第三講 信息概括題,這類題目難度大、要求高、得分低，考生要在透徹理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)文中相關(guān)信息綜合分析后提煉出新詞。此類題目主要分為兩種類型： (1)總結(jié)性詞匯。設(shè)題大多數(shù)情況下是概括文章的標(biāo)題、段落大意、事件過(guò)程、文章的目的、意義以及得出的結(jié)論等。,典例1(2017江蘇高考)Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays.Furthermore，around 50% of the worlds population live in regions where the figure is now below the replacement level(i.e.2.1 births per woman)and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate.You might think that developing nations would make up the loss(especially since 80% of the worlds people now live in such nations)，but youd be wrong.Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too，which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades. It would be difficult for developed countries to maintain the (72)_of population.,分析第一步：根據(jù)題干大意可定位到文章第二段。 第二步：根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容，特別是“almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate”和“Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too，which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.”可知，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家保持人口的現(xiàn)有規(guī)模也是困難重重。size/scale表示“尺寸，大小，規(guī)?！?，符合文意。 第三步：確定答案為size/scale。,典例2(2017江蘇高考)In the north of India，the population is booming due to high birth rates，but in the south，where most economic development is taking place，birth rate is falling rapidly.In a further twist，birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas.In total，25% of Indias working-age population has no education.In 2030，a sixth of the countrys potential work force could be totally uneducated. Leaving aside the birth rate issue，Indias economy may take off when the country achieves (78)_of educational opportunity.,分析：第一步：根據(jù)題干中的“Indias economy”以及“educational”，可以定位到文章第五段。 第二步：根據(jù)第五段中對(duì)于印度人口出生率以及經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與教育的關(guān)系的敘述可以得出這樣的結(jié)論：印度若能實(shí)現(xiàn)公民受教育機(jī)會(huì)的平等化，它的經(jīng)濟(jì)會(huì)有大的增長(zhǎng)。 第三步：確定答案為equality。,知識(shí)鏈接1信息概括常用詞,1.原因與結(jié)果：reason (for)，result；cause (of)，consequence 2.異同點(diǎn)與優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)：difference，similarity; advantage，disadvantage 3.功能：function 4.觀點(diǎn)與態(tài)度：opinion，view (on/about)，viewpoint，idea; attitude (to/towards) 5.評(píng)論與評(píng)價(jià)：ment (on)，remark (on/upon)，assessment 6.方式與方法：means，way，method (of); solution，approach (to doing sth)；(take) measures (to do sth) 7.目的：purpose，aim，goal,8.積極與消極：positive，negative 9.建議：advice，suggestion，tip 10.概括與總結(jié)：summary，conclusion 11.特點(diǎn)：feature，characteristic 12.種類：kind，type，category，class 13.精神上與身體上：mentally，physically 14.影響：influence，impact，effect (on) 15.情形，狀況：situation，condition 16.方面與項(xiàng)目條款：aspect，item 17.材料：materials,18.知識(shí)與消息：knowledge，information 19.日程計(jì)劃：schedule，agenda 20.百分比：percentage 21.性別：sex 22.年齡：age 23.(不)熟悉：familiar/unfamiliar 24.個(gè)人，個(gè)人的：individual 25.細(xì)節(jié)：description，detail 26.文化：culture 27.責(zé)任：(take) responsibility,28.貢獻(xiàn)：(make) contributions (to) 29.重要：value，importance，significance 30.比較：contrast，parison 31.時(shí)期：period，time 32.存在：existence，exist 33.人口：population 34.天氣與氣候：weather，climate 35.位置：location 36.主題：theme,37.背景：setting，background 38.情節(jié)：plot 39.高潮：climax 40.反對(duì)者與支持者：opponent，supporter,知識(shí)鏈接2同義替換常考詞匯,