. 我們對現(xiàn)代火車的速度感到驚奇。接賓語從句：eg. I wonder that you werent killed. 真奇怪，你居然沒有被殺死。3. v. 對某事感到好奇，想懂得 ask oneself questionseg. I wonder who he is. 我真想懂得她是誰。eg. I wonder whether you can lend me 20. 我想懂得你與否能借給我20英鎊。wonderful  adj. 令人驚奇的，絕妙的，神奇的（口）eg. She is a wonderful mother. 她是位偉大的媽媽。eg. She is a wonderful wife. 她是位極杰出的妻子。eg. The weather is wonderful. 天氣棒極了。eg. The teacher is wonderful. 這位教師非常好。eg. The enthusiasm to study English is wonderful. 這種學(xué)習(xí)英語的熱情是極棒的。   enthusiasm in'ju:ziæzm n.熱情, 熱心；巨大愛好, 熱衷的事物二、核心句型Key Structures 并列句如果句子包具有兩個(gè)或更多互不依從的主謂構(gòu)造，就是并列句。并列句中的分句一般用連詞來連接，常用的連詞有：and, but, so ,yet, or, both.and, eitheror, neithernor, not only.but also, not only.but.as welland 前后是順承關(guān)系but 前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系so因果關(guān)系yet轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系or表達(dá)否則的意思both.and 不僅.并且.either.or 或者A或者Bneither.nor 既不.也不.not only.but also 不僅.并且.not only.but.as well 不僅.并且.1) The camera-work is perfect and the cast is good.電影拍攝非常棒并且演員也非常杰出。2) Honey is sweet, but the bee stings. (諺)玫瑰雖香但刺卻扎人。sting v. 蟄，刺3) Xiao Wang is coming here tomorrow, too, so you might as well come with her.小王明天也來，因此你來時(shí)跟她一塊來吧。4) We must redouble our efforts, or we'll never be able to catch up with the others.我們必須加倍努力，否則我們永遠(yuǎn)不也許追上別人。5) Both he and工teach English.她和我都教英語He teaches both English and French. 。她既教英語又教法語。6) Either you or I must tell him.He plays either soccer or rugby.或者是你或者是我必須告訴她。她踢英式足球或者是橄欖球。（前半句連接并列的主語，后半句連接并列的賓語。）7) Neither he nor工speak English. 她和我都不講英語。He can neither read nor writer. 她既不能讀也不能寫。He speaks neither English nor French. 她既不講英語也不講法語。Neither.nor連接并列的賓語成分。8) You must not only wash the dishes but sweep the floor as well. 你不僅要洗碗并且要掃地。not only.but as well連接并列的被動(dòng)語成分通過以上的例句我們總結(jié)出來：both.and，either.or，neither.nor以及not only.but also在句中連接的是并列的成分。Exercise并列旬用括號里的詞將兩個(gè)句子連接起來1) I did not know the way to my hotel. I asked a porter. (so).I did not know the way to my hotel so I asked a porter.我不結(jié)識去旅館的路，因此我問了一種搬運(yùn)工。2) I repeated my question several times. At last he understood. (and)我把問題反復(fù)了幾遍，最后她懂得了。I repeat my question several times and at last he understood.3) I spoke English very carefully. I spoke very clearly.我講英語非常小心，我講英語非常清晰。>I spoke English not only very carefully but very clearly as well.4) He answered me. He did not speak slowly. He did not speak clearly. (but.neither.nor)她回答我了，她發(fā)言既不慢也不清晰。>He answered me but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly.5) I knocked at the door. He didn't open it. (but)我敲了門，她不開。一>I knocked at the door but he didn't open it.6) He went on holiday .I went on holiday. (both.and )她去度假了。我去度假了。>Both he and工went on holiday. 她和我都去度假了。7) He must be mad. He must be very wise. (either.or)她一定是瘋了。她一定是聰穎的。一>He must be either mad or very wise.她或者是瘋了，或者是聰穎的。三、 課文解說Text I arrived in London at last.(arrive in 達(dá)到（大地方）arrive at 達(dá)到（小地方）get toreach  vt. 達(dá)到at last 終于，究竟（強(qiáng)調(diào)努力的成果）eg. At last, he succeeded in business. 終于，她生意上成功了。in the end 表達(dá)一種結(jié)局，成果eg. We talked and talked about where to go, but stayed at home in the end.我們不斷地討論去哪兒，但成果還是呆在家里。finally 一般用于句首，順序上的最后firstly, secondly, finally  一方面，另一方面，最后eg. Finally, he thanked them and took his leave. 一方面她表達(dá)感謝，然后離開。I arrive in London at last. The railway station was big, black and dark. 用三個(gè)形容詞對火車站進(jìn)行簡樸的描述。The railway station was big，black and dark. 這一句交代了作者問路的必要，從而引起下文的風(fēng)趣故事。big 更口語化，多用于指體積、重量、規(guī)模、限度方面的大large 指寬度、數(shù)量之大，一般可互換a big building / a large building此外，用large表達(dá)巨大的事物，帶有敬畏的感情色彩eg. He has large hands.black  adj.1) 黑色的 white2) 發(fā)黑的，污染的eg. Your hands are black. 你的手臟了。3) 黑皮膚的black coffee 純咖啡4) 不祥的 black Friday 黑色星期五5) 黑暗的 (dark)black and blue 青一塊紫一塊go black 失去知覺，眼前一黑in the black 有盈余in the red赤字black eye 黑眼圈Swear the black is white. 