Unit 2 GrammarRevise the Revise the Passive Voice Passive Voice (Infinitive(Infinitive)ObjectiveFind out the passive infinitive in the reading passage and use it properly.語法講解建議采用歸納法，如語法講解建議采用歸納法，如盡可能多的呈現(xiàn)一些相關(guān)例句，盡可能多的呈現(xiàn)一些相關(guān)例句，或可讓學生從已學課文中找相或可讓學生從已學課文中找相應例句，引導學生試著從所觀應例句，引導學生試著從所觀察到的語言現(xiàn)象中總結(jié)出語言察到的語言現(xiàn)象中總結(jié)出語言規(guī)則和語法規(guī)律。規(guī)則和語法規(guī)律。1.English began to be spoken in many other countries.(必修必修1)2.Its a great responsibility but also a great honour to be chosen.(必修必修2)3.Anyhow their performances were humorous enough to be copied by other groups.(必修必修2)Look at the following sentences,paying attention to the underlined part.4.He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church,(必修必修5)5.Then the rubbish was sent to be buried or burned,am I right?(必修必修5)6.All the information was then ready to be processed into film negatives.(必修必修5)7.It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.(選修選修6)1.It was going to be tested out by Larrys wife,Claire.2.Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot.3.How awful to be discovered by her,Claire thought.4.But even though Tony had been so clever,he would have to be rebuilt 本課呈現(xiàn)語法點：本課呈現(xiàn)語法點：to test your sense of observationto test your ability of short-term memory to test your ability to highlight the language pointsGuess1.English began _ in many other countries.2.Its a great responsibility but also a great honour _.3.Anyhow their performances were humorous enough _ by other groups.4.He did not want _ by the Christian Church,to be attacked to be spoken to be chosento be copied 5.Then the rubbish was sent _ or burned,am I right?6.All the information was then ready _ into film negatives.7.It means that more heat energy tends _ in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.to be buried to be processed to be trapped 8.It was going _ out by Larrys wife,Claire.9.Claire thought it was ridiculous _ _ sympathy by a robot.10.How awful _ by her,Claire thought.11.But even though Tony had been so clever,he would have _ to be rebuilt to be tested to be offered to be discovered 1.Young as he is,he doesnt like _ as a child.A.to treat B.treating C.to be treated D.to be treating2.The professor and his fellow workers were sent there _ for the space flight.A.train B.to be training C.to have been trained D.to be trained3.Lily has been invited to a garden party _ next Saturday evening.A.to be held B.to hold C.to be holding D.to have been held4.Jack is reported _ chairman of the trade union by all members.A.to choose B.to have been chosen C.to be choosing D.to be chosen5.Is Mary still studying?Im afraid not.She is said _ the classroom already.A.to be left B.to leave C.to have been left D.to have left6.Do let your parents know all the truth.They appear _ everything.A.to have been told B.to tell C.to be telling D.to be told以上我們已經(jīng)通過歸納總結(jié)和練習以上我們已經(jīng)通過歸納總結(jié)和練習對本課的語法內(nèi)容有了一定的了解，對本課的語法內(nèi)容有了一定的了解，下面就讓我們根據(jù)下面就讓我們根據(jù)之前練習的考察情之前練習的考察情況進一步選擇講解況進一步選擇講解該語法項的重難點。該語法項的重難點。不定式語法不定式語法 不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)不定式有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，時態(tài)共不定式有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，時態(tài)共四種，即四種，即一般時、完成時、進行時和一般時、完成時、進行時和完成進行時完成進行時。語態(tài)分為主動語態(tài)和被。語態(tài)分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)，如下表所示。動語態(tài)，如下表所示。不定式被動式講與不定式被動式講與練練語態(tài)語態(tài) 時態(tài)時態(tài)主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般時一般時 to do to be done完成時完成時 to have done to have been done進行時進行時 to be doing/完成進行時完成進行時 to have been doing/當動詞不定式的邏輯主語是動詞當動詞不定式的邏輯主語是動詞不定式所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者時不定式所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者時用主動語態(tài)；當動詞不定式的邏用主動語態(tài)；當動詞不定式的邏輯主語是動詞不定式所表示的動輯主語是動詞不定式所表示的動作的承受者時用被動語態(tài)。進行作的承受者時用被動語態(tài)。進行時和完成進行時沒有被動語態(tài)。時和完成進行時沒有被動語態(tài)。1 現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在時：一般現(xiàn)在時表示的動詞，：一般現(xiàn)在時表示的動詞，有時與謂語動詞表示的動作同時有時與謂語動詞表示的動作同時 發(fā)生，有時發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動發(fā)生，有時發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動 作之后。作之后。He seems to know this.I hope to see you again.=I hope that Ill see you again.2 完成時完成時：表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動：表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動 詞表示的動作之前。詞表示的動作之前。Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.3 進行時進行時：強調(diào)動作已在延續(xù)或動作：強調(diào)動作已在延續(xù)或動作 正在進行。正在進行。They seem to be getting along well with their new jobs.He seems to be eating something.4 完成進行時完成進行時：表示動作是在謂語動：表示動作是在謂語動 詞所表示的動作之前就一直在進行。詞所表示的動作之前就一直在進行。They are said to have been collecting stamps for over twenty years.He appears to have been waiting a long time.