第2講動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)和主謂一致,專題一語法知識(shí),真題診斷,考點(diǎn)突破,專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練,內(nèi)容索引,真題診斷,1.I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _ in the past two years.(2018江蘇，30) A.had been carried outB.would be carried out C.is being carried outD.has been carried out,解析,解析句意為：上個(gè)月我被派到那個(gè)村子里去看了看在過去的兩年里這個(gè)發(fā)展計(jì)劃實(shí)施得怎么樣了。根據(jù)in the past two years可知應(yīng)用完成時(shí)，先排除B、C兩項(xiàng)；再根據(jù)carry out發(fā)生在was sent之前，即“過去的過去”，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故選A。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,2.Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other，for we _ more convenient electronic munication tools by then.(2018江蘇，31) A.have developed B.had developed C.will have developed D.developed,解析,解析句意為：在2025年我們有望不用再互相發(fā)電子郵件了，因?yàn)榈侥菚r(shí)我們將已經(jīng)研制出更便捷的電子交流工具了。根據(jù)句中的in 2025以及by then可知，后面應(yīng)用將來完成時(shí)，故選C項(xiàng)。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,3.Hi，Im Peter.Are you new here？I havent seen you around. Hello，Peter.Im Bob.I just _ on Monday.(2018北京，1) A.start B.have started C.started D.had started,解析,解析句意為：你好，我是彼得。你是這兒新來的嗎？我沒有見過你。你好，彼得。我是鮑勃。我周一才開始(started)(上班)的。根據(jù)句意和時(shí)間狀語on Monday可知，應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,4.Susan had quit her well-paid job and _ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.(2018北京，4) A.is working B.was working C.has worked D.had worked,解析,解析when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句用的是一般過去時(shí)，由此可將A、C兩項(xiàng)排除(它們是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài))。本題應(yīng)該選B項(xiàng)，表示去年“我”去看望她時(shí)她正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。句意為：去年我去看望蘇珊的時(shí)候，她已經(jīng)辭去了高薪工作，正在社區(qū)做志愿工作。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,5.Chinas high-speed railways _ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.(2018北京，7) A.are growing B.have grown C.will grow D.had grown,解析,解析時(shí)間狀語in the past few years與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，由此可知應(yīng)該選B項(xiàng)。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,6.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ in the mountains for two days.(2018北京，9) A.are trapping B.have been trapped C.were trapping D.had been trapped,解析,解析根據(jù)risked可知，主句用了一般過去時(shí)，表示冒險(xiǎn)救人的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，因此游客被困在山里也應(yīng)該是過去的事情，排除A、B兩項(xiàng)； 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)不與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用，因此C項(xiàng)應(yīng)排除； 由此可知，應(yīng)該選D項(xiàng)，表示游客在被救之前已經(jīng)被困在山里兩天了。 句意為：一位救援人員冒著生命危險(xiǎn)救了兩名被困在山里兩天的游客。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,7.My washing machine _ this week，so I have to wash my clothes by hand.(2018天津，13) A.was repaired B.is repaired C.is being repaired D.has been repaired,解析,解析句意為：我的洗衣機(jī)本周正在被修理，因此我只好用手洗我的衣服。根據(jù)后面的“我只好用手洗衣服”可知洗衣機(jī)正在被修理，需用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,8.Hes been informed that he _ for the scholarship because of his academic background.(2017江蘇，31) A.hasnt qualified B.hadnt qualified C.doesnt qualify D.wasnt qualifying,解析,解析句意為：他被告知，因?yàn)槠浣逃尘?，他沒資格獲得這筆獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。本空的謂語動(dòng)詞qualify在這里用作不及物動(dòng)詞，表示“有資格，有權(quán)利”，此處并不表示延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作，而是說明“他不合格”這一實(shí)際情況，因此用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的否定式doesnt qualify。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,9. _that pany to see how they think of our product yesterday? Yes.They are happy with it.(2017北京，24) A.Did you call B.Have you called C.Will you call D.Were you calling,解析,解析句意為：昨天你給那家公司打電話詢問他們對(duì)我們的產(chǎn)品印象如何了嗎？打過了，他們對(duì)我們的產(chǎn)品很滿意。由yesterday(昨天)可知，句子用一般過去時(shí)。D項(xiàng)是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，與語境不符。