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Unit5Meetingyourancestors,知識(shí)歸納,1.____________n.可能的選擇adj.供選擇的;其他的2.____________n.挨餓;餓死3.____________adj.有觀(guān)察力的;敏銳的;嚴(yán)重的;深刻的4.____________vt.假定;設(shè)想5.____________adv.不管;不顧6.____________adj.足夠的;充足的;富裕的,starvation,assume,regardless,ample,alternative,acute,(一)基本單詞,知識(shí)清單,7.____________adj.凌亂的;臟的8.____________n.植物學(xué)10.___________vt.刪;刪除11.___________n.痕跡;搔;撓vt.抓;擦傷;刮壞12.___________n.幼兒園13.___________vt.逮捕;吸引n.逮捕;拘留,botany,messy,delete,kindergarten,scratch,arrest,14.primitiveadj._______________________15.analysisn.__________________16.significancen.__________________17.academyn._____________________18.yogurtn.__________________19.wrinklen.___________________20.applaudvi.__________________21.acceleratevi.vt.__________________,原始的;遠(yuǎn)古的;簡(jiǎn)陋的,分析,意義;意思;重要性,學(xué)院;學(xué)會(huì);學(xué)術(shù)團(tuán)體,酸奶;酸乳酪,皺紋,鼓掌歡迎;贊賞,加速;促進(jìn),1.accuracyn.精確;準(zhǔn)確___________adj.精確的;準(zhǔn)確的___________adv.精確地;準(zhǔn)確地___________n.錯(cuò)誤,inaccuracy,accurate,accurately,(二)派生單詞,2.interruptv.打斷……(講話(huà));打岔;暫時(shí)中止或中斷_____________n.中止,中斷;阻攔物,障礙物_____________n.打斷者,阻礙者_(dá)_________________[搭配]不中斷地,withoutinterruption,interruption,interrupter,3.sharpadj.鋒利的;尖銳的;急劇的__________adv.銳利地;急劇地__________n.銳利__________v.削尖;(使)尖銳__________n.削具;磨具,sharpener,sharply,sharpness,sharpen,4.skilln.技巧;熟練__________adj.有技巧的;熟練的__________adv.巧妙地,技術(shù)好的__________adj.有能力的,熟練的,skilled,skillful,skillfully,1.不顧;不管________________2.遭受;患……病;受……苦________________3.把……和……對(duì)比________________4.帶某人到處參觀(guān)_________________5.對(duì)……感興趣__________________,regardlessof,sufferfrom,pare...with...,showsb.round,beinterestedin,(三)短語(yǔ),6.御寒;擋住寒氣_________________7.最多;至多_________________8.切碎_(kāi)________________9.向前看;為將來(lái)打算____________10.追溯到________________11.在乎;擔(dān)心_________________,keepoutthecold,atmost,cutup,dateback,careabout,lookahead,12.lookverymuchlike______________13.usedtodo______________14.gatherforreunions______________15.lieinwait(forsb.)_____________________16.beedizzywithhunger______________,看起來(lái)很像,過(guò)去常做,團(tuán)聚,隱蔽靜候以出人不意,餓得頭昏眼花,17.scoopup_____________18.pullout_____________19.withrelief_____________20.nowandthen_____________21.one’sspiritsrise__________________,某人的情緒高漲起來(lái),摟起來(lái),拖出來(lái),寬慰地,不時(shí)地,1.Ifonlyshehadlookedaheadandplannedbetterthisyear!她今年要是早有預(yù)見(jiàn),計(jì)劃得更好些就好了。ifonly用在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中,用以表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈的愿望或非真實(shí)條件。,(四)句式,2.Abruptlyshesatdown,onlytobescoopedupbyherlaughing,shoutingsister,Luna.突然間她坐了下去,但又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹盧娜一把摟了起來(lái)。onlytodo/be(結(jié)果)卻……,3.Wehavebeenexcavatinglayersofashalmostsixmetresthick,whichsuggeststhattheymighthavekeptthefireburningallwinter.我們一直在挖一層層的積灰,幾乎有六米厚,這說(shuō)明他們可能整個(gè)冬季都在燒火。havebeenexcavating現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),1.alternativen.可能的選擇adj.供選擇的;其他的課文原句:Canyouthinkofthealternativeswewouldusetoday？你能想到我們今天使用的替代品嗎？【歸納】havenoalternativebuttodosth.別無(wú)選擇只好做某事,核心要點(diǎn),(一)單詞,there’snoalternative...別無(wú)選擇analternativeto...……的替代品【點(diǎn)撥】表示“別無(wú)選擇,只得……”的表達(dá)方式還有：havenochoicebuttodo;can’tchoosebutdo;can’t(help)butdo;candonothingbutdo【拓展】alternativelyadv.