Unit5Meetingyourancestors,知識歸納,1._n.可能的選擇adj.供選擇的;其他的2._n.挨餓;餓死3._adj.有觀察力的;敏銳的;嚴重的;深刻的4._vt.假定;設想5._adv.不管;不顧6._adj.足夠的;充足的;富裕的,starvation,assume,regardless,ample,alternative,acute,(一)基本單詞,知識清單,7._adj.凌亂的;臟的8._n.植物學10._vt.刪;刪除11._n.痕跡;搔;撓vt.抓;擦傷;刮壞12._n.幼兒園13._vt.逮捕;吸引n.逮捕;拘留,botany,messy,delete,kindergarten,scratch,arrest,14.primitiveadj._15.analysisn._16.significancen._17.academyn._18.yogurtn._19.wrinklen._20.applaudvi._21.acceleratevi.vt._,原始的;遠古的;簡陋的,分析,意義;意思;重要性,學院;學會;學術團體,酸奶;酸乳酪,皺紋,鼓掌歡迎;贊賞,加速;促進,1.accuracyn.精確;準確_adj.精確的;準確的_adv.精確地;準確地_n.錯誤,inaccuracy,accurate,accurately,(二)派生單詞,2.interruptv.打斷(講話);打岔;暫時中止或中斷_n.中止,中斷;阻攔物,障礙物_n.打斷者,阻礙者_搭配不中斷地,withoutinterruption,interruption,interrupter,3.sharpadj.鋒利的;尖銳的;急劇的_adv.銳利地;急劇地_n.銳利_v.削尖;(使)尖銳_n.削具;磨具,sharpener,sharply,sharpness,sharpen,4.skilln.技巧;熟練_adj.有技巧的;熟練的_adv.巧妙地,技術好的_adj.有能力的,熟練的,skilled,skillful,skillfully,1.不顧;不管_2.遭受;患病;受苦_3.把和對比_4.帶某人到處參觀_5.對感興趣_,regardlessof,sufferfrom,pare.with.,showsb.round,beinterestedin,(三)短語,6.御寒;擋住寒氣_7.最多;至多_8.切碎_9.向前看;為將來打算_10.追溯到_11.在乎;擔心_,keepoutthecold,atmost,cutup,dateback,careabout,lookahead,12.lookverymuchlike_13.usedtodo_14.gatherforreunions_15.lieinwait(forsb.)_16.beedizzywithhunger_,看起來很像,過去常做,團聚,隱蔽靜候以出人不意,餓得頭昏眼花,17.scoopup_18.pullout_19.withrelief_20.nowandthen_21.onesspiritsrise_,某人的情緒高漲起來,摟起來,拖出來,寬慰地,不時地,1.Ifonlyshehadlookedaheadandplannedbetterthisyear!她今年要是早有預見,計劃得更好些就好了。ifonly用在虛擬語氣中,用以表達強烈的愿望或非真實條件。,(四)句式,2.Abruptlyshesatdown,onlytobescoopedupbyherlaughing,shoutingsister,Luna.突然間她坐了下去,但又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹盧娜一把摟了起來。onlytodo/be(結果)卻,3.Wehavebeenexcavatinglayersofashalmostsixmetresthick,whichsuggeststhattheymighthavekeptthefireburningallwinter.我們一直在挖一層層的積灰,幾乎有六米厚,這說明他們可能整個冬季都在燒火。havebeenexcavating現(xiàn)在完成進行時,1.alternativen.可能的選擇adj.供選擇的;其他的課文原句:Canyouthinkofthealternativeswewouldusetoday？你能想到我們今天使用的替代品嗎？【歸納】havenoalternativebuttodosth.別無選擇只好做某事,核心要點,(一)單詞,theresnoalternative.別無選擇analternativeto.的替代品【點撥】表示“別無選擇,只得”的表達方式還有：havenochoicebuttodo;cantchoosebutdo;cant(help)butdo;candonothingbutdo【拓展】alternativelyadv.可供選擇地,用所給動詞的適當形式填空(admit)。Hehadnoalternativebut_thathewaswrong.Hehadnochoicebut_thathewaswrong.Hecoulddonothingbut_thathewaswrong.他除了承認他錯了別無選擇。,toadmit,toadmit,admit,2.interruptvt.阻隔物withoutinterruption連續(xù)地,不斷地,interrupt打斷,中斷他人的語言或行為,使其不能繼續(xù)。disturb擾亂,使人不能平衡或者擾亂別人工作、思維或正常秩序,是程度較深的煩惱。bother擾亂某人心緒而使人不能專心或專一。,interrupt/disturb/bother,選擇interrupt,disturb,bother的正確形式填空。