第四課時(shí) 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),1.Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _， get married, and have kids.(2017天津卷),A.settled down B.keep off C.get up D.cut in 答案 A 句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他們的女兒安頓下來(lái)，結(jié)婚生子。A.安頓下來(lái)；B.遠(yuǎn)離；C起床；D.插嘴。根據(jù)句意，故選A。,感 悟 高 考,2. A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help _ your year ahead.(2017江蘇卷),A.shape B.switch C.stretch D.sharpen 答案 A A.shape塑造，決定的形成，影響的發(fā)展；B.switch轉(zhuǎn)變，交換，調(diào)班；C.stretch拉長(zhǎng)，拉緊，伸展，伸長(zhǎng)，延伸消耗；D.sharpen提高，使尖銳，變得清晰。句意：快速回顧一年的成敗將會(huì)決定來(lái)年的發(fā)展。故選A。,3.Working with the medical team in Africa has _ the best in her as a doctor.(2017江蘇卷),A.held out B.brought out C.picked out D.given out 答案 B held out堅(jiān)持；提供機(jī)會(huì)；伸出手；brought out使顯現(xiàn)，闡明，出版；picked out使容易看見(jiàn)，找出精心挑選，認(rèn)出來(lái)；given out用完，停止運(yùn)行，分發(fā)，發(fā)出，公布。句意：在非洲同醫(yī)療隊(duì)一起工作已經(jīng)使她表現(xiàn)出了作為醫(yī)生最好的一面。這里取“使顯現(xiàn)”之意，故選B。,4.Parents should actively urge their children to _ the opportunity to join sports teams.(2016江蘇卷),A.gain admission to B.keep track of C.take advantage of D.give rise to 答案 C 句意：父母應(yīng)該積極地督促孩子利用加入體育隊(duì)的機(jī)會(huì)。C項(xiàng)take advantage of意為“利用”，符合語(yǔ)境。gain admission to進(jìn)入；keep track of記錄，與保持聯(lián)系；give rise to使發(fā)生。,5.He did not _ easily，but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.(2016江蘇卷),A.approach B.wrestle Cpromise Dmunicate 答案 C 句意：他不會(huì)輕易妥協(xié)，但樂(lè)意接受對(duì)一項(xiàng)崇高事業(yè)的任何建設(shè)性意見(jiàn)。C項(xiàng)promise意為“妥協(xié)”，符合語(yǔ)境。approach接近，靠近；wrestle摔跤，扭打；municate溝通，交流。,要 點(diǎn) 精 析,一、動(dòng)詞詞義辨析,動(dòng)詞包括連系動(dòng)詞、及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞、持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，是高考考查的重點(diǎn)，無(wú)論是單項(xiàng)填空還是完形填空等題型中，動(dòng)詞辨析的比重都很大，并有逐年增加的趨勢(shì)。動(dòng)詞辨析主要指：,1.詞形相近的動(dòng)詞之間的辨析。如：lie，lay；rise，raise；sit，seat等。 2.意義相近的動(dòng)詞之間的辨析。如：borrow，lend；speak，say，talk；hope，wish等。 3.動(dòng)詞與其他詞形相近、意義相似的詞的辨析。如：advise，advice；cost，worth；pass，past等。 4.意義不同但容易混淆的動(dòng)詞的辨析。如：explain，say；discover，invent；uncover，find等。 5.某些常用動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣用法的辨析。如：ask，give，call，make，get，keep，want，see，hear等。 6.某些常用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨析。如：give in，give up；turn on，turn off，turn down，turn up等。,二、易混動(dòng)詞的辨析 1.lay(放)，lie(躺)與lie(說(shuō)謊)，這三個(gè)易混動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成見(jiàn)下表：,2.rise和raise：rise是不及物動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去式是rose，過(guò)去分詞是risen，而raise是及物動(dòng)詞，是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。 3.hang的用法：hang有兩個(gè)意思：一為“懸掛”，是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞都是hung；二為“絞刑”，是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞都是hanged。 