圓學子夢想 鑄金字品牌溫馨提示： 此套題為Word版，請按住Ctrl,滑動鼠標滾軸，調(diào)節(jié)合適的觀看比例，答案解析附后。關閉Word文檔返回原板塊。課時提升作業(yè)(二十二)必修4Module 4. 閱讀理解A Any child who has played with blocks knows why theyre so useful. Kids can build almost anything from thema plane, a castle, even a race car. And if one part of a creation comes apart or breaks, the builder doesnt have to start from scratch. He can just replace the missing blocks. And whats true for kids play is also true for adult projects. Scientists have just created a new type that resembles the letter X. These pieces are small and lightweight yet strong. And theyre inexpensive. One day they may be fixed into bikes, bridges, planes or buildings. Just as with toy blocks, if one piece breaks, engineers can swap it out without scrapping the whole project. “When you read about this invention, ”Rainer Adelung said, “you think: Why hasnt anyone done this before?”The material used in the new X blocks is often called, simply, a composite. Engineers took carbon fibers, each thinner than a human hair, and wove them into a hard plastic substance. Recently, the company Sprint Aero Systems approached Materials scientists Cheung and Gershenfeld for help. It wanted some basic, big composite piece for an airplane. Cheung doubted whether this was a good idea. If one part of the big piece broke, the problem might spread, leading to a more disastrous breakup of the material. Instead, his team at MIT decided to create smaller composite pieces. They imagined an airplane built from millions of identical blocksthe new X blocks. In the lab, he connected the blocks to make triangular pyramids. Then, he connected the pyramids to create a cube about 20 centimeters across. The cube weighed only as much as an egg, but supported more than about 295 kilograms before crushing. Because the new X blocks are so light, however, he does find them exciting. One reason: “Weight is a huge, huge concern”for cars and planes, he explains. It determines how much fuel they will use. 【文章大意】本文主要介紹了科學家們發(fā)明的一種新的類似積木的東西, 這種東西強度很高, 并且非常廉價, 體積很小, 但是可以很方便地造成其他東西。1. The first paragraph describes the blocks character of. A. amusementB. effectivenessC. popularityD. convenience【解析】選D。細節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合第一段的Any child. . . also true for adult projects. 可知, 孩子們玩的積木可以更換, 可以建造任何形狀的東西等, 說明了積木的方便性。2. How did Rainer find the idea of X blocks?A. Fascinating. B. Confusing. C. Challenging. D. Discouraging. 【解析】選A。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“When you read about this invention, ”Rainer Adelung said, “you think: Why hasnt anyone done this before?”可知, 他認為為什么這種發(fā)明不早點呢, 是對這種發(fā)明的一種贊美, 故選A。3. Why did Cheung make smaller composite pieces?A. To make composite pieces cheap. B. To prevent blocks falling apart. C. To strengthen the composite blocks. D. To produce the blocks in the same shape. 【解析】選B。細節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合第五段的最后一句話If one part of the big piece broke, the problem might spread, leading to a more disastrous breakup of the material. 和第六段的Instead. . . the new X blocks. 可知, 他把這些東西做成很小的東西, 是防止它們散架, 故選B。4. According to the passage, using the new X blocks. A. people wont worry about the fuel problemB. people wont care about the weight of vehiclesC. people can save more money by using less fuelD. people dont need denser construction materials【解析】選C。細節(jié)理解題。從最后一段的“Weight is a huge, huge concern”for cars and planes, he explains. It determines how much fuel they will use. 可知, 重的東西耗油多, 因為這個東西比較輕, 可以節(jié)省油料的使用, 故選C。BRecreational tree climbing is taking root in the eco-tourism industry, and its sending guys like Tim Kovar to far off reaches of the globe. Kovar, a tree-climbing instructor, recently returned to the U. S. from Brazil, where he spent time developing a tree-climbing operation thanks to the“slow travel”movement. Slow travel, is like the slow food movement, the practice of giving fast food in favor of homegrown cookingthe kind that takes hours to prepare and enjoy. Likewise, slow travel urges visitors to experience a places natural surroundings and learn about the ecology in a way not afforded by extreme games. “Tree climbing is a slow activity, ”says Kovar. “Its not something you do quickly and then youre on to the next thing or event. ”There is no such thing as a quick climb, especially for beginners. This wasnt a race against the clock or the fellow climbers. In fact, tree climbing is unlikely to ever