四、推理判斷細節(jié)推斷題,專題三第二節(jié)分類突破,真題感悟,名師點津,內容索引,隨堂限時練,真題感悟,(20186月天津，B) When I was 17，I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay，once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay.She had requested the munity to turn it into a museum upon her death.On a sunny Saturday，Sally and I drove over to the museum.She asked，“Do you have the address？”“No，but Ill recognize it，there was a picture in the magazine.” “Oh，stop.There it is！” The museum was free.We entered，excited.A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.,“May I help you？” a man asked.“No，” I said.“Were fine.” Tour guides got on my nerves.What if they talked a long time about a painting you werent that interested in？Sally had gone upstairs.The people in the hall seemed very nosy(愛窺探的)，keeping their eyes on me with curiosity.What was their problem？I saw some nice sculptures in one room.Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me.“Where do you think you are？” he asked.I turned sharply.“The McNay Art Museum！” He smiled，shaking his head.“Sorry，the McNay is on New Braunfels Street.”“Whats this place？” I asked，still confused.“Well，its our home.” My heart jolted(震顫).I raced to the staircase and called out，“Sally! Come down immediately！”,“Theres some really good stuff(藝術作品) up there.” She stepped down，looking confused.I pushed her toward the front door，waving at the family，saying，“Sorry，please forgive us，you have a really nice place.” Outside，when I told Sally what happened，she covered her mouth，laughing.She couldnt believe how long they let us look around without saying anything. The real McNay was splendid，but we felt nervous the whole time we were there.Van Gogh，Picasso.This time，we stayed together，in case anything else unusual happened.,Thirty years later，a woman approached me in a public place. “Excuse me，did you ever enter a residence，long ago，thinking it was the McNay Museum？” “Yes.But how do you know？We never told anyone.” “That was my home.I was a teenager sitting in the hall.Before you came over，I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in.I never felt lucky before.You thought it was a museum.My feelings about my home changed after that.Ive always wanted to thank you.”,語篇解讀,語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。如果你誤把一戶人家當成博物館并且四處參觀，會是怎樣一種奇特的經(jīng)歷呢？本文中作者講述了她的親身體驗。,41.What do we know about Marian McNay? A.She was a painter. B.She was a munity leader. C.She was a museum director. D.She was a journalist.,解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的watercolorist(水彩畫家)可知，Marian McNay是一位painter(畫家)。故答案為A。,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,42.Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house? A.She disliked people who were nosy. B.She felt nervous when talking to strangers. C.She knew more about art than the man. D.She mistook him for a tour guide.,解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Tour guides got on my nerves.” (導游令我很煩)可知，“我”把那個人誤認為是導游了。故答案為D。,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,43.How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall? A.Puzzled. B.Concerned. C.Frightened. D.Delighted.,解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“我”被那些人盯著時的疑惑“What was their problem？”及后文中的still confused可知，“我”感到很困惑(puzzled)。故答案為A。,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,44.Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words? A.The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her. B.She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum. C.The McNay was disappointing pared with the house. D.The event happening in the house was more significant.,解析推理判斷題。文章最后三段提到30年后“我”偶遇那戶人家的一個孩子，她說“我”把她家誤認為博物館使她看到了它的美麗，由此可知，本文作者不是重點描述McNay博物館，而是描述這次突發(fā)事件帶來的影響，故答案為D “房子里發(fā)生的事更重要”。,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,解析推理判斷題。從最后一段中那個女士說的話“在你進來之前，我從未意識到我住的是個多么美麗的地方，我以前從未感到過幸運”可推知，人們往往會忽視自己周圍事物的美。,45.What could we learn from the last paragraph? A.People should have good taste to enjoy life. B.People should spend more time with their family. C.People tend to be blind to the beauty around them. D.People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,名師點津,一、題型解讀 細節(jié)推理判斷題要求考生根據(jù)語篇內容，推斷具體細節(jié)，如時間、地點、人物關系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根據(jù)短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常識進行推理判斷?？忌挥姓_把握文章的內在關系，理解文章的真正含義，才可能作出準確的推斷。一般題干主要包括六個動詞：infer(推斷)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(作出結論)和assume(假定，設想)。