Lesson 30 Football or polo? 足球還是水球？ What happened to the man in the boat?The Wayle is a small river that cuts across the park near my home. I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons. It was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bank as usual. Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it went towards a passing boat. Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat, but he did not hear them. The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water. I turned to look at the children, but there weren't any in sight: they had all run away! The man laughed when he realized what had happened. He called out to the children and threw the ball back to the bank.參照譯文 威爾河是橫穿過我家附近公園的一條小河。我喜歡在天氣晴朗的下午到河邊坐坐。上星期日天氣很暖和。于是我和往常同樣，又去河邊坐著。河岸上有些孩子正在玩耍，河面上有人正在劃船。忽然，一種孩子狠狠地踢了一腳球，球便向著一只劃過來的小船飛去。岸上的某些人對著小船上的人高喊，但她沒有聽見。球重重地打在她身上，使她差點兒落入水中。我轉(zhuǎn)過頭去看那些孩子，但一種也不見，全都跑了！當那個人明白了發(fā)生的事情時，笑了起來。她大聲叫著那些孩子，把球扔回到岸上。 【New words and expressions】（7）1 polo'pulu n.水球2 cutkt v.穿過3 rowru, rou v.劃(船)4 kickkik v.踢5 towardst'w:dz prep.朝，向6 nearly 'nili ad.幾乎7 sightsait n.眼界，視域一單詞解說：polo馬球 （四人一組騎在立即對打木球的比賽）水球water poloWayle n. 威爾（河名）Cut vt. 切，割，剪，劃，砍cut-cut-cut例: She cut her finger on a piece of broken glass.她在一塊碎玻璃上劃傷自己的手指。cut the apple into halves 把蘋果切成兩半cut the apple into thirds 把蘋果切成三半cut恤e apple into quarters 把蘋果切成四半His cruel remarks cut her deeply.她殘酷的評論傷透了她的心.cut的有關(guān)短語：cut class 曠課cut across/cut through 穿過 （尤指抄近道）例: I usually cut across the park on my way home.I usually cut through the park on my way home.我回家的路上總是穿過那個公園。cut down砍到（樹木） 減少量例: The apple tree was dead and he cut it down.這個蘋果樹死了，她把樹砍倒了。The car industry cut down production.汽車工業(yè)減少了產(chǎn)量。cut down the expenses減少開支chop 劈slit 切割開gash 砍進（割一條長而深的缺口）slice 切成薄片carve 雕刻dice 切成小方塊tear 扯破trim 修剪row1) n. 一排，一列， 一行，成排的座位例: The boy was sitting in the first row.這個小男孩坐在第一排。Would you arrange the chairs in five rows?你把椅子排成五排嗎？in a row排成一排持續(xù)的例: Children were standing hand in hand in a row.孩子們手拉手的站成一排。He has been absent for 5 years in a row.她已經(jīng)持續(xù)五天缺席了。a hard row to hoe（v. 用耕鋤耕地） 艱苦的生活row 橫行l(wèi)ine豎排file一縱隊（排的很整潔）2)V. 劃船例：Can you row a boat? 你會劃船嗎？They rowed across the rive。 她們劃過了這條河。3)n劃船運動go for a row去劃船go for a walk去散步4)劃船；一排（列）row(rau爭執(zhí)row v. row with sb 與.爭執(zhí)n. 例：What' s the row about? 究竟在吵什么呢？make a rowkick up a row起哄，大吵大鬧kick1)v. 踢kick sb /sth with the foot 踢例: Mummy, Dick kicked me on the leg!媽媽，Dick踢我的腿。（Tom， Dick， Harry人的名字）kick the ball踢kick a hole in the door在門上踢了一種洞Be careful of that horse-it often kicks.小心這匹馬，它常踢人。(idiom) Kick a man when he is down. 落井下石2) vt.虐待，欺負例: The boy is always kicking his younger brother about.這個小男孩總是欺負她弟弟。kick腳踢punch 拳打toward (s) prep.朝方向?qū)Γū黻P(guān)系），接近（表時間），有.趨勢例：He walked towards the door. 她朝門走過來。His attitude towards me has changed.她對我的態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變了。Towards the end of the game she fell asleep.臨近比賽結(jié)束時，她睡著了。There is a tendency towards inflation. 有通貨膨脹的趨勢。towards只能表達朝著目的移動（強調(diào)越來越近）例：We drove towards Miami. 我們開車去邁阿密。to具有達到的含義例：We drove to Miami. 我們開車到了邁阿密。nearly adv. 大概，接近，差不多例：It's nearly 2 o'clock. 