4.sit與seat：seat為及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)作“容納”講，sit只是表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作；seat表示“就座”時(shí)要用be seated或用seat oneself。如：They were seated at their desks.或I seated myself in the armchair.,5.win與beat：win作“勝、贏”講時(shí)其后應(yīng)接a game，an argument，a battle，a prize，a contest，a race，a bet等，但不能接人，如果接人則有另外的含義。如：I have won him.即“我已說(shuō)服他了，我贏得了他的好感。”而beat是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“擊敗、勝過(guò)”，直接接人、物。 6.lost，gone與missing：作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)意為“丟失、不見(jiàn)了”，可以用lost，gone，但不能用missed，而要用missing。,三、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析,短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是由動(dòng)詞與介詞、名詞或副詞結(jié)合在一起而組成的。有些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，有些則相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞。,1.動(dòng)詞副詞,break down 壞掉；分解；垮下來(lái) break up 打碎；分解；分手 bring down 使降低，使下降 e out 出現(xiàn)，出版，結(jié)果是 cut down 砍倒；削減 get over 克服,make out 辨認(rèn)出 put away 收起；儲(chǔ)存 set aside 拔出；置于一旁 set off 出發(fā)，引爆 take off 起飛，騰飛；脫掉 take over 接管 turn out 結(jié)果是，證明是 turn down 拒絕，把音量開(kāi)小 work out 解出，進(jìn)展順利，鍛煉身體 figure out 弄清，搞明白,Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their life journey. 傳統(tǒng)上，大學(xué)生在開(kāi)始他們的人生旅途之前會(huì)舉行畢業(yè)典禮來(lái)鼓勵(lì)自己。 Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters. 無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)在災(zāi)難中癱瘓的時(shí)候，老式電話起到重要作用。 名師點(diǎn)津 “動(dòng)詞副詞”搭配構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，其賓語(yǔ)若為代詞，應(yīng)放在動(dòng)詞與副詞中間。如put it on, think it over。,2.動(dòng)詞介詞,break into 破門而入 believe in 信任 begin with 以開(kāi)始 e across 偶然碰到 depend on 依靠 go through 從穿過(guò) see to 處理 e to 共計(jì) look into 調(diào)查,set about 著手做 bring about 引起，導(dǎo)致 agree with 同意，適合 Im so glad youve e here to see to this matter in person. 我很高興你親自來(lái)這里處理此事。 You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must agree with you, I suppose. 你氣色很好，我想三亞的空氣和海鮮肯定適合你。,3.動(dòng)詞副詞介詞,add up to 加起來(lái)；總共 break away from 躲開(kāi)；脫離 catch up with 趕上；超過(guò) do away with 廢除 go in for 從事；參加 put up with 忍受，容忍 get along (on) with 與相處；進(jìn)展 keep out of 使不進(jìn)入 look forward to 盼望,live up to 達(dá)到；不辜負(fù) get down to 著手做 e up with 想出，提出 look up to 尊敬 get across to 使明白，使清楚 He will have to find some other work, for he cant put up with this loud noise any more. 他必須找其他工作，因?yàn)樗僖矡o(wú)法忍受這么大的噪音。 A good speaker is supposed to manage to get across to the listeners what he means. 一個(gè)好的演講者應(yīng)該讓聽(tīng)眾明白他所表達(dá)的含義。,4.動(dòng)詞名詞介詞,catch sight of 突然發(fā)現(xiàn) make use of 利用 pay attention to 注意 take notice of 注意到 take the place of 代替 take part in 參加 take pride in 為自豪 make sense of 理解,take advantage of 利用 make room for 為騰出空間 keep up with 與保持聯(lián)系 James took the magazines off the little table to make room for the television.