Module 6 Animals in dangerUnit 3Language in use當我們要表示當我們要表示“想做某事、需要做某事或決定做某事想做某事、需要做某事或決定做某事”時，時，就會出現(xiàn)就會出現(xiàn)兩個動詞連用的情況兩個動詞連用的情況，這時應如何表達呢？，這時應如何表達呢？同學們自然會想到同學們自然會想到want to do sth.,need to do sth.和和decide to do sth.等表達方式。等表達方式。1.什么是動詞不定式？什么是動詞不定式？主要行為動詞后面的動詞都采用了主要行為動詞后面的動詞都采用了“to+動詞原形動詞原形”的結的結構，我們把這種結構稱為構，我們把這種結構稱為動詞不定式動詞不定式（有時可以不帶（有時可以不帶to）。）。動詞不定式沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能作謂語動詞不定式沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能作謂語。下面我們一起來看一下動詞不定式有哪些下面我們一起來看一下動詞不定式有哪些語法功能語法功能。2.動詞不定式的語法功能：動詞不定式的語法功能：1.不定式作主語不定式作主語不定式作主語時，常用不定式作主語時，常用it作形式主語，而將作主語的不定作形式主語，而將作主語的不定式放在句子后部。式放在句子后部。e.g.It is good to help others.幫助他人是件好事。幫助他人是件好事。It is exciting to surf the Internet.上網(wǎng)是件令人興奮的事。上網(wǎng)是件令人興奮的事。2.不定式作賓語不定式作賓語 學習不定式作賓語時學習不定式作賓語時,要注意掌握后接不定式作賓語的動要注意掌握后接不定式作賓語的動詞。常見動詞有詞。常見動詞有:want,hope,wish,like,begin,try,need,forget,agree,help 等。等。Many people decide not to think about it.許多人決定不去想這件事。許多人決定不去想這件事。I want to go to the library.我想去圖書館。我想去圖書館。3.不定式作定語不定式作定語不定式修飾名詞或代詞，起形容詞的作用，在句中作定不定式修飾名詞或代詞，起形容詞的作用，在句中作定語，放在被修飾對象的后面，請看下列句子：語，放在被修飾對象的后面，請看下列句子：I have a lot of homework to do.我有很多作業(yè)要做。我有很多作業(yè)要做。Im hungry.Give me something to eat,please.我餓了我餓了,請給我點吃的吧。請給我點吃的吧。4.不定式作狀語不定式作狀語 不定式常常作目的狀語、原因狀語、結果狀語等。不定不定式常常作目的狀語、原因狀語、結果狀語等。不定式作狀語時，要注意式作狀語時，要注意不定式的邏輯主語應與句子的主語不定式的邏輯主語應與句子的主語保持一致。保持一致。I came to Beijing to see my grandpa.我來北京看望我爺爺?shù)?。我來北京看望我爺爺?shù)?。Im glad to meet you！很高興見到你！很高興見到你！Im too tired to walk.我太累了，走不動了。我太累了，走不動了。5.不定式作補語不定式作補語不定式可以作補語，如：不定式可以作補語，如：She told me to buy a ticket.她讓我去買張票。她讓我去買張票。6.不定式作表語不定式作表語不定式還可以作表語，如：不定式還可以作表語，如：Our duty today is to clean the floor.今天我們的任務是打掃地板。今天我們的任務是打掃地板。3.不定式的語用功能不定式的語用功能1）表示表示“決定、計劃、打算決定、計劃、打算做某事做某事”，如：如：We need to help the animals live in peace.我們要幫助動物生活在安全的環(huán)境里。我們要幫助動物生活在安全的環(huán)境里。Many people decide not to think about it.很多人決定不去想這件事。很多人決定不去想這件事。這是同學們最熟悉的表達方式，再如：這是同學們最熟悉的表達方式，再如：hope to do sth.,plan to do sth.和和want to do sth.。我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)，動詞后面。我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)，動詞后面的不定式所表示的都是未來發(fā)生的事情。的不定式所表示的都是未來發(fā)生的事情。如果表示如果表示“決決定不做某事，打算不做某事定不做某事，打算不做某事”，就可以采用，就可以采用decide not to do sth.和和plan not to do sth.結構的句型。結構的句型。這種放在動詞之后的不定式，表示決定和打算的行為這種放在動詞之后的不定式，表示決定和打算的行為，被稱為被稱為動詞賓語動詞賓語。2）表示對某一行為的描述表示對某一行為的描述，如：如：It was interesting to learn about the Wolong Panda Reserve.了解臥龍大熊貓自然環(huán)境保護區(qū)的知識很有趣。了解臥龍大熊貓自然環(huán)境保護區(qū)的知識很有趣。Its sad to think about all those animals in danger.想起那些瀕危動物讓人很難過。想起那些瀕危動物讓人很難過。當我們要表示當我們要表示“做某事很重要做某事很重要”等類似概念時就可以使等類似概念時就可以使用包含動詞不定式的這個句型：用包含動詞不定式的這個句型：It is to do sth.如：如：It is important to build a nature reserve.建立一個自然保護區(qū)建立一個自然保護區(qū)十分重要十分重要。