可供選擇地,用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(admit)。Hehadnoalternativebut________thathewaswrong.＝Hehadnochoicebut________thathewaswrong.＝Hecoulddonothingbut______thathewaswrong.他除了承認(rèn)他錯(cuò)了別無(wú)選擇。,toadmit,toadmit,admit,2.interruptvt.阻隔物withoutinterruption連續(xù)地,不斷地,interrupt打斷,中斷他人的語(yǔ)言或行為,使其不能繼續(xù)。disturb擾亂,使人不能平衡或者擾亂別人工作、思維或正常秩序,是程度較深的煩惱。bother擾亂某人心緒而使人不能專(zhuān)心或?qū)Ｒ弧?interrupt/disturb/bother,選擇interrupt,disturb,bother的正確形式填空。1)Shewas_________tohearofyourillness.2)I’msorryto_________themeeting,butthereisanurgentlong-distancecallforMr.Zhou.,disturbed,interrupt,3)Don’t_______yourselftoomuchaboutme.4)We_______________inthemiddleofourconversation.,bother,wereinterrupted,3.assumevt.假定;設(shè)想課文原句:Sowethinkitisreasonabletoassumetheylivedinthesecaves,regardlessofthecold.因此,我們有理由認(rèn)為他們不顧嚴(yán)寒,就住在這些洞穴里?！練w納】assumesb./sth.tobe假定/假設(shè)某人/某事為assumethat...設(shè)想……,假定……Itisassumedthat...……被認(rèn)為,【拓展】assumptionn.假定,假設(shè),設(shè)想makeanassumption認(rèn)為,假定ontheassumptionthat假定,【運(yùn)用】1)__________(that)itrains,whatshallwedo?假如下雨的話(huà),我們?cè)撛趺崔k？2)____________thatshoppingontheInternetisnotperfect.人們認(rèn)為網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物是不完美的。,Assuming,Itisassumed,4.significancen.意義;意思;重要性;重要意義課文原句:Hisuniversitywasawareofthesignificanceofhiswork.他所在的大學(xué)知道他的工作的重要性?！練w納】thesignificanceof...……的重要性/含義beof(great)significance有(重大)意義/(非常)重要beofnosignificance無(wú)意義/不重要beoflittlesignificance不太重要,【拓展】significantadj.有(重大)意義/(非常)重要,【運(yùn)用】1)TheirchangeofplanisstrangebutIthinkit’s______nosignificance.他們改變了計(jì)劃十分奇怪,但我覺(jué)得沒(méi)什么意義。2)Iattach_________________tothismatter.我很重視這件事。,of,muchsignificance,5.somehowadv.以……方式,不知怎么地,不知為什么課文原句:SomehowhecycledthirtymilestoDrBlackbecausetherewasnoalternativemeansoftransport.不管怎么說(shuō),他騎車(chē)三十英里去向布萊克博士報(bào)告。因?yàn)樵诋?dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有其他的交通工具。,6.applaudvt.鼓掌,稱(chēng)贊,贊成課文原句:Shehadfeltsoproudasthegroupshoutedloudlytoapplaudhischoice.當(dāng)族人為大胡的選擇歡呼鼓掌的時(shí)候,她覺(jué)得非常自豪?！練w納】applaudsb.forsth.因某事而贊揚(yáng)某人applaudthedecision贊成某個(gè)決定【拓展】applausen.鼓掌歡迎,歡呼,7.arrestvt.逮捕;吸引n.逮捕;拘留課文原句:Shehadalmostreachedherdestinationwhenadelicioussmellarrestedherprogressandshestopped.快到目的地的時(shí)候,一陣香氣撲鼻,她不往前走了,停了下來(lái)。【歸納】arrestsb.for因……逮捕某人getarrested遭逮捕arrestone’sattention引起注意underarrest被捕makeanarrest進(jìn)行拘捕,【運(yùn)用】1)Hewasthefirst_______________drunkdriving.他是第一個(gè)因醉駕而被捕的人。2)ThenewelectioninAmerica_________theworld’sattention.美國(guó)的新大選吸引了世人的注意力。3)Herlaughter___________________andweallstaredather.她的笑聲吸引了我們的注意,我們都盯著她看。,tobearrestedfor,arrested,arrestedourattention,1.regardlessof不管;不顧(側(cè)重指不計(jì)后果和代價(jià))regardlessof/despite/inspiteofregardlessof...強(qiáng)調(diào)不認(rèn)為……重要,從而不加以重視或考慮;而despite和inspiteof有“盡管……但是”之意。,(二)短語(yǔ),regardlessof后可接whether,what引導(dǎo)的從句,而inspiteof和despite后不可接從句,接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。,【運(yùn)用】______________heisrightorwrong,wehavetofollowhisdecision.無(wú)論他是對(duì)還是錯(cuò),我們必須遵守他的決定。,Regardlessof,2.befedupwith受夠了;飽受;厭煩課文原句:Well,I’mfedupwithalltheattentionand…噢,我對(duì)這些關(guān)注感到厭煩，……,【運(yùn)用】1)Well,I’m________________(厭煩)alltheattentionofthepublic.2)Allanimalsincludingmen_________(以……為食)plantsorotheranimals.3)You’dbetter_________________________________(把這些新鮮的蔬菜喂給)thelittleboy.,fedupwith,feedon,feedthesefresh,vegetablesto,3.lookahead向前看;為將來(lái)打算課文原句:Ifonlyshehadlookedaheadandplannedbetterthisyear!