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______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2015年人教版八年級上冊英語重點(diǎn)短語與語法 Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?（談?wù)摷倨谏睿话氵^去時(shí)） Unit 2 How often do you exercise?（談?wù)撋盍?xí)慣，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)） Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister（談?wù)撌挛飳Ρ龋?形容詞比較級） Unit 4 What's the best movie theater?（談?wù)撌挛锉容^，形容詞最高級） Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show?（談?wù)搩?nèi)心想法，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)） Unit6 I’m going to study computer science.(談?wù)勆畹哪繕?biāo)，一般將來時(shí)) Unit7 Will people have robots?(對將來生活的預(yù)言，一般將來時(shí)) Unit8 How do you make a banana milk shake?(描述進(jìn)程，祈使句) Unit9 Can you come to my party?(學(xué)習(xí)邀請，作出、接受和拒絕邀請，學(xué)習(xí)表請求的句子) Unit10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time.(作出決定，學(xué)習(xí)if的條件狀語從句) ①復(fù)習(xí)一般過去時(shí) ②復(fù)合不定代詞的用法 ③反身代詞的用法 ④系動詞的用法 ⑤動詞后的to do和doing 的區(qū)別 ⑥ed形容詞和ing形容詞的區(qū)別 ⑦“近義詞”的區(qū)別 ⑧本單元中的主謂一致現(xiàn)象 ⑨動詞過去式的構(gòu)成及不規(guī)則動詞表 ⑩用同義短語轉(zhuǎn)換同義句時(shí)謂語動詞形式一致性的培養(yǎng)。 ⑾感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)和連詞的選擇。 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation? 重點(diǎn)短語 1. go on vacation去度假 2.stay at home 待在家里 3.go to the mountains 去爬山 4. go to the beach 去海灘 5. visit museums 參觀博物館 6. go to summer camp 去參加夏令營 7.quite a few 相當(dāng)多 8.study for 為……而學(xué)習(xí) 9.go out 出去 10.most of the time 大部分時(shí)間 11. taste good 嘗起來很好吃 12.have a good time 玩得高興 13. of course 當(dāng)然 14.feel like 給……的感覺；感受到 15.go shopping 去購物 16.in the past 在過去 17. walk around 四處走走 18. because of 因?yàn)? 19. one bowl of… 一碗…… 20. the next day 第二天 21. drink tea 喝茶 22. find out 找出； 查明 23. go on 繼續(xù) 24.take photos 照相 25. something important 重要的事 26. up and down 上上下下 27. come up 出來 28. buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth. 為某人買某物 29. taste + adj. 嘗起來…… 30. look+adj. 看起來…… 31.nothing…but+動詞原形 除了……之外什么都沒有 32.seem+（to be）+ adj. 看起來…… 33. arrive in+大地點(diǎn) / arrive at+小地點(diǎn) 到達(dá)某地 34.decide to do sth. 決定去做某事 35. try doing sth. 嘗試做某事 / 36. try to do sth. 盡力去做某事 37. forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事/ 38. forget to do sth. 忘記做某事 39. enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事 40. want to do sth. 想去做某事 41. start doing sth. 開始做某事 42. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 43. dislike doing sth.不喜歡做某事 44. keep doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事 45. Why not do. sth.? 為什么不做……呢？ 46. so+adj.+that+從句 如此……以至于…… 47. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告訴某人（不要）做某事 48 .have a good time=enjoy oneself=have fun(doing sth.)玩得痛快 三、重點(diǎn)句子： 1. Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪兒度假的？ 2. Long time no see. 好久不見。 3. Did you go anywhere interesting? 你去有趣的地方了嗎？ 4. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax. 大多數(shù)時(shí)間我只呆在家里看書和放松。 5. Everything was excellent. 一切都很棒。 6. I bought something for my father. 我給我爸爸買了些東西。 7. How did you like it？ 你覺得它怎么樣？ 8. I arrived at Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family. 今天早晨我和家人到達(dá)馬來西亞檳城。 9. For lunch, we had something very special. 午飯我們吃了很特別的東西。 10. …but many of the old buildings are still there. ……但是許多舊的建筑物還在那里。 11. My father and I decided to go to Penang Hill today. 今天我和爸爸決定去檳城山。 12. And because of the bad weather , we couldn’t see anything below. 并且因?yàn)樵愀獾奶鞖?，我們看不見下面的任何東西。 語法： 復(fù)合不定代詞或副的構(gòu)成及用法 構(gòu)成：由some, any, no, every分別加上-body, -thing, -one構(gòu)成的不定代詞叫做合成不定代詞；加上-where構(gòu)成副詞。 用法： （1）合成不定代詞在句中可以作主語，賓語或表語等。 Nobody will listen to him. He wants something to eat. （2）不定代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。 