,該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)： 1.It can be inferred/concluded from the text that . 2.What can we infer/learn from.? 3.We can learn from the passage that . 4.The passage/story.indicates/suggests/implies that .,二、解題技巧關鍵詞句細推敲 第一步：定位細節(jié)根據(jù)題干提供的信息，抓住某一段話的關鍵信息(關鍵詞語)。 第二步：揣摩細節(jié)對原文中的信息進行分析，推理判斷，利用逆向思維和正向推理，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。 注意：1.切勿拿文章中的某一個細節(jié)內容作為推理的結論。 2.切勿脫離原文而憑個人看法主觀臆斷。,例如：【真題感悟】中的45題根據(jù)文章最后一段中的“Before you came over，I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in.I never felt lucky before.You thought it was a museum.”可知，在作者未造訪她家之前，這位女士從未意識到自己住的地方多么美麗，從而可以推斷出，人們往往對周圍的美視而不見。 故選C。,隨堂限時練,(2018河北區(qū)二模) “Can I see my baby？” asked the happy new mother.The bundle(嬰兒包) was placed in her arms and when she moved the fold of cloth to look upon his tiny face，she gaspedthe baby had been born without ears.Time，however，proved that the babys hearing was perfect except his appearance. One day when he rushed home from school and threw himself into his mothers arms，he cried out bitterly，“A boy，a big boy.called mea freak.” She sighed，knowing that his life was to be endless of heartbreaks.,He grew up，handsome for his misfortune.A favorite with his fellow students，he might have been class president，but for that.He developed a gift for literature and music. The boys father had a talk with the family doctor.“Could nothing be done？” “I believe we could graft(移植) on a pair of outer ears，if they could be donated，” the doctor decided.So the search began for a person who would make such a sacrifice for a young man.Two years went by.Then，“Youre going to the hospital，son.Mother and I have someone who will donate the ears you need.But its a secret.” said the father.,The operation was a brilliant success.His talents blossomed into genius.School and college became a series of successes.Later，he married and entered the diplomatic(外交) service.“But I must know！” he urged his father.“Who gave so much for me? I could never do enough for him.” “I do not believe you could，” said the father，“but the agreement was that you are not to know.not yet.” The years kept the secret，but the day did eone of the darkest days that ever passed through a son.He stood with his father over his mothers casket(棺材).Slowly and tenderly，the father stretched forth a hand and raised the thick，reddish-brown hair to let out the secret.,1.The story is mainly about . A.how a boy had new ears through an operation B.what a devoted parent privately did for the child C.how a disabled boy turned into a useful person D.why a donator made a sacrifice to a bright boy,解析主旨大意題。本文主要講了一位偉大無私的母親把自己的耳朵捐給自己的孩子的故事。故選B。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“when she moved the fold of cloth to look upon his tiny face，she gaspedthe baby had been born without ears”可知，母親看到她的新生兒沒有耳朵感到震驚和失望。,2.From the first paragraph we know that the mother . A.was determined to donate her ears to perfect her son B.kept her husband unknown about the babys situation C.felt shocked and disappointed to see her new baby Dplained of her bad luck to have a disabled child,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中的“he cried out bitterly，A boy，a big boy.called me a freak”可知，有個大孩子嘲笑他是“freak”，可能會使很多同學聯(lián)想到那個男孩子沒有耳朵，而將freak一詞誤理解為“長相丑陋”，下文中描述道“He grew up，handsome for his misfortune”可知，男孩的外表并不丑陋，而是因為沒有耳朵在外形上與普通人不一樣，因此我們猜測該詞的含義為：strangely-shaped creature。,3.The underlined word “freak” in Paragraph 2 is the closest in meaning to “ ”. A.slow-acting personB.ugly-looking child C.badly-behaved studentD.strangely-shaped creature,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，那個男孩在母親去世，父親撩開母親的頭發(fā)時最終知道了是母親把耳朵給了他。故選C。,4.What can be inferred from the passage? A.The agreement was between the donator and the family. B.The boy was so popular that he was made class president. C.Finally the boy came to know who the donator was. D.The mother donated her ears to her son after she died.,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析推理判斷題。本文通過講述一位偉大的母親為兒子捐獻耳朵并對兒子保守秘密，讓我們感受到了母愛的偉大，有時真愛隱藏在深處而不是流露于外表。