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,10.Nowadays，cycling，along with jogging and swimming，_ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.(2017天津，6) A.regard B.is regarded C.are regarded D.regards,解析,解析句意為：如今，騎行與慢跑、游泳一起被認(rèn)為是最全面的運(yùn)動(dòng)方式之一。當(dāng)主語后面接由along with引起的短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和主語(cycling)保持一致，排除A、C兩項(xiàng)； cycling與regard之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，排除D項(xiàng)，故選B項(xiàng)。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,11.More efforts，as reported，_ in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.(2016江蘇，22) A.are made B.will be made C.are being made D.have been made,解析,解析句意為：正如報(bào)道的那樣，要加快供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)改革，今后幾年要付出更多的努力。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語in the years ahead可知，此處要用一般將來時(shí)，故選B。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,12.I _ half of the English novel，and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.(2016北京，25) A.read B.have read C.am reading D.will read,解析,解析句意為：我已經(jīng)讀完這本英文小說的一半了，我會(huì)爭(zhēng)取在周末讀完。前一分句表示到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，并且這個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在的情況仍有影響，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,13.The real reason why prices _，and still are，too high is plex，and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.(2015江蘇，30) A.were B.will be C.have been D.had been,解析,解析句意為：物價(jià)過去很高，現(xiàn)在依然居高不下，其真正原因是復(fù)雜的，不是兩三句話能圓滿解釋的。根據(jù)空格后面的and still are(而且現(xiàn)在仍然是)判斷，前面是指物價(jià)過去的情況，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，故選A項(xiàng)。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,14.In the last few years，China _ great achievements in environmental protection.(2015北京，26) A.has made B.had made C.was making D.is making,解析,解析句意為：在過去的幾年里，中國(guó)在環(huán)保方面已經(jīng)取得了巨大的成就。根據(jù)in the last few years可知，該句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，所以選A。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,15.Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment. All right.I _ him later.(2015北京，30) A.will call B.have called C.call D.will be calling,解析,解析句意為：杰克遜醫(yī)生現(xiàn)在不在辦公室里。好吧。我晚些時(shí)候再給他打電話。由時(shí)間副詞later可知，call是將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，此處應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)，所以答案為A。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,16.Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she _ a class at that time.(2015天津，6) A.will teach B.would teach C.has taught D.will be teaching,解析,解析句意為：簡(jiǎn)不能參加今天下午3點(diǎn)鐘的會(huì)議，因?yàn)樗莻€(gè)時(shí)候正在給一個(gè)班上課。時(shí)間狀語at that time指代at 3 oclock this afternoon，表示在將來的某一時(shí)刻正在做某事，故用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,診斷報(bào)告,解題方法,第一招：慧眼識(shí)別“時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志詞” 做時(shí)態(tài)題時(shí)首先要在題干中尋找時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志詞，不同的時(shí)間狀語代表動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段的不同。 常見的時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志詞有： 1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：always，every time，now and then，occasionally，seldom，sometimes，often，usually等。 2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：up to now，so far，recently，already，yet，in the past few years，for時(shí)間段，since時(shí)間點(diǎn)以及since引導(dǎo)的從句等。,3.過去完成時(shí)：by過去時(shí)間，by the end of過去時(shí)間，by the time.等。 4.將來進(jìn)行時(shí)：at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow，from 130 to 430 tomorrow/the day after tomorrow等。 5.將來完成時(shí)：by將來時(shí)間，by the end of將來時(shí)間，before.等。,第二招： “固定結(jié)構(gòu)”定答案 對(duì)含有固定結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)態(tài)題，要迅速定位，根據(jù)該句型選用正確的時(shí)態(tài)。 常見的固定結(jié)構(gòu)有： 1.had done sth. when.