(2010天津卷) 為給電視機(jī)騰出空間，吉姆把雜志從這張小桌子上拿走了。,解 題 策 略,1.詞義辨別法,英語(yǔ)中有許多動(dòng)詞，它們之間既有相同之處又有細(xì)微區(qū)別，很多動(dòng)詞還一詞多義。正確分辨其差異是解題之關(guān)鍵，然后根據(jù)句意敲定答案。 (1)The new movie_ to be one of the biggest money makers of all time. A.promises B.agrees C.pretends D.declines 答案 A promise除了表示“允諾，答應(yīng)”外，還有“有的希望”的意思；agree意為“同意，贊同”；pretend意為“假裝”；decline意為“衰老，衰退”。只有promises符合題意。句意：這部新電影有望成為有史以來(lái)最賺錢的影片之一。,(2)Your house is always so neat how do you _it with three children? A.manage B.serve C.adapt D.construct 答案 A manage it表示“設(shè)法做成某事”。serve 表示“為服務(wù)，接待”；adapt 表示“使適應(yīng)，使適合”；construct表示“建造，構(gòu)筑，構(gòu)思”。句意：你家里總是那么整潔家里有三個(gè)孩子，你是怎么做到的？,2. 固定短語(yǔ)搭配法,動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的考查是高考重點(diǎn)考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中要注意積累常用動(dòng)詞詞組，如由get，e，put break和give 構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞詞組，解題時(shí)要區(qū)分清選擇項(xiàng)的含義與區(qū)別，再聯(lián)系句意進(jìn)行判斷，從而選出正確答案。 (1)If the firms failed to make enough money，they would_. A.close down B.call off C.turn down D.set off 答案 A close down意為“關(guān)掉，封閉；停止，停業(yè)”，call off意為“取消(常常用于被動(dòng))”，turn down意為“拒絕”，set off意為“出發(fā)，動(dòng)身”。句意：如果這些公司不能掙足夠的錢，它們將停業(yè)。,(2)It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly_ my friend. A.turn out B.bring out C.call out D.pick out 答案 D turn out意為“結(jié)果是；證明是”，bring out意為“拿出；取出，闡明，出產(chǎn)；出版，說(shuō)出，了解到(真相、秘密)”，call out意為“出動(dòng)、喚起”，pick out意為“挑選出；揀出，辨認(rèn)出”。根據(jù)句意選D。句意：電影院里太暗，我?guī)缀醣嬲J(rèn)不出我的朋友。,針 對(duì) 訓(xùn) 練,1.We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite，rather than _ us.(2016浙江卷),A.divide B.reject C.control D.abandon 答案 A 句意：當(dāng)我們學(xué)會(huì)求同存異，而非對(duì)立分歧(divide us)時(shí)，我們會(huì)收獲頗多。由語(yǔ)境可知該空要填unite的反義詞divide。reject拒絕；control控制；abandon拋棄。,2.Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she _ her opinion on the subject.(2016天津卷),A.gave voice to B.kept an eye on C.turned a deaf ear to D.set foot on 答案 A 句意：瑪麗在討論初期保持了沉默，但最終還是提出了對(duì)這一話題的看法。gave voice to意為“表達(dá)對(duì)的想法”，符合語(yǔ)境。keep an eye on照看，留意；turn a deaf ear to對(duì)充耳不聞；set foot on進(jìn)入，參觀。,3.I hate it when she calls me at workIm always too busy to _ a conversation with her.(2016天津卷),A.carry on B.break into C.turn down D.cut off 答案 A 句意：我討厭工作時(shí)她給我打電話我一直很忙，沒(méi)時(shí)間與她進(jìn)行談話。carry on意為“進(jìn)行，繼續(xù)”，符合語(yǔ)境。break into打斷，闖入；turn down調(diào)低，拒絕；cut off停止，中斷。,4.Im going to _ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.(2016天津卷),A.put B.make C.take D.give 答案 C 句意：我打算利用這次觀光機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)探究這座城堡的歷史。take advantage of是固定搭配，意為“利用”，符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。,5.If steel is heavier than water，why are ships able to_on the sea？