她今年要是早有預(yù)見(jiàn),計(jì)劃得更好些就好了！【歸納】lookat查看;思考,考慮;研究lookafter照看,照顧lookawayfrom把目光從……移開(kāi)lookaround參觀(guān),四處看看,環(huán)顧lookback回顧過(guò)去lookbackoverone’sshoulder回頭看,lookdownupon/on蔑視,瞧不起lookupto尊敬,欽佩lookforwardto期望,期待,盼望lookinto調(diào)查looklike看起來(lái)像……lookon...as把……看作lookout小心,當(dāng)心,lookout小心,當(dāng)心looksb.intheeye注視某人,直視某人lookthrough瀏覽,翻閱,審閱lookup查閱(詞或資料)looksb.upanddown上下打量某人,4.datebackto=datefrom(+時(shí)間點(diǎn))追溯到,從……就有課文原句:AlltheobjectsarefromthesameexcavationsiteinSanxingduiandcanbedatedbacktobetween3,000and5,000yearsago.所有物品都來(lái)自三星堆遺址,它們能追溯到3000至5000年前。這個(gè)短語(yǔ)一般不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),也不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。但做后置定語(yǔ)時(shí),常用現(xiàn)在分詞。,【運(yùn)用】1)Thisisanoldbuilding_____________the16thcentury.這是一棟可追溯至16世紀(jì)的古老建筑。2)Everydayanumberoftouriststakepicturesinthefrontofthetower,which__________asearlyas800yearsago.每天都有許多游客在這座可追溯到800年前的塔前拍照。,datingbackto,datesfrom,1.Ifonlyshehadlookedaheadandplannedbetterthisyear!她今年要是早有預(yù)見(jiàn),計(jì)劃得更好些就好了。ifonly…表示“要是……就好了/但愿……。,(三)句式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示與過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的愿望。ifonly...could/would/might＋do...表示對(duì)將來(lái)事情的愿望(不用should)。ifonly...did...表示對(duì)與目前或現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望。ifonly...haddone...表示對(duì)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望。,【運(yùn)用】1)IfonlyI_____________(follow)thedoctor’sadvice!要是我聽(tīng)從了醫(yī)生的建議該多好啊！2)Ifonlywe__________(have)theopportunitytoworkinTibetnextyear.我們明年要是有機(jī)會(huì)去西藏工作就好了。,hadfollowed,couldhave,ifonly用來(lái)表達(dá)愿望,“但愿……,要是……就好了”,句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬,表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈的愿望或遺憾。onlyif由副詞only和從屬連詞if組合而成,only僅起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用,“只有”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。若其引導(dǎo)的從句置于句首,且與主語(yǔ)間沒(méi)有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi),則主句用倒裝語(yǔ)序。,ifonly/onlyif,e.g.Ifonlywecouldaffordtobuyaplaceofourown.OnlyifyoupromisenottoinviteMarywillIe.,2.Abruptlyshesatdown,onlytobescoopedupbyherlaughing,shoutingsister,Luna.突然間她坐了下去,結(jié)果被她那又笑又叫的妹妹盧娜一把摟了過(guò)來(lái)。onlytodo/be(結(jié)果)卻……不定式短語(yǔ)用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),表示意料之外或不符合說(shuō)話(huà)人期望的結(jié)果。這種結(jié)構(gòu)也常常在不定式前加上only來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)驚訝與失望。,3.Wehavebeenexcavatinglayersofashalmostsixmetresthick,whichsuggeststhattheymighthavekeptthefireburningallwinter.我們一直在挖掘一層層的積灰,幾乎有六米厚,這說(shuō)明他們可能整個(gè)冬季都在燒火。havebeenexcavating現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,或?qū)⒗^續(xù)延續(xù)至將來(lái)。,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示已經(jīng)完成,而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示還沒(méi)完成還要延續(xù)下去或者剛剛完成。如：Theyhavebuiltahouse.(完成)Theyhavebeenbuildingahouse.(尚未完成),4.Ourevidencesuggeststheydidindeedwearclothesmadeformanimalskins.我們的證據(jù)表明他們確實(shí)穿了用動(dòng)物皮做成的衣服。suggest最常用有兩個(gè)意思：1)提議;提出;建議,后接動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞的ing形式,后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should常省略)。