There is nothing wrong with the TV. Everybody likes reading. （3）some-不定代詞，通常用于肯定句中； any-不定代詞則多用于否定句、疑問句中。 但some-可用于表請求、邀請、預(yù)料對方會作肯定回答時(shí)的疑問句中。 Someone is calling me. There isn’t anyone else there. Is anybody over there? Could you give me something to eat? （4）形容詞修飾不定代詞時(shí)，通常要放在不定代詞之后。 There is something delicious on the table. （5）somewhere, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere用作副詞。 Flowers come out everywhere. 注：① 形容詞修飾不定代詞要后置：anything special ② 不定代詞做主語時(shí)謂語用單數(shù). 鞏固練習(xí)： 用不定代詞或不定副詞填空： 1. I can’t hear anything = I can hear _________. 2. There is __________ on the floor. Please pick it up. 3. Did ________ go to play basketball with you ? 4. I phoned you last night, but ________ answered it. 5. Maybe __________ put my pencil _________. I can’t find it ___________. 單選 1. No one ________ how to do it. A.know B. knows C. knowing D. knew 2. Everything_____OK, isn’t it? A. was B. are C. and D. is 3. There’s________in the newspaper. You should read it. A. important something B. something boring C. boring something D. something important. arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family. (翻譯)___________________________________ arrive為不及物動詞，意為____, arrive in 到達(dá)+大地方（國家 省 市） arrive at 到達(dá)+小地方（機(jī)場 商店等) get to 到達(dá)+地方 reach 到達(dá)+地方 The Smiths_____ New York at 8:00 last night. A.arrived at B. got to C.reach D.arrived 2. so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel. (翻譯)_____________ 3. decide為及物動詞，意為決定，決心。決定做某事：____________. 4. My sister and I tried paragliding. （翻譯）____________________ try to do sth.意為______________; try doing sth.意為________________ We shouldn’t try _______(study) English, we should try ________(study) English. 5.I felt like I was a bird.(翻譯)_______ _________________________. feel like意為_____后常接_____.另外feel like還意為_____ Do you feel like a cup of tea? 6.I wonder what life was like here in the past.（翻譯）_____________ wonder為及物動詞，意為“想知道”，后常接疑問詞（who, what, why)引導(dǎo)的從句。 I wonder _____ you are doing.(我想知道你正在做什么。) 6.What a difference a day makes! 感嘆句，結(jié)構(gòu)為What +名詞+主語+謂語！ 補(bǔ)充：________________________________________________ 7. We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people. ________ 為等候 ,后接人或物。 ________為太多，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù); ________+不可數(shù)名詞（money）; ________為太…后接形容詞或副詞（big） 8 .My father didn’t bring enough money. Enough后可接________________，其形式分別為_________；_____________。 want to do sth. 想要做某事 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 would like to do sth. 想要做某事 (2) decide to do sth. 決定做某事 decide on 決定某事 課后練習(xí) 一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. I didn’t find ______ ( someone ) there. 2. Is there _______( something ) important in today’s newspaper? 3. Look! There is _______ ( anybody ) at home. The light is on. 4. Amy _______ ( meet ) a famous actor yesterday. 5. There _______ ( be ) forty-five students in our class last term. 6. Miss Green ________ ( come ) to China in 2008. 7. Little Tom _______ ( be ) here a moment ago. 8. She _________ ( buy ) a new bag yesterday. 二、單項(xiàng)選擇 ( )1. ----_____ you ______ to the movies？ ---- Yes, I did. A. Did went B. Did go C. Are went ( )2. ----- How was your weekend? ------ Great! We _______ a picnic in the park. A. have B. has C. had ( ) 3. Mrs Green with her little daughter _______ at home ______ that rainy night. A. was on B. were on C. was at ( ) 4. --- Who told you to clean the windows? ---Miss Wang ______ A. told B. did C. has told ( ) 5. ---- Do you always _______ to the zoo? ----- Yes, I ______ yesterday. A. go go B. go went C. went go ( ) 6. ---- ______ there any koalas in the zoo last year? ---- No, there ______. A. Are aren’t B. Were wasn’t C. Were weren’t ( ) 7.