大概兩點了。That car nearly ran over a dog.那輛車差點撞到一條狗。almost與nearly最接近，但almost可與nobody， nothing，nowhere， never連用nearly則不能。approximately/ about在超過或沒有超過某原則的兩種狀況下，均可使用，但almost，nearly用于接近單位達到某原則的狀況。例: It cost approximately 300, I can't remember exactIY.大概花了300美元我記不太清了。sight n. 1)視力，視覺lose one's sight 失明 (become blind)far-sighted 遠視near-sighted 近視short-sighted 目光短淺的long-sighted 目光長遠的例：Out of sight，Out of mind. 眼不見，心不煩。at the sight of 看至到 (seeing)We laughed at the sight of her strange clothes.我們一見她的奇裝異服就笑了。He fell in love with the girl at the first sight.她對那女孩子一見鐘情。2)視界，視野in sight 在視野之內(nèi)out of sight 在視野之外例：The train is still in sight. 火車還看得見。Get out of my sight. 滾開! (Get out!)Get out of here!Get away from here!二、核心句型Key Structuressome /any的用法。1)兩者都可以表達不定量的代詞，相稱于“一止暨”，可修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑問句，否認句或條件從句。例: There are some scenic spots around the city.在這個都市周邊有些風景優(yōu)美的地方。Let's get some fruit for the children.給孩子們買些水果吧。Do you need any reference books? 你需要某些參照書嗎？They haven' t put forward any concrete proposals.她們還沒有提出某些明確的建議。If you find any new words in it, mark them out.如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)那些生詞的話，把它們標出來。2)有些疑問句表達祈求，建議，反問等，這時多用some而不用any；例： Would you mind buying me some aspirin?你為我買些阿司匹林好嗎？Aren' t there some stamps in that drawer?抽屜里面有郵票嗎？3) some和any還可以用來修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，這時some表達“某一種“any表達”任何一種“隨便哪一種”。例：You will regret it someday. 總有一天你會懊悔的。You can get it in any department store.你在任何一種百貨商店都可以買到。冠詞the的用法1)在人名和地名前不加冠詞a或the例: John lives in England. He has a house in London.2)在海洋，河流，山脈前，一定要用定冠詞the例: Who was the first person to sail across the Pacific?誰是第一種橫渡太平洋的人呢？It can get rough in the Mediterranean (地中海）。地中海也許很不安靜cMany great cities are built on rivers: Paris is on the Seine, London is on the Thames and Rome is on the Tiber.諸多大都市建在河岸上，巴黎在桑納河上，倫敦在泰晤士河上，羅馬在地波河上。I know a man who has been on climbing expeditions in many parts of the world. He has climbed in the Alps, the Himalayas, and the Rocky Mountains.我結(jié)識一種參與過世界各地登山探險的人，她曾攀登過阿爾卑斯山脈，喜馬拉雅山山脈以及落基山。3)由一般名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前加the。America-the Unite States of AmericaChina- the People' s Republic of Chinathe Great Wall , the Summer Palace, the Forbidden City4)表達特定的或上文提到過的事物（或雙方都明了的事物）前加the。例：工am interested in the film. 我對這部電影感愛好。Pass me the slippers please. 請把拖鞋遞給我。5)世界上獨一無二的事物前加thethe earth the moon the sun6)在序數(shù)詞或形容詞的高檔前加thethe second storey二層樓the largest room最大的房間7)在方位詞前面加theon the lefton the rightin the eastin the west8)在表達時間的某些固定短語前加thein the morning in the afternoonin the evening in the day time9)the放在形容詞前表一類人the poor the rich the old the young the sick the new the blind10) 在姓氏復數(shù)形式前，表達一家人或夫婦倆。the Whites; the Browns; the Tuners11)在樂器前加thethe piano; the guitar; the saxophone12)表世紀的某個年代in the 1980' s13)在發(fā)明物的前加the例: The telephone was invented by Bell.電話是由貝爾發(fā)明的。The' compass was invented in China. 指南針是中國發(fā)明的不加冠詞的時候：1)專有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞，人名，地名前不加冠詞，China London America Smith Art matter2)季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐，前不加冠詞March May National' s day ValentineChildren' s day Supper Spring Saturday3)學科名稱，球類，棋類名詞前不加冠詞mathematics politics football basketball chessExercise： 1. 