,5.What moral lesson can we draw from this reading? A.Real love lies in what is done unknown rather than what is done known. B.It is up to parents to help their children heart and soul. C.True beauty lies only in the heart not in appearance. D.It is a virtue for young generations to learn to be grateful.,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,B (2018南開區(qū)一模) Ask most people anywhere in the world what they want out of life and the reply will probably be：“to be happy”.Ed Deiner，an American psychology professor，has spent his whole professional life studying what makes people happy，paring levels of happiness between cultures and trying to find out exactly why we enjoy ourselves.,Many people would say that this question does not need an answer. But Professor Deiner has one anyway.“If youre a cheerful，happy person，your marriage is more likely to last，and youre more likely to make money and be successful at your job.On average，happy people have stronger immune systems，and there is some evidence that they live longer.”,So who are the worlds happiest people？It depends on how the word is defined.There is individual happiness，the sense of joy we get when we do something we like.But there is also the feeling of satisfaction we get when we know that others respect us and approve of how we behave.According to Professor Deiner，the Western world pursues individual happiness while Asia prefers mutual satisfaction.,“In the West，the individualistic culture means that your mood matters much more than it does in the East.People ask themselves if they are doing what is fun or interesting.They bee unhappy when they cant do any of these things.If you ask people from Japan or China if they are happy，they tend to look at what has gone wrong in their lives.If not much has gone wrong，then they are satisfied.” People from Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries had the happiest culture，Professor Deiner found.“The biggest cultural difference is to do with pride and shame.Hispanic(西班牙語的) cultures report much more pride and much less shame than others.”,Ine also made a big difference to peoples happiness，but only at the lowest levels.Average ine earners in the US were much happier than people in poverty.But millionaires were only a little bit happier than people on average ines.It seems that money makes us happy when we have enough to feel secure.,解析細節(jié)理解題。由第二段第三、四句“If youre a cheerful，happy person，your marriage is more likely to last，and youre more likely to make money and be successful at your job.On average，happy people have stronger immune systems，and there is some evidence that they live longer.”可知，快樂的人婚姻更長久，工作更成功，壽命也更長。即長久的婚姻、健康、事業(yè)成功都屬于快樂帶來的好處。文中并未提到快樂可以給人帶來尊重。,6.According to the passage，happy people enjoy the following benefits EXCEPT . A.a long marriage B.respect from others C.profession success D.better health,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,7.In Professor Deiners opinion， . A.Asians have a culture to enjoy individual happiness B.Westerners care more about mutual satisfaction than Asians C.Asians focus more on others respect and approval than Westerners D.Westerners value individual happiness as much as mutual satisfaction,解析推理判斷題。由第三段最后一句“According to Professor Deiner，the Western world pursues individual happiness while Asia prefers mutual satisfaction.”可知，Deiner認為西方人更追求個人的快樂，而亞洲人卻追求雙向滿意。由此可推知，亞洲人比西方人更在意別人的尊重和認同。,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,8.What can be inferred from the fifth paragraph? A.Attitude towards pride and shame results in Spanish happiness. B.Spanish people take too much pride in themselves. C.Hispanic cultures lay stress on pride and shame. D.If you are from Spain，you are the happiest.,解析推理判斷題。第五段大意為“來自西班牙和以西班牙語為母語國家的人擁有最快樂的文化，Deiner發(fā)現(xiàn)最大的文化差別在于對驕傲和恥辱的態(tài)度，西班牙文化比其他文化更強調驕傲而非恥辱”。由此可推知，對驕傲和恥辱的態(tài)度造就了西班牙語文化的快樂屬性，所以A項正確。,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,9.In the last paragraph，the author seems to tell us . A.poor people enjoy the same happiness as millionaires B.the higher ine one gets，the happier life he lives C.average ine earners live the happiest life D.enough money can make us feel safe and happy,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,解析推理判斷題。最后一段大意為“收入也會導致快樂程度的不同，美國中產(chǎn)階層比貧窮階層過得更快樂，但百萬富翁只比中產(chǎn)階層快樂一點點，錢會使人快樂是因為當我們擁有足夠的錢時我們會有安全感?！庇纱丝芍?，作者在最后一段表達了“足夠多的錢會讓人們感到快樂和安全”這樣一種看法，所以D項正確； 但此段并無“錢越多人就越快樂”之意，B項將“足夠多的錢能讓人快樂”和“錢越多人越快樂”混為一談，所以B項錯誤。,6,7,8,9,10,10.The passage is mainly about . A.cultural differences in happiness B.the happiest culture C.reasons for happiness D.benefits of happiness,解析主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了令人快樂的原因，第一段中的“an American psychology professor，has spent his whole professional life studying what makes people happy”引出后文所有內容，可見文章重點是關于快樂原因的討論，所以C項正確。,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,