It is good to get up early in the morning.早晨早起早晨早起有好處有好處。在這些句子中，在這些句子中，it所指的正是不定式所表達的概念，所指的正是不定式所表達的概念，it為為形式主語，不定式為真正主語。形式主語，不定式為真正主語。3）表示一個人對某件事的態(tài)度表示一個人對某件事的態(tài)度，如：，如：Are you surprised to find out that whales are in danger?發(fā)現(xiàn)鯨處境很危險你感到震驚嗎？發(fā)現(xiàn)鯨處境很危險你感到震驚嗎？當我們表示類似于當我們表示類似于“見到您很高興見到您很高興”之類的意思時，可之類的意思時，可以采用以采用sb.be glad to do sth.的句型。如：的句型。如：He was happy to see them again.他為再次見到他們而感到高興。他為再次見到他們而感到高興。4）表示某一事或物的某種屬性表示某一事或物的某種屬性，如：，如：Their water isnt good to drink他們的水不適宜飲用他們的水不適宜飲用當我們要表達諸如當我們要表達諸如“這個問題很難回答這個問題很難回答”、“這些蘋果不這些蘋果不好吃好吃”之類的意思時，一般可以采用之類的意思時，一般可以采用sth.is+形容詞形容詞+to do的結構。如：的結構。如：This question is difficult to answer.這個問題很難回答。這個問題很難回答。5）計劃、方案、時間等名詞后常用不定式，計劃、方案、時間等名詞后常用不定式，如：如：The government has made a new plan to help pandas.政府已經制訂了一個保護大熊貓的新計劃。政府已經制訂了一個保護大熊貓的新計劃。不定式在句中作名詞的定語。不定式在句中作名詞的定語。6）表示目的表示目的，如：，如：Our government is working hard to save pandas.政府正政府正在努力拯救大熊貓。在努力拯救大熊貓。在英語中如果表示在英語中如果表示“做某事是為了什么做某事是為了什么”時，就可以時，就可以用用動詞不定式表示目的，稱為目的狀語動詞不定式表示目的，稱為目的狀語。不定式可以放在。不定式可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾。如：句首，也可以放在句尾。如：To catch the early bus he got up at 5 oclock in the morning.為了趕上早班車，他早晨為了趕上早班車，他早晨5點就起床了。點就起床了。7）表示表示“可以派某種用場可以派某種用場”這類意思這類意思,如如:Many animals have no place to live in.許多動物沒有地方生存。許多動物沒有地方生存。當要表示當要表示“可以居住的房間可以居住的房間”、“可以食用的東西可以食用的東西”、“可以停車的地方可以停車的地方”等類概念時，就可以用動詞不定式，等類概念時，就可以用動詞不定式，在在這種句子中不定式作名詞的定語這種句子中不定式作名詞的定語。如：。如：There is no place to park cars in this area.這里沒有可以停車的地方。這里沒有可以停車的地方。8）表示某事或物怎么樣表示某事或物怎么樣，如：，如：The difficulty is to stop people killing them.最困難的是阻止人們獵殺它們。最困難的是阻止人們獵殺它們。Your duty today is to send these letters out.你今天的任務就是把這些信都發(fā)出去。你今天的任務就是把這些信都發(fā)出去。本句中不定式置于系動詞后面，作表語，對主語進行補本句中不定式置于系動詞后面，作表語，對主語進行補充說明充說明。課堂小測驗課堂小測驗Individual activity1.Would you please tell me next?A.how to do B.what to doC.what do I do D.how I should do 2.The girl wasnt to lift that bookcase.A.too strong B.enough strongC.strong enough D.so strong 一、單項選擇。一、單項選擇。3.For a time his grandmother found _ accept his new idea.A.hard B.it hard C.it hard to D.it is hard to 4.As she has never been there before,Ill have someone _ her the way.A.show B.to show C.showing D.showed 5.You drive slowly.The roads are wet.A.had rather B.would ratherC.had better D.would better 6.Nothing can make the brave soldier_ his country.A.turn against B.to turn againstC.to turn to D.turn to 7.In the old days it was difficult for the poor _ a job.A.find B.to find C.look D.to look for 8.When learning a foreign language,try our best _ the spirit of it.A.master B.hold C.take hold of D.to master 9.It was foolish _ his car unlocked.A.for him to leave B.of him to leaveC.for him leave D.him to leave 10.Remember _ the newspaper when you have finished it.A.putting back B.put