專題二代詞和介詞,詞匯復(fù)習(xí)2(根據(jù)漢語提示填入以a開頭的單詞的適當(dāng)形式,然后背誦情景,熟記以a開頭的課標(biāo)高頻詞匯。)【情景1】AttheanniversaryofAgriculturalProductsExpoanAmericanagentmadeanaddressonhowto(積累)adequateknowledgetoimprovetheproduction.Anyway,weshouldmakeany(可供選擇的)solutions,oreven(委派)amateursorallocateadultswhoservedinthearmybeforetoaccomplishthetask.,accumulate,alternative,appoint,譯文:在這次農(nóng)產(chǎn)品博覽會周年紀(jì)念日上,一位美國代理做了一個有關(guān)如何積累足夠的知識提高產(chǎn)量的報告。不管怎么說,我們應(yīng)該采取可供選擇的解決方式,甚至委派業(yè)余愛好者或分派退伍的成年人來完成這項任務(wù)。,【情景2】(根據(jù))tothe(每年的)assessmentsofthearchitectsfromauthorities,the(吸引人的)apartmentsareampleenoughfortheathletesawarded.Tobehonest,every(申請人)attachesgreatimportancetolivinghere.,According,annual,attractive,applicant,譯文:根據(jù)一項來自官方建造師的一年一度的評估,這些引人注目的公寓對于那些獲獎的運動員來說都足夠?qū)挸?。說實話,每一位申請人對于能住這里看得很重。,代詞考查有章法,前后語境細(xì)觀察1.(2015重慶卷改編)ThemeetingwillbeheldinSeptember,butknowsthedateforsure.,答案,解析,2.(2015福建卷改編)Theresearchgroupproducedtworeportsbasedonthesurvey,butcontainedanyusefulsuggestions.,答案,解析,3.(2015浙江卷改編)HowwouldyoulikeifyouwerewatchingyourfavoriteTVprogramandsomeonecameintotheroomandjustshutitoffwithoutaskingyou?,答案,解析,4.(2015天津卷改編)Thequalityofeducationinthissmallschoolisbetterthaninsomelargerschools.,答案,解析,5.(2015陜西卷改編)Towarmhimself,thesailorsatinfrontofthefirerubbingonebarefootagainst.,答案,解析,介詞考查要做對,分析語境記搭配1.(2015重慶卷改編)Lastyearwasthewarmestyearonrecord,withglobaltemperature0.68theaverage.,答案,解析,2.(2015浙江卷改編)Haveyoueverheardofthetreesthatarehomesanimalsbothonlandandsea?,答案,解析,3.(2015江蘇卷改編)ManyofthethingswenowbenefitfromwouldnotbearoundbutThomasEdison.,答案,解析,4.(2015陜西卷改編)Thelittlepupiltookhisgrandmathearmandwalkedheracrossthestreet.,答案,解析,5.(2015福建卷改編)Acommonmemorytheyallhavetheirschooldaysistheschooluniform.,答案,解析,一,二,一,二,注意:(1)形容詞性物主代詞只能用做定語,修飾名詞,如:herfather她的父親。(2)“of(介詞)+名詞性物主代詞(或名詞所有格)”構(gòu)成雙重所有格,如:afriendofmyfathers我父親的朋友中的一個。,一,二,2.不定代詞(1)none,noone,nothing,neither和no常見用法none“沒人,沒有任何東西”,強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量為零。既可指人,也可指物。none后可接of短語,常用來回答howmany/much的問題。Theywerealltired,butnoneofthemwouldstoptohavearest.他們都累了,但沒有一個愿意停下來休息。Howmanyofyouhaveseenthefilm?你們中有多少人看過這部電影?None(ofus).一個也沒有。CanIhavesomemilkformycoffee?我能向咖啡中加些牛奶嗎?Imafraidthereisnoneleft.恐怕沒有牛奶了。,一,二,noone表示“沒有人,誰也不”,強(qiáng)調(diào)對象。只指人(=nobody),做主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。?？捎脕砘卮饂ho引導(dǎo)的問句。Whocananswerthequestion?誰能回答這個問題?Noone.沒人。nothing意為“沒有東西”,一般回答what提出的問句。Whatsinthecave?洞里有什么?Nothing.沒什么。,一,二,neither指“兩個人或物中一個也不,兩者都不”,表否定意義,做主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Heofferedtwoanswerstotheproblem,butneitherofthemisright.這個問題他給了兩個答案,但是兩個答案中沒有一個是正確的。