剛做完某事，這時(shí) 2.be doing sth. when.正在做某事，這時(shí) 3.在“It/This is the best (worst，most interesting等)名詞從句”中，從句中的謂語用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。,4.在“It/This/That is the first/second/third.timethat從句”中，that從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。在“It/This/That was the first/second/third.timethat從句”中，that從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。 5.在hardly/scarcely.when.，no sooner.than.句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)，意思為“一就”。 6.在“祈使句and/or陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，陳述句通常用一般將來時(shí)。,第三招：“語境暗示”找線索 近年來高考試題對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)考查的要求越來越高，大部分試題趨向情境化、實(shí)際化?？忌蹲接行畔ⅲ浞掷斫馇榫?，綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)，靈活答題。 第四招：先語態(tài)后時(shí)態(tài) 這一招很有效，在解決這類問題時(shí)，我們應(yīng)首先考慮語態(tài)問題，即動(dòng)詞與主語之間是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。利用這一原則可以直接得出某些試題的答案，或者可以有效地縮小選擇范圍，提高解題的準(zhǔn)確度。,考點(diǎn)突破,考點(diǎn)1時(shí)態(tài),1.People _ better access to health care than they used to，and theyre living longer as a result.(2017北京，33) A.will have B.have C.had D.had had,解析,解析句意為：人們有了比過去更便捷的醫(yī)療服務(wù)，結(jié)果，人們更長(zhǎng)壽了。句子說的是現(xiàn)在的情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，選B項(xiàng)。have access to有權(quán)使用，有機(jī)會(huì)接近。,答案,一般時(shí),2.Is Peter ing? No，he_ his mind after a phone call at the last minute. A.changes B.changed C.was changing D.had changed,解析,解析句意為：彼得會(huì)來嗎？不來了，他打完電話之后的最后一刻改變了主意。根據(jù)句子的時(shí)間狀語“after a phone call at the last minute”可知，彼得改變主意是過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，因此應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)。,答案,3.What time is it? I have no idea.But just a minute，I _ it for you. A.check B.checked C.will check D.would check,解析,解析句意為：幾點(diǎn)了？我不知道。稍等，我?guī)湍憧匆幌?。由just a minute可知，下文表示臨時(shí)的決定，應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)，故選C項(xiàng)。,答案,考點(diǎn)歸納,1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) (1)表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常、反復(fù)、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或永久性的狀態(tài)。 (2)表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理。 (3)如果主句是一般將來時(shí)，那么在由when，while，before，after，until，as soon as，if等引導(dǎo)的表示將來行為的時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)代替一般將來時(shí)態(tài)，表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。,2.一般過去時(shí)僅說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系，常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性。 (1)After Jack had sent some e-mails，he started working on his project. 杰克發(fā)了一些電子郵件后，就開始做起他的項(xiàng)目。 (2)James has just arrived，but I didnt know he was ing until yesterday. 詹姆斯剛剛已經(jīng)到了，但是直到昨天我才知道他要來。,3.一般將來時(shí) be going to表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的事情；而will不強(qiáng)調(diào)行為的計(jì)劃性，多指臨時(shí)的決定或安排。 Mary is ill.I am going to visit her. Sorry，I didnt know.I will go with you. 瑪麗病了，我打算去看她。 抱歉，我不知道，我和你一起去。,1.How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing? Well，the media _ it in a variety of forms. A.cover B.will cover C.have covered D.covered,解析,解析句意為：你對(duì)即將在南京舉行的青奧會(huì)了解多少？嗯，媒體已經(jīng)以各種各樣的形式對(duì)它進(jìn)行了報(bào)道。由句意可知cover的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。,答案,完成時(shí),2.When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I _ for years. A.didnt see B.havent seen C.hadnt seen D.wouldnt see,解析,解析句意為：沿街走路時(shí)，我偶然遇到了戴維，我們已有好幾年沒見了?！皼]見”表示的動(dòng)作在came across之前，且for years是完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志，所以應(yīng)選表示過去完成時(shí)的hadnt seen。,答案,考點(diǎn)歸納,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或情況，常與一段時(shí)間連用或表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常與already，ever，never，yet，just等詞連用。 辨析一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性或永久性的狀態(tài)；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在已完成，但這個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響。 