1)Shewas_tohearofyourillness.2)Imsorryto_themeeting,butthereisanurgentlong-distancecallforMr.Zhou.,disturbed,interrupt,3)Dont_yourselftoomuchaboutme.4)We_inthemiddleofourconversation.,bother,wereinterrupted,3.assumevt.假定;設想課文原句:Sowethinkitisreasonabletoassumetheylivedinthesecaves,regardlessofthecold.因此,我們有理由認為他們不顧嚴寒,就住在這些洞穴里。【歸納】assumesb./sth.tobe假定/假設某人/某事為assumethat.設想,假定Itisassumedthat.被認為,【拓展】assumptionn.假定,假設,設想makeanassumption認為,假定ontheassumptionthat假定,【運用】1)_(that)itrains,whatshallwedo?假如下雨的話,我們該怎么辦？2)_thatshoppingontheInternetisnotperfect.人們認為網上購物是不完美的。,Assuming,Itisassumed,4.significancen.意義;意思;重要性;重要意義課文原句:Hisuniversitywasawareofthesignificanceofhiswork.他所在的大學知道他的工作的重要性。【歸納】thesignificanceof.的重要性/含義beof(great)significance有(重大)意義/(非常)重要beofnosignificance無意義/不重要beoflittlesignificance不太重要,【拓展】significantadj.有(重大)意義/(非常)重要,【運用】1)TheirchangeofplanisstrangebutIthinkits_nosignificance.他們改變了計劃十分奇怪,但我覺得沒什么意義。2)Iattach_tothismatter.我很重視這件事。,of,muchsignificance,5.somehowadv.以方式,不知怎么地,不知為什么課文原句:SomehowhecycledthirtymilestoDrBlackbecausetherewasnoalternativemeansoftransport.不管怎么說,他騎車三十英里去向布萊克博士報告。因為在當時沒有其他的交通工具。,6.applaudvt.鼓掌,稱贊,贊成課文原句:Shehadfeltsoproudasthegroupshoutedloudlytoapplaudhischoice.當族人為大胡的選擇歡呼鼓掌的時候,她覺得非常自豪?！練w納】applaudsb.forsth.因某事而贊揚某人applaudthedecision贊成某個決定【拓展】applausen.鼓掌歡迎,歡呼,7.arrestvt.逮捕;吸引n.逮捕;拘留課文原句:Shehadalmostreachedherdestinationwhenadelicioussmellarrestedherprogressandshestopped.快到目的地的時候,一陣香氣撲鼻,她不往前走了,停了下來?！練w納】arrestsb.for因逮捕某人getarrested遭逮捕arrestonesattention引起注意underarrest被捕makeanarrest進行拘捕,【運用】1)Hewasthefirst_drunkdriving.他是第一個因醉駕而被捕的人。2)ThenewelectioninAmerica_theworldsattention.美國的新大選吸引了世人的注意力。3)Herlaughter_andweallstaredather.她的笑聲吸引了我們的注意,我們都盯著她看。,tobearrestedfor,arrested,arrestedourattention,1.regardlessof不管;不顧(側重指不計后果和代價)regardlessof/despite/inspiteofregardlessof.強調不認為重要,從而不加以重視或考慮;而despite和inspiteof有“盡管但是”之意。,(二)短語,regardlessof后可接whether,what引導的從句,而inspiteof和despite后不可接從句,接名詞、代詞或動名詞。,【運用】_heisrightorwrong,wehavetofollowhisdecision.無論他是對還是錯,我們必須遵守他的決定。,Regardlessof,2.befedupwith受夠了;飽受;厭煩課文原句:Well,Imfedupwithalltheattentionand噢,我對這些關注感到厭煩，,【運用】1)Well,Im_(厭煩)alltheattentionofthepublic.2)Allanimalsincludingmen_(以為食)plantsorotheranimals.3)Youdbetter_(把這些新鮮的蔬菜喂給)thelittleboy.,fedupwith,feedon,feedthesefresh,vegetablesto,3.lookahead向前看;為將來打算課文原句:Ifonlyshehadlookedaheadandplannedbetterthisyear!她今年要是早有預見,計劃得更好些就好了！