no用于限定可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)(=nota)和復(fù)數(shù)(=notany),以及限定不可數(shù)名詞(notany)。Ihavenocar.(no=nota)我沒有車。Thereisnowaterleftinthebottle.(no=notany)瓶子里沒有水了。(2)either,any,both,all的常見用法either指兩者之一;any指三者或三者以上之一。both指兩者都;all指三者或三者以上都。,一,二,(3)表示“另外的”不定代詞:theother,other,others,another的常見用法theother指兩者中的另一方,表特指,可單獨使用,也可接單數(shù)名詞。常用結(jié)構(gòu)one.theother.。如:Therearetwopens.Oneishis;theotherisToms.這兒有兩支鋼筆。一支是他的,另一支是湯姆的。Noagreementwasreachedinthediscussionasneithersidewouldgivewaytotheother.因為雙方都不愿意屈服,所以討論中沒有達(dá)成一致。,other做前置定語,修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),不可單獨使用,如果其前有the,some,any,each,every,no,one以及形容詞性物主代詞時,其后就可接單數(shù)名詞。表示泛指,意為“另外的,其他的”。如:WestudyEnglish,maths,Chineseandothersubjects.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語、數(shù)學(xué)、語文以及別的學(xué)科。Wouldyoupleasemakeitsomeotherday(=anotherday)?改日做此事好嗎?Ihavenootherplacetogo.我再也沒有別的地方可去。others是other的復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示泛指,意為“別的人或物”,但不指全部。常用結(jié)構(gòu):some.others.;而theothers表示特定范圍中的“另外的全部”。Somelikestayingathomeattheweekend;otherslikegoingtothecinema.一些人喜歡周末待在家里,另一些人喜歡去看電影。,一,二,一,二,another泛指同類的人或物,指三者或三者以上的另一個,可單獨使用或在其后加可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。如果其后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,則表示“又,再,還”,此時名詞前一般有數(shù)詞或量詞修飾。Thiscapistoosmallforme.Showmeanother(one).這帽子太小了,給我看另外一頂。Weneedanotherthreeassistantsinourshop.我們店還需要三名店員。,一,二,3.替代詞it,one,ones,theone,that,those的用法(1)it代替上文提到的名詞,指代同一事物,而不指這一類中的另一個相同的個體。即同名同物。Doyouwantthemagazine?你想得到這本雜志嗎?Yes,Iwantit.是的,我想得到它。Idontwanttodrinkthetea.Itistoohot.我不想喝這杯茶,它太燙了。,一,二,(2)one代替單數(shù)名詞,通常為泛指,與前面提到的事物同類,但并非同一個。Ihavelostmypen.Imgoingtobuyone.我把鋼筆丟了,我打算再買一支。Ipreferthisshirttothatone.我喜歡這件襯衫,不喜歡那件。(3)ones是one的復(fù)數(shù)形式,常用來代替復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,前面不用物主代詞修飾,一般也不用these或those來直接修飾,除非ones前面有形容詞。Ihaveanewcoatandseveraloldones.我有一件新外套和幾件舊的。Theseyellowraincoatsaresosmall.Iwantthoseredones.這些黃色的雨衣太小了。我想要那些紅色的。,一,二,(4)theone的用法:特指,替代前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,相當(dāng)于“the+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu),后面常有定語修飾。Therearetwobooksonthedesk.TheoneonthetopbelongstoJack.課桌上有兩本書,上面的那本是杰克的。(5)that用來代替上下文中的名詞,它表示與前面同類的東西。that既可代替可數(shù)名詞,又可代替不可數(shù)名詞,常有后置定語,一般不指人。Thepriceofriceishigherthanthatofwheat.大米的價格比小麥的價格高。ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofAmerica.中國的人口比美國的人口多。,一,二,(6)those是that的復(fù)數(shù)形式,可用來替代可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,相當(dāng)于“the+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu),表示特指某一范圍內(nèi)的人或者物。有時theones和those可互換使用,常有后置定語。Thestudentsinourclassworkharderthanthoseintheirclass.