back C.to put back D.will put back 11.Napoleon spoke so loudly as to _ in front of his soldiers.A.hearB.be heard C.listen D.be listened to 12.Television and radio _ to know what is going on all over the world.A.made it possible of us B.have made us possible C.have made it possible for us D.have made it be possible for us 13.I have enjoyed my visit here.Ill be very sorry_.A.for leavingB.to leave C.if leaving D.to have left 14.I dont see how I could possible manage _ the work without _.A.to finish；helping B.to finish；being helped C.finishing；helping D.finishing；being helped 15.We all think it most foolish _ this mistake.A.for you making B.of you to make C.you to make D.for you to make 16.Because of air pollution being greatly reduced,this city is still .A.a good place which to be lived in B.a good place to live C.a good place to live in D.a good place to live for 17.You were lost on your way to the lake,werent you?Yes,we were and had to stop _ the way.A.asking B.to ask C.asked D.to be asked 18.She felt it a great shame so severely in the presence of her boy friend.A.to criticize B.to have criticized C.to be criticized D.to have been criticized 19.The advertisements are trying people to buy things they dont really need.A.persuade B.persuading C.be persuading D.to persuade 20.If you were much younger,I would arrange _ as the general manager,for all your colleagues speak highly of your work.A.for you to work B.of you to workC.for you work D.you work 21.On our way back home,we _ lunch because we felt hungry.A.stopped to have B.stop to have C.stopped having D.stoped to have 22.I did nothing but _ my lessons last Sunday.A.go over B.to go over C.went over D.go on 23.Id prefer _ home rather than _ a walk.A.to stay;to take B.stay;to take C.to stay;take D.stay;take 24.He was so foolish _ his car unlocked.A.to leave B.that leave C.as to leave D.for him to leave 25.Your flat needs _.Do you want me _it for you?A.to clean;to do B.cleaning;doingC.cleaning;to do D.to be cleaned;doing 26.What the scientist said greatly encouraged us _ the experiment again,but his secretarys words discouraged us _ the experiment any more.A.to try;to do B.to try;from doingC.for trying;from doing D.trying;to do 二、用所給動詞的適當形式填空。二、用所給動詞的適當形式填空。1.Do you know when _(have)a picnic?2.She is very busy today.She has a lot of work _(do).3.Our teacher asked us _(be)careful when we crossed the road.4.Its easy for us _(answer)the question.to haveto doto beto answer三三、漢譯英。、漢譯英。1.我們需要更好的保護它們。我們需要更好的保護它們。We need to protect them better.2.許多動物沒地方住。許多動物沒地方住。Many animals have no place to live.3.我們究竟能做什么？我們究竟能做什么？What on earth can we do?4.現(xiàn)在有許多瀕危動物?，F(xiàn)在有許多瀕危動物。Now therere many animals in danger.