專題五數(shù)詞和主謂一致,考點一,考點二,考點三,考點四,一,二,一、數(shù)詞 數(shù)詞分為兩種:基數(shù)詞(表示數(shù)目)和序數(shù)詞(表示順序)。 1.dozen(一打,十二),score(二十)與具體數(shù)詞或與many,several 等連用時,后不加-s,所修飾的名詞前介詞of有無均可。但是習慣上score多與of連用,而dozen很少與of連用。如:two dozen eggs 兩打雞蛋,many dozen pencils好多打鉛筆;two score of eggs 40個雞蛋;three score of people 60個人。dozen,score的復數(shù)形式后接of時,表示“許多”。如:dozens of eggs幾十個雞蛋,scores of pencils幾十支鉛筆。 2.當所修飾的名詞之前有限定詞these,those,my,your等或是修飾人稱代詞賓格them,us,you時,這時需要加of。如:two dozen of these pens,three score of them。,一,二,考點一,考點二,考點三,考點四,分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞,若分子大于1,則分母用復數(shù)。如:one-fourth(a quarter) 1/4;two-fifths 2/5。 (2016全國乙)Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obamas family. 三分之二的人認為會有更多的家庭模仿奧巴馬家庭的做法。,一,二,考點一,考點二,考點三,考點四,表示某人的確切年齡,用“基數(shù)詞+year(s) old”或者“at the age of+基數(shù)詞”,也可直接用基數(shù)詞;表示某人幾十多歲時,用“in ones+基數(shù)詞的復數(shù)(如twenties,thirties等)”來表達。 She is still in her twenties. 她才二十幾歲。,一,二,考點一,考點二,考點三,考點四,表示“幾十年代”時,在年份后加-s或-s。 (2016全國乙)In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own. 在20世紀60年代,我們都有點不安分,想盡快離家或離家遠點來證明自己能夠自立。,一,二,考點一,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點七,二、主謂一致 謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)和主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致,這就叫主謂一致。在判定一個句子主謂是否一致時,要遵循下列三個原則:語法一致、意義一致和就近一致?！罢Z法一致”也就是從語法形式上取得一致,即主語為單數(shù)形式,謂語動詞也采用單數(shù)形式;主語為復數(shù)形式,謂語動詞亦為復數(shù)形式?！耙饬x一致”就是從意義著眼來處理主謂語一致問題。主語形式為單數(shù),但意義為復數(shù),謂語動詞依意義而定,也采用復數(shù)形式?！熬徒恢隆笔侵钢^語動詞的人稱和數(shù)往往和與其最近的主語保持一致。,一,二,考點一,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點七,1.主語為表示時間、距離、金錢、書名等整體概念的名詞做主語時。 Ten miles is not a long way for me. 十英里對我來說不是很長的距離。 2.由and連接的兩個或兩個以上的單數(shù)名詞做主語,前面由不定代詞every/each/no修飾時。 Each boy and(each) girl has an apple. 每個男孩和每個女孩都有一個蘋果。,一,二,考點一,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點七,3.and連接的兩個詞是指同一個人、同一事物或同一概念,且兩個名詞共用一個冠詞時。 A teacher of English and class teacher is telling us something about volunteer workers now. 一位英語老師兼班主任現(xiàn)在正告訴我們關(guān)于義工們的一些情況。 4.“the number of+復數(shù)名詞”做主語時。 The number of professors present at the meeting is 1,800. 出席會議的教授人數(shù)是1800人。 5.動詞-ing(短語)、不定式、從句做主語時。 What the teacher of the science class does and says is of great importance to the students at college. 理科老師做的事和說的話對學院里的學生很重要。,一,二,考點一,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點七,6.“more than one+單數(shù)名詞”和“many a+單數(shù)名詞”做主語時。 More than one student has gone to Beijing. 不止一個學生去了北京。 Hey!Here is a message on my cellphone,telling me that I have won first prize of a weekend for two in Paris. Delete it!Its a trick.Many a person has been cheated by such tricks. 嘿,我手機上有一條短信,告訴我我已獲得巴黎周末雙人游的一等獎。 刪掉吧。那是個騙局。許多人被這樣的短信騙過。 7.“the+形容詞”做主語,表示一類抽象的事物時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 The new is sure to replace the old. 新生事物一定會取代舊的事物。,一,二,考點一,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點七,1.有些集合名詞如:clothes,cattle,folk,people,police 等做主語,后面的謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。 The police are searching for the murderer. 警方正在搜尋兇手。 2.“the+形容詞/分詞”做主語,表示某一類人時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。 The old are living a happy life now. 老人們現(xiàn)在生活幸福。 3.由and或both.and.連接兩個單數(shù)名詞做主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式(不可數(shù)名詞同樣)。 Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop. 這家商店里咖啡和啤酒都有售。,一,二,考點一,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點七,1.集合名詞如:group,family,class,government,team,public,enemy,crowd,audience,club,party,crew等做主語時,如果看成一個整體,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;如果側(cè)重其成員,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。 The family is not big.這個家庭不大。 The family like watching football games. 這一家人喜歡看足球比賽。,一,二,考點一,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點七,2.主語是單復數(shù)同形的名詞如:deer,sheep,fish,series,means,works,aircraft等時,視其表達的意義而判斷謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式。 Every means has been tried,but none proved successful. 每個辦法都嘗試過了,但沒有一個是成功的。 Many means have not e into effect. 許多方法都沒生效。,一,二,考點一,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點七,3.代詞none,neither,all以及what引導的從句等做主語,謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式取決于所指代的內(nèi)容。 All we need is a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. 我們所需要的就是一小塊土地,在這兒我們可以在一年的生長季節(jié)種植各種各樣的果樹。 What they have are 200 puters. 他們擁有的就是二百臺電腦。,一,二,考點一,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點七,4.population表示“人口”,即一個國家或地區(qū)的居民數(shù)目,它做主語時謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。當它前面有分數(shù)或百分數(shù)時,population是指一個國家或地區(qū)的全體居民,它做主語時,謂語動詞一般用復數(shù)形式。 The population of Canada is about 36 million. 加拿大的人口數(shù)大約是3600萬。 Eighty percent of the population in that country are farmers. 那個國家80%的人口是農(nóng)民。,一,二,考點一,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點七,1.有時主語與謂語動詞之間插入一個介詞短語,該短語對謂語動詞不產(chǎn)生影響。 The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly. 森林火災(zāi)的危險不能輕視。 2.當主語后面跟有with,together with,along with,acpanied by,like,in addition to,as well as,as much as,more than,rather than,no less than,except,but,besides,including 等連接的單詞(詞組)時,其謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式要與它們前面的主語取得一致。 