,后接賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的詞可記為：一個(gè)堅(jiān)持：insist二個(gè)命令：mand,order四個(gè)建議:advise,suggest,remend,propose四個(gè)要求：ask,demand,request,require2)表明,顯示,暗示;顯出,后接賓語(yǔ)從句(不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)。,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),語(yǔ)法,【拓展】現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相比,主要有三個(gè)特點(diǎn)：1.未完結(jié)性?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作已完成,而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則常常具有未完成含義。2.短暫性?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)都可表示延續(xù)至今的狀態(tài),但是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)常常表示短暫性。如：TheyhavelivedinNewYork.（長(zhǎng)期性）TheyhavebeenlivinginNewYork.（短暫性）,3.連續(xù)性或重復(fù)性?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)常常用于表示延續(xù)至今的連續(xù)性或重復(fù)性動(dòng)作。如：I’vebeenknocking.Idon’tthinkanybody’sin.,【即學(xué)即練】選出可填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。1.We_________________(areworking/havebeenworking)onthisprojectforfourhours.Let’shavearest.2.Joseph_____________(hasbeengoing/hasgone)toeveningclassessincelastmonth,buthestillcan’tsay“What’syourname?”inRussian.3.I’mtiredout.I_________________(shopped/havebeenshopping)allafternoonandIdon’tseemtohavefinishedanything.,havebeenworking,hasbeengoing,havebeenshopping,4.—Jack,youlooksotired!—Well,I__________________(havepainted/havebeenpainting)thehouseandImustfinishtheworktomorrow.5.IhavetoseethedoctorbecauseI_________________(havebeencoughing/cough)alotlately.6.—We’vespenttoomuchmoneyrecently.—Well,itisn’tsurprising.Ourfriendsandrelatives_______________(areing/havebeening)aroundallthetime.,havebeenpainting,havebeen,coughing,havebeening,如何介紹文物古跡,寫(xiě)作,【寫(xiě)作任務(wù)】某英文報(bào)的“CulturalRelics”欄目正面向中學(xué)生征文。請(qǐng)根據(jù)提示信息，用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇短文介紹莫高窟(theMogaoCaves)。1.位于中國(guó)西部甘肅省敦煌市東南；2.始建于公元366年,后不斷增補(bǔ)直至元代;,3.現(xiàn)存洞窟492個(gè),壁畫(huà)(mural)約45000平方米,彩塑(paintedsculpture)2415尊,展示了四到十四世紀(jì)偉大的佛教(Buddhist)藝術(shù)成就；4.1987年被列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》(WorldHeritageList)。注意:1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。,【寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)】一、審題定調(diào)本寫(xiě)作任務(wù)要求介紹莫高窟，體裁屬于說(shuō)明文，故語(yǔ)言要簡(jiǎn)潔、準(zhǔn)確、條理清楚又要突出特色。時(shí)態(tài)多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，人稱(chēng)以第三人稱(chēng)為主。二、謀篇布局本寫(xiě)作可分為三部分：第一部分：介紹其位置和修建時(shí)間；第二部分：描寫(xiě)其規(guī)模；第三部分：說(shuō)明其地位及影響。,三、就本寫(xiě)作而言,可圍繞以下內(nèi)容組織語(yǔ)言。1.第一部分：介紹其位置和修建時(shí)間。,2.第二部分：描寫(xiě)其規(guī)模。,3.第三部分：說(shuō)明其地位及影響。,【參考范文】?普通范文?TheMogaoCavesarelocatedinthesoutheastofDunhuangCity,GansuProvinceofChina.Theywerestartedintheyearof366ADandfinishedintheYuanDynasty.Thereare492cavesnow,whichcontainabout45,000squaremetersofmuralsand2,415paintedsculptures.TheyshowthegreatachievementofBuddhistartfromthe4thtothe14thcentury.Becauseoftheirgreatartisticandculturalvalues,theMogaoCaveswereaddedtotheWorldHeritageListin1987.Everyyear,alotoftouristsfromallovertheworldetoseethisoldmysteriousplace.,?