----- Did you go with ______? ------ Yes, I did. A. someone B. anyone C. somebody ( ) 8. ----- Did you buy ______ special? ----- No, I didn’t. A. something B. some things C. anything 三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1．Lucy played computer games yesterday. ( 改為一般疑問句 ) ______ Lucy _____ computer games yesterday? 2．We went to the Palace Museum. ( 對劃線部分提問 ) _______ ______ you ______? 3．There was someone here just now. （ 改為否定句 ） ___________________________________________ . 4．She played volleyball just now. （ 改為否定句 ） She _______ ________ 5．volleyball just now. They ate a lot of ice cream. ( 對劃線部分提問 ) ________ ________ they ________? 6．My vacation was pretty good. ( 對劃線部分提問 ) ________ _______ your vacation? Monday, July 15th I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family. It was sunny and hot, so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel. My sister and I tried paragliding. I felt like I was a bird. It was so exciting! For lunch, we had something very special—Malaysian yellow noodles. They were delicious! In the afternoon, we rode bicycles to Georgetown. There are a lot of new buildings now, but many of the old buildings are still there. In Weld Quay, a really old place in Georgetown, we saw the houses of the Chinese traders from 100 years ago. I wonder what life was like here in the past. I really enjoyed walking around the town. Tuesday, July 16th What a different a day makes! My father and I decided to go to Penang Hill today. We wanted to walk up to the top, but then it started raining a little so we decided to take the train. We waited over and hour for the train because there were too many people. When we got to the top, it was raining really hard. We didn’t have an umbrella so we were wet and cold. It was terrible. And because of the bad weather, we couldn’t see anything below. My father didn’t bring enough money, so we only had one bowl of rice and some fish. The food tasted great because I was so hungry! 不規(guī)則動詞過去式： am,is-was are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said give-gave get-got, go-went come-came have-had, eat-ate take-took run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made read-read, write-wrote draw-drew drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept buy-bought, swim-swam, sit-sat, bring--brought, can-could, cut-cut become-became, begin-began, draw-drew feel-felt find-found forget-forgot hear-heard keep-kept know-knew, learn-learnt（learned） leave-left, let-let, lose-lost, meet-met, read-read, sleep-slept, speak-spoke, take-took teach-taught , tell-told, wake-woke Unit2 How often do you exercise? 重點(diǎn)短語 such as例如；諸如 junk food n.垃圾食品；無營養(yǎng)食品 more than超過；多于；不僅僅；非常 less than不到；少于 help with housework 幫助做家務(wù) on weekends 在周末 how often 多久一次 hardly ever 幾乎從不 once a week 每周一次 twice a month 每月兩次 every day 每天 be free 有空 go to the movies 去看電影 use the Internet 用互聯(lián)網(wǎng) swing dance 搖擺舞 play tennis 打網(wǎng)球 stay up late 熬夜；睡得很晚 at least 至少 have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈課和鋼琴課 go to bed early 早點(diǎn)睡覺 play sports 進(jìn)行體育活動 be good for 對……有好處 go camping 去野營 not…at all 一點(diǎn)兒也不…… in one’s free time 在某人的業(yè)余時(shí)間 the most popular 最受歡迎的 such as 比如；諸如 old habits die hard 積習(xí)難改 go to the dentist 去看牙醫(yī) morn than 多于；超過 less than 少于 help sb. with sth. 幫助某人做某事 How about…? ......怎么樣？ want sb. to do sth. 想讓某人做某事 How many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+一般疑問句？ ……有多少……? spend time with sb. 和某人一起度過時(shí)光 It’s+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的……的。 ask sb. about sth. 向某人詢問某事 by doing sth. 通過做某事 What’s your favorite……? 你最喜愛的……是什么？ the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式 三．重點(diǎn)語法 (一) 重點(diǎn)句型 1.