Newspapers,as well as magazines,play an important role in daily munication. 報紙,還有雜志,在我們的日常交流中起到了重要的作用。,一,二,考點一,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點七,1.由“some,plenty,a lot,lots,most,the rest,all,half,part或分數(shù)、百分數(shù)+of+名詞”等短語做主語時,謂語動詞常與of后的名詞保持數(shù)的一致。如果of后面所接名詞為復數(shù)形式,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式;如果of后面所接名詞為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞就用單數(shù)形式。 About one third of the books are well worth reading. 大約三分之一的書非常值得閱讀。 (201610浙江)Sixty-four percent of those survey participants who havent worked remotely would rather give up some bonus in order to get even one day a week working from home. 在那些沒有遠程辦公的參與調(diào)查者中有64%的人寧愿放棄獎金,就是為了得到一周一天在家辦公的機會。,一,二,考點一,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點七,2.由“a kind of,this kind of,many kinds of”和“名詞+of this kind”等相同用法的詞還有type,sort,part,piece,section,pair等。構(gòu)成的短語做主語時,謂語動詞與of前的名詞保持數(shù)的一致。 This kind of animals is dangerous. Animals of this kind are dangerous.這種動物很危險。,一,二,考點一,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點七,3.“a large amount of+不可數(shù)名詞”做主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 “l(fā)arge amounts of+不可數(shù)名詞”做主語,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。 “l(fā)arge quantities of+不可數(shù)名詞/復數(shù)名詞”做主語,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。 “a good/great deal of+不可數(shù)名詞”做主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market. 大量資金投放到當?shù)氐氖袌錾稀?One survey shows that large quantities of water are wasted every year in China,and that one third is available to be saved. 調(diào)查表明在中國大量的水被浪費了,其中的三分之一是能節(jié)省下來的。,一,二,考點一,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點七,1.由or,either.or,neither.nor,not only.but also.等連接兩個或兩個以上的并列主語時,謂語動詞和與它最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 Not only his family but also he likes Chaplins movies. 不但他的家人而且連他也喜歡卓別林的電影。 Are either you or your brother going to the party? 要么你或是你的兄弟要去參加這個聚會嗎? 2.there be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一個名詞的數(shù)決定。 There are some envelopes and paper for you. 這里有一些信封和紙給你。,一,二,考點一,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點七,1.在定語從句里,關(guān)系代詞that,who,which等做主語時,其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。 Those who have seen the film please put up your hands. 看過這部電影的請舉手。 2.“one of+復數(shù)名詞+定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句中謂語動詞要用復數(shù)形式。 Tom is one of the boys who have gone abroad. 湯姆是出過國的男孩之一。 3.“the only one of+復數(shù)名詞+定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句中的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。 He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam. 他是唯一一個通過考試的學生。,.用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當形式填空 1.(2017全國)Fast food is(be) full of fat and salt. 2.(2017江蘇)The publication of Great Expectations,which was(be) both widely reviewed and highly praised,strengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist. 3.(2016江蘇)Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children,who are(be) able from a young age to gather their own food. 4.(2016江蘇)The total rise in agricultural ines in rich countries is(be) greater than the fall in poor areas.,5.(2016全國)Visiting an apple event is(be) a good chance to see,and often taste,a wide variety of apples. 6.(2016全國)One of the very best varieties for eating quality is(be) Orleans Reinette,but youll need a warm,sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it. 7.(2016全國)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is(be) often acceptable. 8.It is important to remember that success is(be)a sum of small efforts made each day and often takes(take) years to achieve. 9.Mr.Black,as well as the professor who es(e) from Beijing University,is(be) to attend our school meeting.,10.The truth is that the passers-by,rather than the driver,are to blame(blame) for the terrible accident. 11.Moments of failure are(be) unavoidable,but most of us abandon the goal entirely when slight failures and setbacks start piling up. 12.The New York Times is(be) widely accepted in America. 13.This kind of operation is known(know) as a robotic operation. 14.Almost all international conferences and petitions are conducted(conduct) in English. 15.Acquiring the wisdom to make wise choices is(be) the lasting challenge of being human. 16.Generally,students inner motivation with high expectations from others is(be) essential to their development.,17.Walmart,which is one of the largest American supermarket chains,keeps(keep) some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. 18.The famous musician,as well as his students,was invited(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. 19.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials,the rest of which were(be) saved for other purposes.,.完成句子(每空一詞) 1.桌子上有兩本書和一本詞典。 There are two books and a dictionary on the desk. 2.做這項工作四十分鐘足夠了。 Forty minutes is enough for the work. 3.瑪麗的眼鏡破了。 Marys glasses are broken. 4.學生們和老師都被他的演講打動了。 The students as well as the teacher were/are moved by his speech. 5.這家工廠大約有300個工人。 The number of the workers of this factory is about 300.,