高級(jí)范文?LocatedinthesoutheastofDunhuangCity,GansuProvinceofChina,theMogaoCaveshavealonghistorydatingbackto366AD.TheyweregenerallyacplishedintheYuanDynasty.Now492cavesarepreserved,housingabout45,000squaremetersofmuralsand2,415paintedsculptures.TheyrepresenttheoutstandingachievementofBuddhistartfromthe4thtothe14thcentury.TheyhavesuchanimportantplaceinhumanculturethatUNESCOincludedtheMogaoCavesontheWorldHeritageListin1987.Everyyear,touristsfromallovertheworldflocktothisamazinglandtoadmirethewisdomofancientChinesepeople.,鞏固練習(xí),I.用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。1.Thecoursewillhelpstudents________(sharp)theirwritingskills.2.The________(accurate)ofthereportscannotbechecked.3.Thefarmersarewaitingfortheapplesto________(ripe).4.Astheworktendstobeabit________(mess)youllneedtowearoldclothes.,ripen,sharpen,accuracy,messy,5.Theresultsofthestudyhaveawider__________(significant)foralltheprofession.6.A(n)________(analyze)ofdatafromAustraliashowsthatskincancerisontheincrease.7.Severalnew________(botany)specieshavebeendiscoveredinthelastyear.8.Overthreehundredpeoplehavediedof___________(starve)sincethebeginningoftheyear.9.Theywentabouttheirbusinessina(n)___________(system)way.,systematic,significance,analysis,botanical,starvation,II.用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1.—Howdidyoubreakyourarm?—IslippedontheicewhileI___________(cross)thestreetinfrontofthedorm.2.Iamsickofrainandbadweather!Hopefully,whenwe________(wake)uptomorrowmorning,thesun________________(shine).,willbe,wascrossing,wake,shining,3.—Hi,John.Youlookreallygreat!—I_________________(work)outatthefitnesscenterrecently.4.BythetimeBill_______(go)tobedtomorrow,he____________(have)afulldayandwillbereadyforsleep.5.Peterisgoingtoleaveinhalfanhour.Hewillfinishallofhisworkbeforehe______(leave).,leaves,havebeenworking,goes,willhavehad,6.—HowaboutgoingtoAlicesRestaurantfordinnerafterwork?—Soundsgood.I________(meet)youtherearoundsix.7.Thomas________(begin)towritewhenhewaseighteen.Tillnow,altogether,he_____________(publish)sevennovels,threecollectionsofshortstoriesandabookofpoetry.8.There________(be)morethanfortypresidentsoftheUnitedStatessinceit________(bee)acountry.,became,willmeet,began,haspublished,havebeen,III.閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。,TheremainsofDorchesterinSummerville,SouthCarolina,containoneofthemostpletearchaeological1.________(record)ofcolonial(殖民時(shí)期的)Americaanywhere.Dorchesterdates2.________to1697andwasfoundedbyagroupofNewEnglandPuritans(清教徒).Fornearlyacentury,traders,planters,artisans(skilfulpeoplewhomake,records,back,beautifulthingsbyhand)and3._________(wealth)ownersoflocalplantationslivedinthevillage,4.________eventuallybecameaninlandtradecenteronthenorthsideoftheAshleyRiver.AtthebeginningoftheRevolutionaryWar,Dorchesterbecameafortified(設(shè)防的)Americanpost,5.________(brief)mandedbyFrancisMarion,knownastheSwampFox.TheBritishclaimedthepostnearthewarsend,only6.________(turn),wealthy,toturn,which,briefly,itovertotheAmericansagain.Shortlyafterwards,thevillage7.______________(abandon)andleftinaruinousstateuntilarchaeologicalexcavationsbeganinthe1940s8.________thencontinuedmoreformallyinthe1970s.SouthCarolinastatearchaeologistJonLeadersaysthatColonialDorchester“haseverything.”Thesite9.________(host)publicarchaeologyexcavationsinthespringandfallthatvisitorscanobserveandevenparticipate,hosts,wasabandoned,and,in,andthereis10.________indoorlabthatcanbevisitedinwinterandsummer.Itsalsoagreatsiteforapicnic.,an,