The manager has just left.If only you had e a moment earlier. 經(jīng)理剛走，你要是能早來一會(huì)就好了。,1.Hi，lets go skating. Sorry，Im busy right now.I _ in an application form for a new job. A.fill B.have filled C.am filling D.will fill,解析,解析句意為：嗨，我們?nèi)セ?。抱歉，我現(xiàn)在很忙。我正在填一份新工作的申請(qǐng)表。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語right now的提示可知，空格處應(yīng)為一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，故用進(jìn)行時(shí)。,答案,進(jìn)行時(shí),2.I_ down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.(2017天津，8) A.was driving B.have driven C.would drive D.drove,解析,解析句意為：我正開車(was driving)去倫敦，這時(shí)突然發(fā)現(xiàn)我走錯(cuò)路了。be doing.when.是固定句式，表示“正在做這時(shí)”。,答案,3.Dashan，who _ crosstalk，the Chinese edic tradition，for decades，wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition. A.will be learning B.is learning C.had been learning D.has been learning,解析,解析句意為：大山已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)相聲中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)喜劇形式數(shù)十年了，他想把中國(guó)相聲與西方單口相聲融合起來。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語for decades和主句謂語動(dòng)詞wants可知，此處表示從過去到現(xiàn)在(有可能延續(xù)到將來)的動(dòng)作，故此處要用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。,答案,考點(diǎn)歸納,1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或現(xiàn)階段一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作(說話時(shí)未必正在做)。另外，在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來；go，e，leave，start，arrive，take，meet等表示趨向的動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示將來。 (1)Teenagers are damaging their health because they play puter games too much. 青少年正在損害自己的健康，因?yàn)樗麄兺骐娔X游戲時(shí)間太長(zhǎng)了。 (2)Hurry up! Mark and Carl are expecting us. 快點(diǎn)！馬克和卡爾正在等我們。,2.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)在過去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。另外，正如現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)可表示將來一樣，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示過去的將來。 3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成，側(cè)重于結(jié)果或影響；而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還在進(jìn)行或剛剛完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性。,考點(diǎn)2被動(dòng)語態(tài),1.To my delight，I _ from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony. A.was chosen B.was being chosen C.would choose D.had chosen,解析,解析句意為：令我高興的是，我從幾百位申請(qǐng)者中被選出來參加開幕式。首先，句子主語I和choose之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；其次，本句是對(duì)過去所發(fā)生的事情的客觀描述，所以用一般過去時(shí)。故答案為A項(xiàng)。,答案,2.In the 1950s in the USA，most families had just one phone at home，and wireless phones _ yet.(2017北京，29) A.havent inventedB.havent been invented C.hadnt inventedD.hadnt been invented,解析,解析句意為：在20世紀(jì)50年代的美國(guó)，大多數(shù)家庭家里僅有一部電話，無線電話還沒有被發(fā)明出來。由in the 1950s可知句子說的是過去發(fā)生的事情，又由yet可知，要用完成時(shí)，故空格處用過去完成時(shí)；又因phones與invent之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。綜合可知，選D項(xiàng)。,答案,3.He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he_.(2017江蘇，27) A.was being followed B.was following C.had been followed D.followed,解析,解析句意為：他匆忙回家了，一次也不曾回頭看看有沒有人在跟蹤他。這里if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻(hurried home)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。又因he與follow之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。綜合可知選A項(xiàng)。,答案,考點(diǎn)歸納,1.只有及物動(dòng)詞或短語才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)；不及物動(dòng)詞或短語無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 (1)Many stars appear in the sky at night. 晚上天空會(huì)出現(xiàn)很多星星。 (2)Great changes have taken place in my hometown since the reform and opening. 改革開放以來，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。,2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成為“be過去分詞”，只要變換be的形式就可以得到不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)；除be外被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式還有：get/bee過去分詞。 (1)Her car got stolen at the weekend.她的車在周末被人偷了。 (2)Tigers bee endangered.老虎瀕臨滅絕。 3.感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞使用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，主動(dòng)語態(tài)中不帶to，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，須加上to。如：let，have，see，notice，watch，listen to，hear，observe，feel等。 The boss makes them work twelve hours every day. They are made to work twelve hours every day. 老板讓他們每天工作十二小時(shí)。,4.主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義： 系動(dòng)詞feel，look，seem，appear，taste，sound，smell，prove，remain等用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，主語通常是事物。 (1)The water feels warm.水摸起來很暖和。 (2)The dish smells good.這道菜聞起來很香。 表示開始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動(dòng)的詞如begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，shut等。 (1)When does the concert begin? 音樂會(huì)什么時(shí)候開始？,(2)The windows wouldnt open. 窗子打不開了。 表示主語的某種屬性的詞：read，write，act，cut，draw，drive，sell，wash，clean，wear，open，cook，lock，look，shut等。 (1)The cloth washes well.這種布料好洗。 (2)The book sells quickly.這書銷售得快。 (3)Cheese cuts easily.奶酪很好切。,考點(diǎn)3主謂一致,The publication of Great Expectations，which_both widely reviewed and highly praised，strengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist.(2017江蘇，24) A.is B.are C.was D.were,解析句意為：遠(yuǎn)大前程這部小說的出版受到廣泛評(píng)論和高度贊揚(yáng)，這鞏固了狄更斯作為頂尖小說家的地位?？崭裉幣c后面的reviewed和praised一起構(gòu)成定語從句的謂語，根據(jù)主句謂語strengthened判斷這里用一般過去時(shí)；定語從句的關(guān)系詞which指代主句的“the publication of Great Expectations”，主語核心詞是publication，故be動(dòng)詞用was。因此選C。,解析,答案,考點(diǎn)歸納,(一)意義一致原則 1.由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)(不可分割的整體)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 (1)A needle and thread was given to her，but she could not sew the button on. 針線給了她，但她不會(huì)把紐扣縫起來。 (2)War and peace is a constant theme in history. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平是歷史上一個(gè)永恒的主題。 2.no，each，every等限定的名詞由and連接作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。,3.非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 4.含修飾語的名詞作主語的特殊情況 (1)many a/more than one單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Many a large and big business has been built up from small ones. 很多大企業(yè)都是從小規(guī)模發(fā)展起來的。 (2)the rest，the remaining/part .主語，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)所表達(dá)的單復(fù)數(shù)意義而定。 (3)分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)指代或修飾名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于它們所表示的意義。,(二)就近一致原則 1.由or，nor，either .or，neither .nor，not only .but (also).連接的并列主語，通常根據(jù)就近一致原則，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要和與它鄰近的主語的數(shù)保持一致。 (1)Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 要么是你或者你的一名學(xué)生應(yīng)該出席明天的會(huì)議。 (2)Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film. 不僅學(xué)生而且老師也喜歡這部電影。 2.there be句型中，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。,(三)語法一致原則 1.主語和謂語通常遵循語法一致的原則，即主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of chemicals in farming is damaging our health. 所有的科學(xué)證據(jù)表明，農(nóng)業(yè)上越來越多地使用化工產(chǎn)品正在損害我們的健康。,2.a quantity of接名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。quantities of后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 With more and more forests being destroyed，a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year. With more and more forests being destroyed，quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 隨著越來越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被沖走。,3.由“kind(form，type，sort，species，portion，series) of”等修飾的主語，其謂語形式常取決于這些詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。 4.主語后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等附屬成分時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一致。