【歸納】lookat查看;思考,考慮;研究lookafter照看,照顧lookawayfrom把目光從移開lookaround參觀,四處看看,環(huán)顧lookback回顧過去lookbackoveronesshoulder回頭看,lookdownupon/on蔑視,瞧不起lookupto尊敬,欽佩lookforwardto期望,期待,盼望lookinto調查looklike看起來像lookon.as把看作lookout小心,當心,lookout小心,當心looksb.intheeye注視某人,直視某人lookthrough瀏覽,翻閱,審閱lookup查閱(詞或資料)looksb.upanddown上下打量某人,4.datebackto=datefrom(+時間點)追溯到,從就有課文原句:AlltheobjectsarefromthesameexcavationsiteinSanxingduiandcanbedatedbacktobetween3,000and5,000yearsago.所有物品都來自三星堆遺址,它們能追溯到3000至5000年前。這個短語一般不用于被動語態(tài),也不用于進行時態(tài)。但做后置定語時,常用現(xiàn)在分詞。,【運用】1)Thisisanoldbuilding_the16thcentury.這是一棟可追溯至16世紀的古老建筑。2)Everydayanumberoftouriststakepicturesinthefrontofthetower,which_asearlyas800yearsago.每天都有許多游客在這座可追溯到800年前的塔前拍照。,datingbackto,datesfrom,1.Ifonlyshehadlookedaheadandplannedbetterthisyear!她今年要是早有預見,計劃得更好些就好了。ifonly表示“要是就好了/但愿。,(三)句式,謂語動詞用虛擬語氣,表示與過去、現(xiàn)在和將來事實相反的愿望。ifonly.could/would/mightdo.表示對將來事情的愿望(不用should)。ifonly.did.表示對與目前或現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望。ifonly.haddone.表示對與過去事實相反的愿望。,【運用】1)IfonlyI_(follow)thedoctorsadvice!要是我聽從了醫(yī)生的建議該多好?。?)Ifonlywe_(have)theopportunitytoworkinTibetnextyear.我們明年要是有機會去西藏工作就好了。,hadfollowed,couldhave,ifonly用來表達愿望,“但愿,要是就好了”,句中謂語動詞要用虛擬,表達強烈的愿望或遺憾。onlyif由副詞only和從屬連詞if組合而成,only僅起強調作用,“只有”,引導條件狀語從句,不用虛擬語氣。若其引導的從句置于句首,且與主語間沒有逗號隔開,則主句用倒裝語序。,ifonly/onlyif,e.g.Ifonlywecouldaffordtobuyaplaceofourown.OnlyifyoupromisenottoinviteMarywillIe.,2.Abruptlyshesatdown,onlytobescoopedupbyherlaughing,shoutingsister,Luna.突然間她坐了下去,結果被她那又笑又叫的妹妹盧娜一把摟了過來。onlytodo/be(結果)卻不定式短語用作結果狀語,表示意料之外或不符合說話人期望的結果。這種結構也常常在不定式前加上only來強調驚訝與失望。,3.Wehavebeenexcavatinglayersofashalmostsixmetresthick,whichsuggeststhattheymighthavekeptthefireburningallwinter.我們一直在挖掘一層層的積灰,幾乎有六米厚,這說明他們可能整個冬季都在燒火。havebeenexcavating現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,或將繼續(xù)延續(xù)至將來。,現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時表示已經完成,而現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示還沒完成還要延續(xù)下去或者剛剛完成。如：Theyhavebuiltahouse.(完成)Theyhavebeenbuildingahouse.(尚未完成),4.Ourevidencesuggeststheydidindeedwearclothesmadeformanimalskins.我們的證據(jù)表明他們確實穿了用動物皮做成的衣服。suggest最常用有兩個意思：1)提議;提出;建議,后接動詞要用動詞的ing形式,后接賓語從句時,從句用虛擬語氣(“should+動詞原形”,should常省略)。,后接賓語從句要用虛擬語氣的詞可記為：一個堅持：insist二個命令：mand,order四個建議:advise,suggest,remend,propose四個要求：ask,demand,request,require2)表明,顯示,暗示;顯出,后接賓語從句(不用虛擬語氣)。,現(xiàn)在完成進行時,語法,【拓展】現(xiàn)在完成進行時與現(xiàn)在完成時相比,主要有三個特點：1.未完結性?，F(xiàn)在完成時表示動作已完成,而現(xiàn)在完成進行時則常常具有未完成含義。2.短暫性?，F(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時都可表示延續(xù)至今的狀態(tài),但是現(xiàn)在完成進行時常常表示短暫性。如：TheyhavelivedinNewYork.（長期性）TheyhavebeenlivinginNewYork.