第二步通覽全局，寫作分類突破第一講如何寫概要,一、題型特點(diǎn),讀寫任務(wù)型作文的寫作內(nèi)容一般分為兩個(gè)部分，即寫作內(nèi)容一為概括短文大意，以及寫作內(nèi)容二，就某個(gè)主題發(fā)表看法?！白x寫任務(wù)”是“讀”和“寫”的有機(jī)結(jié)合，“讀”的材料是為了后面的“寫”提供情景；同樣，“寫”也是對(duì)“讀”的材料的思考和延伸。,二、寫作技巧1.寫作步驟,摘要通常要求寫30詞左右，一般由“主題句支撐句”構(gòu)成。寫作時(shí)可按以下步驟進(jìn)行。(1)尋找關(guān)鍵詞。文章的關(guān)鍵詞可結(jié)合寫作內(nèi)容中的“就”主題發(fā)表自己的看法的要求來確定。如，要求你“以約120詞講述一次你(或你的朋友)想家的經(jīng)歷”，那么所閱讀的文章的主題詞就應(yīng)是homesick。,(2)確定主題句。文章的主題句首先可通過所給閱讀材料的標(biāo)題來確定，閱讀材料的標(biāo)題即是文章的論點(diǎn)或主題句。沒有標(biāo)題的文章，我們就應(yīng)注意第一段(總起段)和最后一段(總結(jié)段)，或每一段的第一句或第二句(總起句)和最后一句(總結(jié)句)。沒有主題句的需要自己根據(jù)段落大意進(jìn)行總結(jié)。(3)重構(gòu)主題句。主題句要能概括全文中心，并能涵蓋后面支撐句的所有內(nèi)容。(4)重組支撐句。支撐句的意義在邏輯上受制于主題句，對(duì)主題句進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充或者提供證據(jù)。,2.概括的形式：“主題句支撐句”即“主題主題的什么”,名師點(diǎn)津?qū)懜乓獣r(shí)不要照搬原文中的句子，而必須用自己的話來轉(zhuǎn)述。概括可采用總分的形式，即第一句話是主題句，清楚明白地告訴讀者文章的主要內(nèi)容(這句話舉足輕重)，后面的句子對(duì)主題句進(jìn)行解釋和支撐，主題之外的內(nèi)容要毫不吝嗇地予以剔除。,【典例示范】請(qǐng)閱讀下面短文，并按照要求用英語寫一篇150詞左右的文章。,(江蘇卷)Whenwereadnewspapers,weofteneacrosssuchEnglishwordsas“AIDS”and“PK.”WhenwewatchTV,wefrequentlyhearwordslike“NBA”or“PM2.5.”Whenwespeak,weautomaticallyusewordslike“OUT”or“Bye-bye.”Englishwordsandexpressionslikethesearegettingpopular.Theyhavealreadybeepartofourdailylanguage.And239EnglishwordshavebeenincludedinthelatestDictionaryofContemporaryChinese.,Theinclusionhasstartedaheateddiscussion.AgroupofscholarssignedaletterofplaintovertheinclusionoftheseEnglishwords,which,theythink,goesagainstChineselanguagepolicies.TheynotonlyworrythatChineseisborrowinganincreasingnumberofEnglishwordsbutarealsoconcernedthattheinclusionmayhurtthedignityoftheChineselanguage.However,othersareinfavoroftheinclusionbecauseitishardtosaywhetheritwillthreatentheChineselanguage.Theybelievetheselectionismostlyaresultoftheirfunctionanduseindailylife.,寫作內(nèi)容1.用約30個(gè)單詞寫出上文概要；2.用約120個(gè)單詞發(fā)表你的觀點(diǎn)，內(nèi)容包括：(1)支持或反對(duì)漢語詞典收錄英語詞匯；(2)用23個(gè)理由或論據(jù)支撐你的觀點(diǎn)。寫作要求1.可以支持文中任一觀點(diǎn)，但必須提供理由或論據(jù)；2.闡述觀點(diǎn)或提供論據(jù)時(shí)，不能直接引用原文語句；3.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱；4.不必寫標(biāo)題。,評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)內(nèi)容完整，語言規(guī)范，語篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。參考范文1Today,moreandmoreEnglishwordsfindtheirwayintotheChineselanguage.EventheDictionaryofContemporaryChineseincludes239Englishwords.Somepeoplesupportitwhileothersdonot.參考范文2WithEnglishwordsgettingpopularinbothmediaanddailylife,aChinesedictionaryhasincluded239ofthem,leavingthepublicdividedintotwoopposinggroups:“For”and“Against.”,能力提升練1閱讀下面的短文，然后以約30個(gè)詞概括下文的主要內(nèi)容。