-----What do you usually do on weekends? -----I often go to the movies. (1) on weekends/on the weekend在周末 (2) go to the movies 去看電影 (3) 第一個do 助動詞 第二個do 實(shí)意動詞 2. hardly ever 幾乎從不 hardly ever 相當(dāng)于 hardly, ever起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。 hardly 為副詞，意為“幾乎不沒有）”，相當(dāng)于almost not，本身具有否定含義，不能再使用其他否定詞。 E.g. She hardly eats anything. 辨析: hardly 和hard hard作形容詞，意為“困難的，艱苦的，硬的”； hard作副詞，意為“努力地，猛烈地”。 hardly意為“幾乎不” (1) The ground is too to dig (2) I can understand them. (3) It's raining ,the people can go outside. 3. ----How often do you watch TV? ----Twice a week. (1) how often 意為“多久一次，多長時(shí)間一次”，用來提問頻率。 (2) twice a week 一周兩次 拓展: 一次 once 兩次 twice 三次或三次以上 基數(shù)詞+ times three times four times 4. What's your favorite program? = What program do you like best? 你最喜歡的節(jié)目是什么？ 5. How come?怎么回事？怎么會？ 表示某件事情很奇怪，有點(diǎn)想不通；可單獨(dú)使用，也可引導(dǎo)一個問句。相當(dāng)于疑問詞why。但how come 開頭的特殊疑問句使用的仍是陳述語序。 How come you didn't tell me about it? = Why you didn't tell me about it? 6. I go to the movies maybe once a month. 我也許一個月去看一次電影。 maybe 副詞，意為“或許，大概，可能”，常位于句首。 E.g. Maybe he knows the way to the park. 辨析：maybe 與 may be maybe副詞，作狀語，意為“或許，大概，可能”，常位于句首。 may be 屬于“情態(tài)動詞+be 動詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“可能是”。 (1) The baby is crying she is hungry. (2) The woman a teacher . 7. Last month we asked our students about their free time activities. ask ab. about sth. 詢問某人某事 8. We all know that many students often go online, but we were surprised that ninety percent of them use the Internet every day. The other ten percent use it at least three or four times a week. 我們都知道許多學(xué)生經(jīng)常上網(wǎng)，但是讓我們感到驚訝的是90%的學(xué)生每天都上網(wǎng)，而另外10%的學(xué)生一周至少上網(wǎng)達(dá)三至四次。 (1) other: adj. 其他的+名詞 the other: adj. 其他的+名詞(在特定的范圍內(nèi)) one?the other? 一個??另一個 E.g. One of them is blue，the other ones are purple. 它們的其中一個是藍(lán)色的，其他的是紫色的。 others: 其他的東西 the others: 其他的東西(在特定的范圍內(nèi)) E.g. One of the children likes reading，the others like singing. 后句可替換為the other students like singing. (2) at least 至少 at most 最多，至多 E.g. I have ten yuan in my pocket at most. 9. Most students use it for fun and not for homework. 大多數(shù)學(xué)生上網(wǎng)是為了娛樂而不是為了寫家庭作業(yè)。 10. The answers to our questions about watching television were also interesting. 關(guān)于看電視的調(diào)查結(jié)果也十分的有趣。 the answers to our questions 問題的答案 dance to the music 和著音樂的節(jié)奏跳舞 key to the lock 這把鎖的鑰匙 11. Although many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular. 盡管許多學(xué)生喜歡看體育節(jié)目，但是娛樂節(jié)目是最流行的。 12. It is good to relax by using the Internet of watching game shows, but we think the best way to relax is through exercise. 通過使用因特網(wǎng)看娛樂節(jié)目來放松很不錯，但是我們認(rèn)為最好的放松方式是通過鍛煉來放松。 (1) It’s +adj.+to do sth 做某事??的 E.g. It’s very easy to learn English well. (2) by doing sth. 通過做某事 (3) the best way to do sth. is做某事的最好方式 13. It is healthy for the mind and the body. 這有益于身心健康。 stay healthy = keep healthy = keep in good health 保持健康 14. Old habits die hard. 舊習(xí)難改。 (二)語法知識: 頻度副詞 1. 頻度副詞的含義 (1) 表示次數(shù)、頻率的副詞稱為頻度副詞。 常用的頻度副詞按高低依次為 always > usually > sometimes > seldom > hadly ever > never 100% 80% 60% 30% 10% 0% (2) 表示具體的頻率、次數(shù)時(shí)，一次用once，兩次用twice，三次或三次以上用“基數(shù)詞+times”表示: three times, four times, six times 2. 頻度副詞在句中的位置 (1 )頻度副詞一般在實(shí)意動詞之前，be 動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞之后 E.g. We never eat junk food. Lucy is sometimes very busy. I can hardly say a word. (2)有些頻度副詞也可位于句首，但表示不同含義 sometimes 常位于句首，和位于句中區(qū)別不大。 E.g. Sometimes Jack plays computer games. often 用于句首時(shí)，通常表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，且其前一般有quite，very 修飾 E.g.Very often he goes online. Usually 也可位于句首，其前不用修飾語。 E.g. Usually my father goes up early. Always 一般不用于句首，但可以用在祈使句中。 E.g. Always remember this. 3. 