become a feature of the extreme games. Many climbers refuse competition. There has already been so much competition in the world. “When you stand below the tree, it can be amazing, ”Rusel DeMaria says, looking affectionately up at Michaels Triumph, a 150-foot-tall tree. But reaching the treetop, he adds, is an entirely different feeling. Likewise, his wife, Viola Brumbaugh, kneels on the ground and asks Michaels Triumph for permission to climb. “It goes a lot smoother that way, ”she says. And climbing has been included into many educational programs. New Tribe offers guided climbs through its school, Tree Climbing Northwest, where“we teach enough tree biology and forest ecology to raise awareness in our students, ”says New Tribe president Sophis Sparks. “We know that the tree climbing experience deepens personal appreciation for trees. After climbing, people value trees more and are motivated to support preservation. This is not just to preserve their playground. ”Perhaps that is why he struggles with the term“recreational tree climbing, ”saying, “I prefer to call it inspirational tree climbing. ”【文章大意】爬樹已經(jīng)成為生態(tài)旅游的一種形式, 它不但給人們帶來了樂趣, 而且還提高了人們保護樹木的意識。5. What do slow travel and the slow food movement have in common?A. They take people a long time. B. They are related to the eco-tourism industry. C. They advocate protecting nature. D. They cost people little money. 【解析】選A。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段. . . the kind that takes hours to prepare and enjoy可知, 答案為A。6. What do we know about tree climbing from the passage?A. People compete to see who can climb to the top first. B. It favors the experience of enjoying nature. C. It is a kind of extreme sport and needs a lot of effort. D. People view it as a challenge to climb the tallest tree in a forest. 【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Likewise, slow travel urges visitors to. . . not afforded by extreme games可推斷, 答案為B。7. Brumbaugh kneels on the ground before climbing trees to. A. beg for the safety of climbingB. expect to climb faster than her husbandC. show respect for the treeD. ask for permission of her husband【解析】選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段. . . Michaels Triumph, a 150-foot-tall tree和Viola Brumbaugh, kneels on the ground and asks Michaels Triumph for permission to climb可知, 答案為C。8. Sophia Sparks prefers the term“inspirational tree climbing”because it. A. provides people with more chances to play outsideB. brings a lot of pleasure to lifeC. deepens personal love between each otherD. makes people realize they should protect trees【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段After climbing, people value trees more and are motivated to support preservation. 可推斷, 答案為D。. 閱讀第二節(jié)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容, 從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。(2014·太原模擬)About ten percent of spending on primary and secondary education in the United States comes from the federal(聯(lián)邦制的)government. 1States have been required to show progress through yearly testing. But states say testing tells only part of the story about efforts by schools and students to improve. So the Obama administration has eased the limits on states in measuring performance. 2This new measurement tool is called the Colorado Growth Model. The idea is to show academic growth, not just achievement on tests. It combines test scores, family income levels, school size, the ethnicity of the student and many other factors. 3The graph shows a schools average score on standardized tests as well as its academic growth. On average, students enter sixth grade at West Denver Prep performing below grade level. 4 The new assessment method shows that, each year, the average West Denver Prep student learns more math than ninety-four percent of all the students in Colorado. 5 Josh Smith says perhaps the most important thing they should learn is to believe in themselves. A. The results from schools across the state are shown online on a graph. B. Reading and writing scores also show growth. C. For ten years now, federal law has tied this spending to student performance. D. Therefore, the government feels it a great pressure. E. But three years later, most are outperforming other students across the state. F. However, the limits dont work at all. G. The western state of Colorado, for example, has a new assessment method. 答案: 15. CGAEB關閉Word文檔返回原板塊- 7 -