（短暫性）,3.連續(xù)性或重復性。現(xiàn)在完成進行時常常用于表示延續(xù)至今的連續(xù)性或重復性動作。如：Ivebeenknocking.Idontthinkanybodysin.,【即學即練】選出可填入空白處的最佳選項。1.We_(areworking/havebeenworking)onthisprojectforfourhours.Letshavearest.2.Joseph_(hasbeengoing/hasgone)toeveningclassessincelastmonth,buthestillcantsay“Whatsyourname?”inRussian.3.Imtiredout.I_(shopped/havebeenshopping)allafternoonandIdontseemtohavefinishedanything.,havebeenworking,hasbeengoing,havebeenshopping,4.Jack,youlooksotired!Well,I_(havepainted/havebeenpainting)thehouseandImustfinishtheworktomorrow.5.IhavetoseethedoctorbecauseI_(havebeencoughing/cough)alotlately.6.Wevespenttoomuchmoneyrecently.Well,itisntsurprising.Ourfriendsandrelatives_(areing/havebeening)aroundallthetime.,havebeenpainting,havebeen,coughing,havebeening,如何介紹文物古跡,寫作,【寫作任務】某英文報的“CulturalRelics”欄目正面向中學生征文。請根據(jù)提示信息，用英語寫一篇短文介紹莫高窟(theMogaoCaves)。1.位于中國西部甘肅省敦煌市東南；2.始建于公元366年,后不斷增補直至元代;,3.現(xiàn)存洞窟492個,壁畫(mural)約45000平方米,彩塑(paintedsculpture)2415尊,展示了四到十四世紀偉大的佛教(Buddhist)藝術成就；4.1987年被列入世界遺產名錄(WorldHeritageList)。注意:1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫。,【寫作指導】一、審題定調本寫作任務要求介紹莫高窟，體裁屬于說明文，故語言要簡潔、準確、條理清楚又要突出特色。時態(tài)多用一般過去時和一般現(xiàn)在時，人稱以第三人稱為主。二、謀篇布局本寫作可分為三部分：第一部分：介紹其位置和修建時間；第二部分：描寫其規(guī)模；第三部分：說明其地位及影響。,三、就本寫作而言,可圍繞以下內容組織語言。1.第一部分：介紹其位置和修建時間。,2.第二部分：描寫其規(guī)模。,3.第三部分：說明其地位及影響。,【參考范文】普通范文TheMogaoCavesarelocatedinthesoutheastofDunhuangCity,GansuProvinceofChina.Theywerestartedintheyearof366ADandfinishedintheYuanDynasty.Thereare492cavesnow,whichcontainabout45,000squaremetersofmuralsand2,415paintedsculptures.TheyshowthegreatachievementofBuddhistartfromthe4thtothe14thcentury.Becauseoftheirgreatartisticandculturalvalues,theMogaoCaveswereaddedtotheWorldHeritageListin1987.Everyyear,alotoftouristsfromallovertheworldetoseethisoldmysteriousplace.,高級范文LocatedinthesoutheastofDunhuangCity,GansuProvinceofChina,theMogaoCaveshavealonghistorydatingbackto366AD.TheyweregenerallyacplishedintheYuanDynasty.Now492cavesarepreserved,housingabout45,000squaremetersofmuralsand2,415paintedsculptures.TheyrepresenttheoutstandingachievementofBuddhistartfromthe4thtothe14thcentury.TheyhavesuchanimportantplaceinhumanculturethatUNESCOincludedtheMogaoCavesontheWorldHeritageListin1987.Everyyear,touristsfromallovertheworldflocktothisamazinglandtoadmirethewisdomofancientChinesepeople.,鞏固練習,I.用括號內單詞的正確形式填空。