我們班里的同學(xué)比他們班里的那些同學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)刻苦。Thenewdesignsaremuchbetterthantheones/thosethatwesawyesterday.這些新設(shè)計比我們昨天看到的那些好得多。,(7)it的其他用法指代事物、動物、嬰兒或未知的人。Whatabeautifulbaby!Isitaboy?多漂亮的孩子啊!是男孩兒嗎?Whoisthemanoverthere?那邊那個男人是誰?ItmustbeLiPing.一定是李平。指天氣、時間、距離、自然現(xiàn)象、環(huán)境等。Itsverycoldtoday.今天很冷。Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincewelastsaweachother.自從我們上次見面到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)三年了。Itstwentymilestothezoo.到動物園20英里路。,一,二,一,二,做形式主語或形式賓語代替不定式、動詞-ing形式、名詞性從句。ItisimportanttolearnEnglishwell.學(xué)好英語很重要。Ifinditquitenecessarytomakesomechanges.我發(fā)現(xiàn)有必要做出改變。Itsnogood(nouse,useless,senseless,hopeless,worthwhile)+動詞-ing.Itsnousearguingwithhim.同他爭論沒什么用。Itisquiteclearthathehasreadthebook.很顯然,他讀過這本書。用做look,seem,appear,happen等詞的主語。Itseemsthathelosthisway.他好像迷路了。,一,二,表示“喜歡或恨”等心理方面的動詞,后面接it,構(gòu)成固定結(jié)構(gòu),這類動詞有enjoy,prefer,love,like,hate,dislike,appreciate等。Iwillappreciateitifyoucangivemeahand.如果你能幫我一把,我會很感激。Icanthelpitifheisalwayslate.如果他總是遲到,我也沒辦法。Assomeoneputsit,practicemakesperfect.像有人所說的那樣,熟能生巧。Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.你相信好了,他們會支持你的。,一,二,4.代詞的特殊用法(1)人稱代詞單獨使用時,一般不用主格而用賓格。Gladtomeetyou.見到你很高興。Me,too.見到你我也很高興。Susan,goandjoinyoursisterincleaningtheyard.蘇珊,和你姐姐一起去掃院子。Whyme?Johnissittingtheredoingnothing.為什么讓我去?約翰正坐在那兒沒事可做。,一,二,(2)與復(fù)合不定代詞構(gòu)成的習(xí)慣句型。Heisnothingbutaclerk.他只是一名職員。Heisanythingbutaclerk.他絕不是一名職員。Heissomeone/something/notanybody.他是個重要人物/出色的人物/普普通通的人。,一,二,二、介詞一、介詞不可單獨使用,其后一定要接賓語,做賓語的一般是名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式。常用用法歸納如下:,一,二,一,二,另外還有以下常用介詞:1.with和without表示伴隨、原因等。如:Withtheproblemsolved,wecanfinishtheworkontime.問題解決了,我們能按時完成工作。2.表示“數(shù)量”的有about,around,over(超過)等。3.表示“關(guān)于”的on,about等。4.of表示所屬關(guān)系,或部分與整體;“of+抽象名詞”相當(dāng)于與名詞相對應(yīng)的形容詞,如:ofimportance=important。,一,二,二、常用介詞搭配:1.atatlunch在吃午飯attable在吃飯atschool在上學(xué)atchurch在做禮拜atpeace在和平時期atfirst=atthebeginning初期atthebeginningof在的初始階段attheendof.在結(jié)束時,一,二,2.ininaddition除以外還有inadditionto此外,除以外incase以免;萬一indetail詳細(xì)地inexchangefor用以交換infavourof同意;支持inoffice在執(zhí)政inpower當(dāng)權(quán);在執(zhí)政inprogress在進(jìn)行中inreturn作為回報intime及時;最終intheway擋路inthemeanwhile同時,一,二,3.ononbehalfof代表onconditionthat以作為條件onsale出售onstrike在罷工ontheincrease正在增加onthego十分活躍;非常忙碌ontheair正在廣播onthecontrary相反,一,二,4.underundercontrol在控制之中underdiscussion在討論中underdevelopment在發(fā)展中underconstruction在建設(shè)中underrepair在修理中5.forforlackof由于缺乏forthebenefitof為了的利益asfor就而論;關(guān)于,一,二,6.bybychance=byaccident偶然;碰巧byname用名字;名叫byfar到目前為止7.outofoutofcontrol失去控制outofonesreach某人夠不著的地方outofthequestion不可能outofquestion毫無疑問,一,二,三,四,