顛倒黑白，指鹿為馬dark  adj.1) 黑暗的 lighteg. The sky has turned quite dark. 天空變得非常黑暗。2) 皮膚黝黑的 fair3) 深色的 lightdark blue 深藍(lán)色還可指眼睛、頭發(fā)等很黑的4) 陰暗的，憂郁的 dark expression 憂郁的表情in the dark 在暗處eg. A cat can see in the dark. 貓?jiān)诤诎抵幸材芸匆?。in the dark 秘密地，一無所知地keep a plan in the dark 保持籌劃的秘密性dark horse 不明實(shí)力的馬，競賽中實(shí)力不明但被覺得也許獲勝的人the Dark Ages 黑暗的時(shí)代歐洲中世紀(jì)知識藝術(shù)水平衰退而有此稱darken  v. 變黑，發(fā)暗eg.  Never darken my door again. 別再跨進(jìn)我家門檻。The railway station was big, black and dark. I did not know the way to my hotel, so I asked a porter.the way to my hotelto是介詞，可以加名詞、動(dòng)名詞或代詞作介詞的賓語the way to my hotel 去旅館的路the key to the door 這扇門的鑰匙the answer to the question 這個(gè)問題的答案the entrance to the building 這幢樓的入口當(dāng)表達(dá)由此及彼的關(guān)系用“to” 體現(xiàn)。so表達(dá)前后是因果關(guān)系I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well.not onlybutas well 不僅，并且eg. I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well.= I not only spoke English very carefully, but also very clearly.我講英語不僅非常認(rèn)真并且咬字也非常清晰。The porter, however, could not understand me. I repeated my question several times and at last he understood.然而這個(gè)搬運(yùn)工卻不能聽懂我的話，however在這里表轉(zhuǎn)折，我把話反復(fù)了幾遍，and在這里表達(dá)順承的關(guān)系，最后她懂了。Understand是及物動(dòng)詞背面接賓語，understood在這里是不及物動(dòng)詞背面無賓語。He answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly.neithernor 既不也不eg. They worked neigher for fame nor for personal gains.她們工作既不圖名也不圖利。eg. She could neither speak the language nor write it.這門語言她既不會說也不會寫。I am a foreigner, I said .Then he spoke slowly, but I could not understand him.But強(qiáng)調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系My teacher never spoke English like that !like that 像那樣eg. I dont like dishonest person like him. 我不喜歡像她那樣不誠實(shí)的人。eg. Like father, like son. 有其父，必有其子。（諺）feel like 想要，意欲feel like doing 想要做eg. I am tired. I dont feel like dancing today. 我累了，我今天不想跳舞。The porter and I looked at each other and smiled. Then he said something and I understood it. 'You'll soon learn English!' he said. I wonder. In England, each person speaks a different language. The English understand each other, but I don't understand them! Do they speak English?I wonder = I am not sure.the English 英國人English 指英語eg. English is very interesting.eg. The English are very friendly.四、練習(xí)Exercise1. My sister went shopping. I went shopping.    (Bothand) Both my sister and I went shopping.2. We got very tired. We got very hungry.  (not onlybutas well) We not only got very tired but very hungry as well.3. It was three oclock. We could not get lunch. We had a cup of tea.  (andso) It was three oclock and we could not get lunch so we had a cup of tea.Exercise1. He didnt speak slowly and he didnt speak clearly_.A. neither B. either C. too D. nor她講得不慢，她講得也不清晰。分析：B. 否認(rèn)句中either表達(dá)“也不”；A. 兩者都不，一般不用于帶否認(rèn)詞not的否認(rèn)句中：C. 也，只能用于肯定句中；D. 不能單獨(dú)使用，只能與neither連用，表達(dá)“既不也不”2. He said something and I understood it. He said something _ I understood.A. who B. whose C. whom D. which她講了某些事，我懂了，她講了某些我懂的事情，分析：A. 只能引導(dǎo)修飾人的定語從旬：B. 只能作定語從句中的定語；C. 只能作定語從句中的賓語，指人而不能指物：D. 可以作定語從句中的賓語，指物. 3. I repeated my question several times. I repeated it _times.A. much B. a number of C. only a few D. three我把問題反復(fù)了幾次分析：本句需要選一種與several（幾種）意思相近的詞，A. 諸多. 一般修飾不可數(shù)名同；B. 幾種，許多：C. 只有少數(shù)；D. 二個(gè)，太絕對化了. 4. He will agree to do what you require _ him.A. of B. from C. to D. for她會批準(zhǔn)你規(guī)定她做的事情分析：Require sth of sb批示，命令某人做某事六、補(bǔ)充內(nèi)容量詞A variety of1）多種各樣的，多種多樣的例: The library had a wide variety of books.圖書館里有多種各樣的書籍。2) 種，一類例：There were several varieties of roses. 有好幾種玫瑰. A wealth of大量的，豐富的例: Jim has a whole wealth of teaching experience.吉姆具有豐富的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。