1.Thecoursewillhelpstudents_(sharp)theirwritingskills.2.The_(accurate)ofthereportscannotbechecked.3.Thefarmersarewaitingfortheapplesto_(ripe).4.Astheworktendstobeabit_(mess)youllneedtowearoldclothes.,ripen,sharpen,accuracy,messy,5.Theresultsofthestudyhaveawider_(significant)foralltheprofession.6.A(n)_(analyze)ofdatafromAustraliashowsthatskincancerisontheincrease.7.Severalnew_(botany)specieshavebeendiscoveredinthelastyear.8.Overthreehundredpeoplehavediedof_(starve)sincethebeginningoftheyear.9.Theywentabouttheirbusinessina(n)_(system)way.,systematic,significance,analysis,botanical,starvation,II.用括號內動詞的正確形式填空。1.Howdidyoubreakyourarm?IslippedontheicewhileI_(cross)thestreetinfrontofthedorm.2.Iamsickofrainandbadweather!Hopefully,whenwe_(wake)uptomorrowmorning,thesun_(shine).,willbe,wascrossing,wake,shining,3.Hi,John.Youlookreallygreat!I_(work)outatthefitnesscenterrecently.4.BythetimeBill_(go)tobedtomorrow,he_(have)afulldayandwillbereadyforsleep.5.Peterisgoingtoleaveinhalfanhour.Hewillfinishallofhisworkbeforehe_(leave).,leaves,havebeenworking,goes,willhavehad,6.HowaboutgoingtoAlicesRestaurantfordinnerafterwork?Soundsgood.I_(meet)youtherearoundsix.7.Thomas_(begin)towritewhenhewaseighteen.Tillnow,altogether,he_(publish)sevennovels,threecollectionsofshortstoriesandabookofpoetry.8.There_(be)morethanfortypresidentsoftheUnitedStatessinceit_(bee)acountry.,became,willmeet,began,haspublished,havebeen,III.閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當?shù)膬热?1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。,TheremainsofDorchesterinSummerville,SouthCarolina,containoneofthemostpletearchaeological1._(record)ofcolonial(殖民時期的)Americaanywhere.Dorchesterdates2._to1697andwasfoundedbyagroupofNewEnglandPuritans(清教徒).Fornearlyacentury,traders,planters,artisans(skilfulpeoplewhomake,records,back,beautifulthingsbyhand)and3._(wealth)ownersoflocalplantationslivedinthevillage,4._eventuallybecameaninlandtradecenteronthenorthsideoftheAshleyRiver.AtthebeginningoftheRevolutionaryWar,Dorchesterbecameafortified(設防的)Americanpost,5._(brief)mandedbyFrancisMarion,knownastheSwampFox.TheBritishclaimedthepostnearthewarsend,only6._(turn),wealthy,toturn,which,briefly,itovertotheAmericansagain.Shortlyafterwards,thevillage7._(abandon)andleftinaruinousstateuntilarchaeologicalexcavationsbeganinthe1940s8._thencontinuedmoreformallyinthe1970s.SouthCarolinastatearchaeologistJonLeadersaysthatColonialDorchester“haseverything.”Thesite9._(host)publicarchaeologyexcavationsinthespringandfallthatvisitorscanobserveandevenparticipate,hosts,wasabandoned,and,in,andthereis10._indoorlabthatcanbevisitedinwinterandsummer.Itsalsoagreatsiteforapicnic.,an,