五,一、用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~完成句子1.Whosthatatthedoor?isthemilkman.2.Toherjoy,Lauraearnedfirstthetrustofherstudentsandthenofhercolleagues.3.SherememberedhowdifficultwastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.4.Weusedtobelievethatheavyobjectsfellfasterthanlight.5.ItwashardforhimtolearnEnglishinafamily,inwhichofhisparentsspokethelanguage.,It,that,it,ones,neither,一,二,三,四,五,二、用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~完成句子1.Thegirlareddressismysister,andthereddresslooksbeautifulher.2.(2014河北邢臺模擬考試)Howdoesshegetonherfather?3.Shefoundsomegood-qualitypipessale.4.Ifyouwanttogettotheotherbank,youhavetoswimtheriver.5.(2014河北衡水調(diào)研考試)Theanswerdependslargelyculturalvaluesaswellaspersonalexperiences.,in,on,with,on,across,on,一,二,三,四,五,三、選詞填空1.one,theone,it,that(1)WhenIgotocollege,Iwilldefinitelyneedacar,butIdonthavethemoneytobuynow.(2)Allthecarsonshowlookfabulous,especiallywithgiltdoors.(3)Ilikeoneofthecarsonexhibitionverymuch,butIdonthaveenoughmoneytobuy.(4)Thecarparkedinfrontofourhouseisshabbierthaninfrontofyourhouse.,one,theone,it,that,一,二,三,四,五,2.other,others,theother,theothers,another(1)MrHarrisandMrsBateandthreeteacherswerethere.(2)Thispairofshoesistoobig.Wouldyoupleaseshowmepair?(3)Amongthesevenstudents,threearegirlswhilefourareboys.(4)Ihavesevenpairsofglasses.Threeofthemarebrokenandaredirty.(5)Duringthecleaning,somestudentsaresweepingawaytherubbish,somearemoppingthefloor,andaretidyingthedesks.,other,another,theother,theothers,others,一,二,三,四,五,四、完成句子1.完成這項工程是一場與時間的賽跑。Itwasaracetogettheprojectdone.2.他邀請我星期天去他的生日聚會。Heinvitedmetohisbirthdayparty.3.學(xué)生們與他們的老師一起去了農(nóng)場。Thestudentswenttothefarm.4.我對那位年輕的女士一無所知,除了知道她剛從英國歸來并獲得了博士學(xué)位。IknownothingabouttheyoungladyshehasjustcomebackfromGreatBritainandgotadoctorsdegree.5.我和李華有個約會,但是我想改變一下。IhaveLiHuabutIwanttochangeit.,againsttime,onSunday,withtheirteachers,exceptthat,anappointmentwith,一,二,三,四,五,五、語法填空FathersDayoccursonthe3rdSundayinJune.Theideaforcreatingaday1.childrentohonourtheirfathersbeganinSpokane,Washington.Awoman2.thenameofSonoraSmartDoddthoughtabout3.ideaforFathersDaywhilelisteningtoaMothersDaysermon4.1909.,for,with,the,in,一,二,三,四,五,Havingbeenraised5.herfather,WilliamJacksonSmart,afterhermotherdied,Sonorawantedherfather6.(know)howspecialhewasforher.Itwasherfatherthatmadealltheparentalsacrificesandwas,intheeyesofhisdaughter,acourageous,selfless,andlovingman.SonorasfatherwasborninJune,soshe7.(choose)toholdthefirstFathersDay8.(celebrate)inSpokane,Washington9.the19thofJune,1910.In1924PresidentCalvinCoolidgeannouncedthethirdSundayinJune10.FathersDay.RosesaretheFathersDayflowers.,by,toknow,chose,celebration,on,as,