,專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,1.I havent met Mr Smith these days. Oh，I forgot to tell you.He _ from his post in our college. (2018南通、泰州一模，23) A.resigned B.has resigned C.had resigned D.would resign,解析,解析句意為：我這些天都沒見到史密斯先生。我忘記告訴你他已經(jīng)從我們學(xué)院辭職了。他辭職這件事對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響，又無過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選B。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,2.I thought tomorrow was the deadline for my confirmation. Never mind! Call me later and tell me what you _ then. (2018南通、泰州一模，33) A.would think B.had thought C.think D.thought,解析,解析答語句意為：不用擔(dān)心！晚點(diǎn)給我打電話并告訴我，你到時(shí)候是怎么想的。then暗示是到時(shí)候的想法，think用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，故選C。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,3.Tom as well as two of his classmates _ invited to the party. A.are B.will be C.is D.be,解析,解析as well as連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與前者一致。Tom為第三人稱單數(shù)，故選C。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,4.People from across the world gathered in London to hear Big Bens last regular chime and some of them even cried，as if they _ a friends funeral.(2018蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)二調(diào)，23) A.attended B.have attended C.were attending D.would attend,解析,解析句意為：來自世界各地的人們聚集到倫敦來聽大本鐘的最后一次鐘聲，許多人甚至都哭了就好像他們正在參加某位朋友的葬禮。根據(jù)句意可知，用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，故選C。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,5.Free subway newspapers，which appeared at the beginning of the 21st century in China，_ at the subway stations in the rush hour.(2018無錫高三上期末，25) A.are usually handed outB.usually hand out C.were usually handed outD.had usually been handed out,解析,解析句意為：21世紀(jì)初出現(xiàn)在中國(guó)的免費(fèi)的地鐵站報(bào)紙一般在地鐵站交通高峰期被發(fā)放。首先報(bào)紙是被發(fā)放的，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，排除B，其次作為一個(gè)事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故選A。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,6.Ladies and gentlemen，we _ at Changzhou Station，please get ready to get off the train.(2018常州期末統(tǒng)考，21) A.are to arrive B.are arriving C.are going to arrive D.will arrive,解析,解析句意為：女士們先生們，我們即將到達(dá)常州站，下車的乘客請(qǐng)做好準(zhǔn)備。arrive常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。故選B。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,7.The great poet and writer _ ing to our school talking about Chinese literature and painting next week. A.is B.was C.are D.were,解析,解析句意為：那位偉大的作家兼詩人將在下周來我們學(xué)校給我們講中國(guó)文學(xué)和繪畫。當(dāng)and連接并列主語表示同一概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。本句主語表示的是一個(gè)人的兩種身份。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,8.A former Chinese soldier，who _ in India for half a century，flew home to China on February 11,2017.(2017鹽城三模，25) A.trapped B.had trapped C.has been trapped D.had been trapped,解析,解析句意為：一位中國(guó)老兵被困印度半個(gè)多世紀(jì)，終于在2017年2月11日乘飛機(jī)回到了中國(guó)的家。由a former Chinese soldier與trap之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系可知，要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；被困的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在flew所表示的動(dòng)作之前，故用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,9.As is expected，it will still be some years before all the metro lines in our city _ into operation.(2017無錫期末，24) A.will be put B.are put C.will have been put D.have been put,解析,解析句意為：正如所預(yù)料的，我們城市所有的地鐵線路還要過幾年才能被啟用。在before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,10.Towering over the surrounding buildings _ the Suning skyscraper，which reaches nearly 400 meters in height，making it a new landmark of Zhenjiang.(2018鎮(zhèn)江一模，23) A.are B.has C.is D.have,解析,解析考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)及主謂一致。句意為：蘇寧大廈高聳于周邊建筑之上，達(dá)到了近400米高，成了鎮(zhèn)江的一個(gè)新地標(biāo)。本句為倒裝句。主語是the Suning skyscraper，be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)is，故選C項(xiàng)。,答案,