用some和any填空l)Is there _ hope of our fulfilling the plan?2)My mother bought _ sweets for me.3)1f I can spare _ money , I' II buy a dictionary.4)Would you like _ beer?5)Come _ day you like.6) You will realize your dream _ day.答案: any some any some any some2、在必要地方填上冠詞a或thel) _ refrigerators are necessary in hot countries.2) Which river is _ longest, _ Nile, _ Amazon, or Mississippi?3) Heyerdahl crosses _ Pacific on _ raft.4) Why is _ Britain sometimes called United Kingdom?5) We sailed up _ Red Sea and then went through _ Suez Canal答案：1）不填2）the the the the 3）the a 4） 不填the 5)the the 三、課文解說TextThe Wayle is a small river that cuts across the park near my home.定語從句that/which修飾物的關(guān)系代詞ear adj. /prep在附近，表達模糊的“近“的意思，也許尚有相稱一段距離。close表達可接觸的范疇內(nèi)的by在的旁邊在的近旁nearby1)adj. 附近的a nearby town/a town nearby附近的村莊2)adv. 附近地例：my parents live nearby. 我的父媽媽住在附近。I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons.on fine afternoonsafternoons表達每當下我都會。to，表一般規(guī)律，用一般目前時。in the afternoonon fine afternoonson the afternoon of July the fourthIt was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bank as usual.as usual 像平常同樣than usual 比平常as before 像此前than before 比此前Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river.用過去進行時描述故事背景rowing目前分詞表隨著狀語Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it went towards a passing boat, but he did not hear them.call out to sb(for sth) 大聲喊叫（己引起別人的注意）The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water.strikestrike-struck-struckSO + adj/adv.+ that 如此.以至于例: He was so ill that we had to send for a doctor.她病得如此重以至于我們請大夫去。She was so angry that she couldn't speak.她如此的氣憤以至于說不出話來。You speak so fast that I can' t follow you.你講的如此快以至于我都跟不上你了。I am so nervous that I don' t know what to say.I turned to look at the children ,but there weren't any in sight: they had all run away!there weren't any in sight 一種也看不見了The man laughed when he realized what happened.when引導時間狀語從句I'm cooking dinner when they came home.當她們到家時我正在做飯。When you are in trouble, visit this man.當你有困難時，找這個男人laugh 大聲地笑出聲地笑smile 微笑grin 露齒而笑 chuckle 低聲輕笑 sneer 譏笑 giggle 咯咯地笑happen 表達偶爾事件發(fā)生（無被動）He called out to the children and threw the ball back to the bank.call out to sb對大聲喊叫四、練習 Exercises1. Why did they kick the ball so _?A. hardly B. hard C. hardy D hardily分析：B. 可以作形容詞和副詞，作副詞表達“用力地”，符合題意A. 幾乎不，不符合題意；C. 是個形容詞表達強健的，不能修飾動詞； D. 大膽地，剛毅地，不符合題意2. The ball _ him very hard.A. knocked at B. beat C. bounced D. hit分析：A. 敲打，敲出聲音；B. 打，敲，表達持續(xù)地，有規(guī)律地敲打； C. 指球彈起，彈跳；D. 打，打擊，強調(diào)打中的概念。3. They had run away, so they had_.A. dismissed B. disturbed C. displaced D. disappeared分析：A. 解散，開除B. 阻礙，打擾；C. 使脫離正常位置：D. 消失，不見。4. The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at _ chemist's. A. each B. some C. certain D. any分析：any強調(diào)“任何一種”；each強調(diào)“每一種”；some和certain都表達“某一種”語意不符。六、補充內(nèi)容諺語1. All is not gold that glitters. All that glitters is not gold. 外表可以困惑人；不要根據(jù)美麗的外表來判斷事物；發(fā)光的未必都是金子。2. All is well that ends well成果好就一切都好。