(2015浙江卷),A.float B.drown C.shrink D.split 答案 A 句意：如果鐵比水重，為什么船能夠_在海面上？float浮，漂浮；drown(使)淹死，淹沒(méi)；shrink(使)縮小，(使)收縮；split(使)裂開(kāi)，(使)斷裂。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，船是“漂浮(float)”在海面上的，故選A。,6.In order not to be heard，she pointed her finger upwards to _ that someone was moving about upstairs.(2015湖北卷),A.whisper B.signal C.declare Dplain 答案 B 句意：為了不讓別人聽(tīng)到自己的聲音，她豎起手指示意有人正在樓上走動(dòng)。根據(jù)題干中的pointed her finger upwards可知，她只是豎起手指示意，并沒(méi)有出聲。signal意為“示意”，符合語(yǔ)境。whisper低語(yǔ)；declare宣布；plain抱怨。,7.Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to _ the soul of Qu Yuan.(江蘇卷),A.remember B.remind C.recover D.recall 答案 D 句意：傳說(shuō)端午節(jié)的起源是為了_屈原的靈魂。remember記??；remind提醒，使回想起，可構(gòu)成固定搭配remind sb of sth；recover使恢復(fù)，重新找回(丟失或被偷的東西)；recall召回(to tell sb to e back)，回想起。根據(jù)句意可知選D。,8.If you are in trouble，Mike is always willing to_ a hand.(2013天津卷),A.lend B.shake C.wave D.want 答案 A 句意：“如果你有麻煩，邁克總是愿意伸出援助之手?！?lend a hand意為“伸出援助之手”，符合語(yǔ)境。shake a hand意為“握手”，wave a hand意為“揮手”，want a hand意為“需要幫忙”，均與句意不符。,9.She_the carpet with some very nice curtains in colour.(江西卷),A.connected B.fitted C.equipped D.matched 答案 D 句意：她安裝了一些非常好看的窗簾，使之在顏色上與地毯相配。connect意為“連接”；fit意為“(使)適合”；equip意為“裝備，配備”；match意為“使相配，使相稱”。故D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。,10.In much of the animal world, night is the time_for sleeppure and simple.(湖北卷),A.set aside B.set down C.set off D.set up 答案 A 句意：在大多數(shù)動(dòng)物世界里，夜晚就是完全用來(lái)睡覺(jué)的時(shí)間。pure and simple表示“完全，不折不扣”，用來(lái)指某事只有唯一的原因。set aside表示“留出，抽出(時(shí)間等)”，符合語(yǔ)境。set down“寫下”；set off“出發(fā)，引起”；set up“建立”。,11.A good listener takes part in the conversation，_ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.(浙江卷),A.realizing B.copying C.offering D.misunderstanding 答案 C realize意識(shí)到；copy效仿；offer提出，提供；misunderstand誤解。句意：一個(gè)好的傾聽(tīng)者參與談話時(shí)，要發(fā)表觀點(diǎn)，提出問(wèn)題，以保持談話順利進(jìn)行。由句意可知選C。,12.Butterflies_a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.(湖北卷),A.carry on B.feed on C.put on D.focus on 答案 B carry on“繼續(xù)”；feed on“吃，以為食”；put on“上演，穿/戴上”；focus on“聚焦于”。句意：蝴蝶以花卉產(chǎn)生的一種甜甜的液體為食，蜜蜂和別的昆蟲(chóng)則采集這種液體。根據(jù)句意選B。,13.Mother always plains that children_their shoes very quickly.(江西卷),A.find out B.wash out C.wear out D.set out 答案 C find out意為“查明”；wash out意為“洗凈”；wear out意為“用壞，穿破”；set out意為“動(dòng)身，出發(fā)”。句意：媽媽總是抱怨孩子們很快就把鞋子穿爛了。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷，C為最佳選項(xiàng)。,14.Are the people optimistic about the talks between Palestine and Israel?,Its hard to say.Much_ the oute of the current peace talks. A.counts on B.takes on C.catches on D.turns on 答案 A 句意：人們對(duì)巴勒斯坦與以色列之間的談判感到樂(lè)觀嗎？這很難說(shuō)。目前和平談判的結(jié)果很重要。 count on意為“依靠，依賴”；take on意為“呈現(xiàn)，承擔(dān)，雇傭”；catch on意為“流行，受歡迎”；turn on意為“打開(kāi)”。,