不定式的被動形式有下列用法不定式的被動形式有下列用法:(1)作主語作主語It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.(2)作賓語作賓語She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.一、當不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所一、當不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般表示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般要采用被動形式。要采用被動形式。(3)構(gòu)成復合賓語構(gòu)成復合賓語He wanted the letter to be typed at once.She didnt like herself to be praised like that.(4)構(gòu)成復合謂語構(gòu)成復合謂語The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.(5)作定語作定語Are you going to the meeting to be heldin the teachers office?(6)作狀語作狀語She was too young to be assigned suchwork.二、不定式有時還可以有完成式的被動二、不定式有時還可以有完成式的被動式，在句中作主語、賓語、定語，或者式，在句中作主語、賓語、定語，或者構(gòu)成復合賓語、復合謂語等，如：構(gòu)成復合賓語、復合謂語等，如：It is a good thing for him to have beencriticized.She preferred to have been given heavier work to do.(主語主語)(賓語賓語)He thought it an honour to have beeninvited to the party.The book is said to have been translatedinto many languages.She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post.(復合賓語復合賓語)(復合謂語復合謂語)(定語定語)三、不定式的主動形式表示被動三、不定式的主動形式表示被動1.在在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：例如：There is a lot of homework to do.(也可用也可用to be done)There is no time to lose(to be lost).2.在在“n.pron+be+adj.+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)中。常用的形容詞有中。常用的形容詞有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap，fit，dangerous等。等。例如：例如：He is hard to convince.3.在在“too to do;enough to”結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：The problem is too difficult to work out(to be worked out).The house is big enough to live in.4.在在“with+n.+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：例如：With nothing to do,he lay in bed.With so many exercises to do,I cant go to the cinema.5.當不定式的邏輯主語在句中出現(xiàn)時。當不定式的邏輯主語在句中出現(xiàn)時。例如：例如：I have a letter to type today.Do you have anything to say?(I是是to type的邏輯主語的邏輯主語)(you是是to say的邏輯主語的邏輯主語)6.當不定式隱含在當不定式隱含在for sb.to do結(jié)構(gòu)中時。結(jié)構(gòu)中時。This is the best book to read(=for us/you to read).The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house.7.一些作表語用的不定式的主動形式。一些作表語用的不定式的主動形式。常見的這類動詞有常見的這類動詞有l(wèi)et(出租出租),rent，hire,blame等。等。The house is to let.I felt I was to blame.動詞不定式主動語態(tài)形式的使用要比動詞不定式主動語態(tài)形式的使用要比被動語態(tài)形式的使用普遍，有時（尤被動語態(tài)形式的使用普遍，有時（尤其在口語中）雖然意思上是被動的，其在口語中）雖然意思上是被動的，也往往用主動語態(tài)形式來表示。也往往用主動語態(tài)形式來表示。I have three motors to repair today.The task is difficult to finish on time.NOTICENOTICEReview不定式的被動式由不定式的被動式由“to+be+動動詞的過去分詞詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。當不定式構(gòu)成。當不定式與其邏輯主語之間是被動關(guān)系時，與其邏輯主語之間是被動關(guān)系時，要用不定式的被動式。要用不定式的被動式。Individual activity注注:另附另附 word word 文檔。文檔。點擊此處鏈接點擊此處鏈接1.It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness _.(2006江西江西)A.to make B.to be made C.making D.being madeQuiz I:Multiple choice.2.Energy drinks are not allowed _ in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.(2006上海上海)A.to make B.to be made C.to have been made D.to be making3.When asked why he went there,he said he was sent there _ for a space flight.(2007江西江西)A.training B.being trained C.to have trained D.to be trained4.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.(2007浙江浙江)A.to be heard B.to have heard C.hearing D.being heard 5.I feel greatly honored _ into their society.(2008北京北京)A.to welcome B.welcoming C.to be welcomed D.welcomed6.The message is very important,so it is supposed _ as soon as possible.(2008陜西陜西)A.to be sent B.to send C.being sent D.sending7.We are invited to a party _ in our club next Friday.(2009山東山東)A.to be held B.held C.being held D.holding8.The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _.(2010全國全國I)A.is made B.would make C.was to be made D.had made9.There were many talented actors out there just waiting _.(2010江西江西)A.to discover B.to be discovered C.discoveredD.being discovered10.Its important for the figures _ regularly.(2011北京北京)A.to be updated B.to have been updated C.to update D.to have updated1.The dishes need 2.The mail needs right away.Quiz II:Sentence Making.washsendto be washed.to be sent 3.The singer refused4.The house isphotographsellto be photographed.to be sold.5.The wall is expectedpaintto be painted.frighten6.The bird seemsto be frightened.1.She hates _ by her classmates.2.Tim refused _ by his father to school.3.She struggled _ by the French visitors.to be accompaniedto be understoodQuiz III:Fill in the blanks.accompany understand envylaughed at discuss testto be laughed at4.These are the issues _ tomorrow.5.The new drug is _ out on 500 patients next year.6.She was very beautiful but she didnt like _ by all the girls she met.to be testedto be enviedto be discussedaccompany understand envylaughed at discuss testGo over the grammar.Finish the exercises on page 14.Homework