(2018江蘇張家港市模擬)JohnwastravelingbyshiptoEuropewhenaterriblestormcame.Agreatleakwasfillingtheshipwithwater.Nomatterhowhardthesailorsandpassengersworkedatthepumps,thewaterwasstillrising.Theshipwassinkingfast.Thereseemedtobenohope.Butthecaptaintoldthemnottogiveuphope.Hesaidthattherewashopesolongastheshipremainedabovewater.Hepromisedthatiftheydidntgiveuphope,hewouldlandthemsafely.Thecaptainspowerfulwillmovedthemall.Intheendhedidlandthemsafely.,Aftertheylanded,Johnfoundthecaptaintoshowhisappreciation.Buttohissurprise,thecaptainsaidtohimthathewastheboyof30yearsagowhoboughtageographybookinhisbookstore.Johnsuddenlythoughtoftheboy.Atthattimetheboydidnthaveenoughmoney,buthehadgonefromshoptoshopandbelievedhecouldgetwhathewanted.Finally,hemadeit.Now,itwasthesamewillpowerofhimthatsavedthelivesofallthepassengers.,參考范文Inthestory,acaptainalwaysinsistedondoingsomething,evenwhenhewasalittleboy.Inonevoyage,itwasjusthiswillpowerthatmadehimsaveallthepassengerslives.,能力提升練2閱讀下面短文，然后以約30個(gè)詞概括下文的主要內(nèi)容。(2018江蘇鹽城阜寧一中學(xué)情調(diào)研)StudentsinChinaspendalotoftimelearningEnglish.Butmostofthemcannotuseittomunicate.Someexpertsthinkthereasonliesinthetestingsystem,becausethecurrentEnglishtestingsysteminChinaputstoomuchpressureonstudentstogethighmarksandpaynoattentiontothedevelopmentoftheiroverall(全面的)languageabilities.Consideringthis,recentlymanyexpertsarecallingforreforms(改革)oftheEnglishlanguagetestingsystemtomakeitmoreeffectivelytodevelopactuallanguageabilities.TheysaychangesarenecessaryforthedevelopmentofthenationalEnglisheducationsystem.,參考范文Recently,thetopicofwhetherEnglishtestsystemshouldbechangedhascausedaheateddiscussion.Manypeoplethinkthecurrenttestingsystempreventsstudentsfromdevelopingoveralllanguageabilitiesandthereforeargueforareform.,能力提升練3閱讀下面短文，然后以約30個(gè)詞概括下文的主要內(nèi)容。(2018江蘇鹽城市高三聯(lián)考)ChenYifan,thestudentfromalocalseniorhighschool,hitaBMWcarparkingalongthestreetwhenhewaspassingbyonabicycleonFebruary4,leavingtherearviewmirrorbrokenandseveralscratchesoverthebodyofthecar.Chenleftaletterofapologytothecarowner,togetherwithanenvelopeof311yuanhehadearnedfrompart-timejobsduringthewinterholiday.Heputthemattheinsideofadoorhandle.,ThecarownersurnamedXuefoundtheletterandcashthenextdayandgotsotouchedbyChenshonesty.WiththehelpoflocalpoliceXuelocatedthestudentonFebruary10inthehopeofreturningthemoney.HetoldthepolicethathealsowantstofundChenseducationifthefamilycannotaffordit.OnFebruary11,Chensmother,afterknowingwhathersonhaddone,voluntarilycontactedXuetryingtopensatefortherepairof13，000yuan.ButXueturnedherdownfirmly.Thenextday,XuesdaughtervisitedChensfamilywithagrantof10，000yuanforhiseducation.,參考范文ChenYifanandhismomdecidedtopayalltheycouldaffordforpensationafterChenaccidentallybumpedintoaparkedBMW.Movedbyhisdeed,thecarownerdeclinedandofferedtosponsorChenseducation.,