對頻度副詞提問時(shí)，用how often E.g. ---How often do you go to the movies? ---Once a month Unit3 I'm more outgoing than my sister. 重點(diǎn)短語 . more outgoing 更外向 as…as… 與……一樣…… the singing competition 唱歌比賽 be similar to 與……相像的/類似的 the same as 和……相同；與……一致 be different from 與……不同 care about 關(guān)心；介意 be like a mirror 像一面鏡子 the most important 最重要的 as long as 只要；既然 bring out 使顯現(xiàn)；使表現(xiàn)出 get better grades 取得更好的成績 reach for 伸手取 in fact 事實(shí)上；實(shí)際上 make friends 交朋友 the other 其他的 touch one’s heart 感動某人 be talented in music 有音樂天賦 be good at 擅長…… be good with 善于與……相處 have fun doing sth. 享受做某事的樂趣 be good at doing sth 擅長做某事 make sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事 want to do sth. 想要做某事 as+adj./adv.的原級+as 與……一樣…… It’s+ adj.+for sb. to do sth. 對某人來說，做某事……的。 三．重點(diǎn)語法 (一) 重點(diǎn)句型 1. Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom. 薩姆和湯姆都會打鼓，但是薩姆比湯姆打得要好一些。 both (1) 表示“兩者都”， both用在含有be動詞的句中，應(yīng)放在be動詞的后面；用在含有行為動詞的句中，應(yīng)放在行為動詞的前面， (2) both…and…表示“兩者都”，both...and在句中連接并列成分，如主語、謂語、表語、賓語等，位置比較靈活。 E.g. Both New York and London have traffic problems. (連接主語) The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.(連接謂語) 【考例】My parents ________ doctors. A. both are B. all are C. are all D. are both 拓展：all表示“三者或三者以上全都”的意思， every指三個以上的人或物(含三個)， each指兩個以上的人或物(含兩個)。 練習(xí)：用all,both,every,each填空 1) My brothers and I are ________l at school. 2) ________ student may have one book. 3) ________Tom and Jim are my good friends. 4) Three students are flying kites,they are________ in Class 1. Tara works as hard as Tina. 塔拉學(xué)習(xí)和蒂娜一樣努力。 as...as意為“與……一樣……”，as...as中間接形容詞或副詞的原級。 其否定結(jié)構(gòu)not as/so...as意為“不如……”。 E.g. He is as tall as his father. 他和他爸爸一樣高。 Tom gets up as early as Jim. 湯姆起得和吉姆一樣早。 Lucy isn’t as outgoing as Mary. 露西不如瑪麗外向。 注意：(1) 其否定式為not as/so +adj./adv. +as。 E.g. This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think. (2) 若有修飾成分，如twice, three times, half, a quarter等，則須置于第一個as之前。 E.g. Your bag is twice as expensive as mine. 你的包比我的貴一倍。 3. You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though. 不過，你能看得出來，麗薩確實(shí)想贏。 win此處用作不及物動詞，意為“贏；獲勝”； win還可用作及物動詞，意為“贏得；在……中獲勝”，此時(shí)其后的賓語為比賽的項(xiàng)目、獎品或戰(zhàn)爭等。 E.g. He won the first prize. Who won the race？ 辨析：win與beat win表示“贏得；獲勝”，用作及物動詞時(shí)，其賓語為比賽的項(xiàng)目、獎品或戰(zhàn)爭等。 E.g. We won the basketball game. ② beat表示“打贏；戰(zhàn)勝”，用于比賽時(shí)，其賓語為所戰(zhàn)勝的對手。 E.g. Li Lei beat all the runners in the 100-metre race. (2) though此處作副詞，意為“不過；可是；然而”，通常用于句末，前面用逗號與句子隔開。 E.g. Jim said that he would come; he didn’t, though. 拓展：though作連詞，意為“雖然；盡管”，相當(dāng)于although。 E.g. Though he has no money, he lives very happily. 注意：although/though與but不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個句子中。 E.g. Though he has no money, he lives very happily. =He has no money, but he lives very happily. But the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun. 但是最重要的是學(xué)到一些新東西并獲得樂趣。 the most important意為“最重要的”，是important的最高級形式。 important的比較級為more important，形容詞的最高級形式前必須有定冠詞the。 E.g. I think English is the most important of all the subjects. The most important thing is to work hard. (2) have fun意為“獲得樂趣；玩得高興”。 E.g. It’s a good place to have fun. 拓展：have fun doing sth.意為“做某事很有趣”。 E.g. Did you have fun visiting that country？ 5. ....truly cares about me... care about 關(guān)心，在意 take care當(dāng)心 take care of 照顧 練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~組填空 1) Your mother truly____________you. 2) He has to ____________ his sister. 3) ____________ not to fall into the river. 6. I think a good friend makes me laugh. 我認(rèn)為好朋友會讓我發(fā)笑。 (1) make sb. do sth.意為“讓某人做某事” E.g. His father always makes him get up before five o’clock. 拓展：make的用法： ① make加名詞make food 做飯 make the bed 鋪床 make money 賺錢 ② make + sb./sth. + adj. 使某人感到……；使…