,代詞：01題。一般給出人稱代詞的主格，要求考生填其賓格、名詞性或形容詞性物主代詞、反身代詞等。,01題。主要考查形容詞和副詞詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換，以及其比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。,形容詞和副詞類,01題。主要考查可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，也可能會(huì)考查名詞的所有格。,名詞,13題?？疾榉绞接袆?dòng)詞派生為名詞、名詞派生為形容詞或動(dòng)詞、形容詞派生為副詞等。每種最多設(shè)1題。,派生詞,12題?？疾椴欢ㄊ健?dòng)名詞與分詞，每種最多設(shè)1題。,非謂語 動(dòng)詞,12題。考查時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致，其中涉及語態(tài)方面的不超過1題，答案最多三個(gè)單詞。,謂語動(dòng)詞,01題。包括助動(dòng)詞(如強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞的do, does, did；構(gòu)成部分倒裝的do, does, did；構(gòu)成一般疑問句的do, does, did)，構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的it或that，連接性副詞(before, ago, however, anyway .)等。,其他,01題。并列句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞也偶有涉及。,并列連詞,02題。側(cè)重于定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。此外，名詞性從句、狀語從句也偶有涉及。,從屬關(guān)聯(lián)詞,01題。重點(diǎn)考查冠詞的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠詞，一般不涉及零冠詞。,冠詞,01題。重點(diǎn)考查常見介詞的基本用法或固定搭配中的介詞，一般不涉及短語介詞。,介詞,分析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，前半句是由while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，后半句是主句，主句中含有一個(gè)賓語從句，即it .or swimming作says的賓語。又因此處是對(duì)客觀情況的描述，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，再根據(jù)主謂一致原則可知，應(yīng)填is。,(2018全國卷)While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it _64_ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.,典例1,若句中無謂語動(dòng)詞，或者雖然已有謂語動(dòng)詞，但需填的動(dòng)詞與之是并列關(guān)系時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞就是謂語動(dòng)詞；此時(shí)，應(yīng)先考慮時(shí)態(tài)，考生可以根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語或語篇提示確定時(shí)態(tài)，然后考慮語態(tài)，最后需考慮主謂一致和語氣問題，來確定謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。,分析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，when the government _68_ (start) a soiltesting program為關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞為2005。通過分析定語從句可知從句中缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，再根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語between 2005可知應(yīng)填一般過去時(shí)，根據(jù)句意可知需用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填started。,(2018全國卷)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 when the government _68_ (start) a soiltesting program that gives specific fertilizer remendations to farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.,典例3,分析：分析句子成分可知，空格所在的句子中缺少謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語Since 2011可知，謂語動(dòng)詞需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，再根據(jù)主謂一致原則可知填has grown。,(2018全國卷)Diets have changed in China and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country _61_ (grow) more corn than rice.,典例2,解題 攻略,分析：第一句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞dont have to run，故空格處應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)填不定式to see，作目的狀語。第二句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞reduce，故空格處應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞。又因空格前有介詞of，結(jié)合句意可知，應(yīng)填dying，作介詞of的賓語。,(2018全國卷)You dont have to run fast or for long _62_ (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _63_ (die) early by running.,典例4,若句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞，空處又不在句中作并列謂語時(shí)，所要填的通常是非謂語動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)需進(jìn)一步確定是非謂語動(dòng)詞的哪種形式。一般來說，作主語、賓語、表語、定語通常用動(dòng)名詞形式；此外，doing表示主動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行；done表示被動(dòng)、完成；to do表示尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。,分析：分析句子成分可知，句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞offers，再根據(jù)空格前有從屬連詞while可知，“while _70_ (feed) its citizens”為時(shí)間狀語從句的省略結(jié)構(gòu)，所填的詞與其邏輯主語China之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)填現(xiàn)在分詞feeding。,(2018全國卷)Chinas approach to protecting its environment while _70_ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the banks Juergen Voegele.,典例6,分析：句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞encourages，故空格處應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)填不定式to improve，作目的狀語。,(2018全國卷)Another reason for corns rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice _64_ (improve) water quality.,典例5,分析：when引導(dǎo)的從句中已經(jīng)有謂語動(dòng)詞was，且從句中無其他連詞，故空處應(yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞。reporter與permit之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表被動(dòng)。過去分詞短語permitted to .作后置定語，修飾reporter。故填permitted。,(2016全國卷)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter _66_(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.,典例7,解題 攻略,分析：由前面的定冠詞the可知，其后應(yīng)接名詞，故填introduction。,(2017全國卷) This development was only possible with the _69_ (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts.,典例9,分析：分析句子成分可知空格前面有謂語動(dòng)詞has decreased，其后缺少賓語，故填名詞pollution。,(2018全國卷)This switch has decreased _66_ (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.,典例8,有時(shí)所給提示詞雖然是動(dòng)詞，但是空格處既不是考查謂語動(dòng)詞也不是考查非謂語動(dòng)詞，而是要求填所給詞的派生詞。此時(shí)要結(jié)合空格處前后的修飾詞來確定所給提示詞應(yīng)派生為哪種詞性。一般考查動(dòng)詞派生為名詞，有時(shí)還需考慮動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~甚至副詞。,解題 攻略,分析：分析句子成分可知，from all _67_ (cause)為介詞短語作后置定語，空處位于介詞之后作賓語，又因空格前面有all，所以填其復(fù)數(shù)形式causes。,(2018全國卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _67_ (cause),典例10,所給提示詞為名詞時(shí)，通常考查可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)，或名詞派生為形容詞、動(dòng)詞等。,分析：根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合空前的the most可知，空處表達(dá)最高級(jí)意義。故填successful。,(2017全國卷)The Central London Railway was one of the most _70_ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.,典例12,分析：分析句子成分可知，空格前面有謂語動(dòng)詞do，再根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞形式，與空前的不定式符號(hào)to構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中作目的狀語。故填strengthen。,(2018全國卷)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to _68_ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.,典例11,解題 攻略,分析：分析句子成分可知，空處在句中作狀語，修飾謂語動(dòng)詞is應(yīng)用副詞。故填actually。,(2018全國卷)A taste for meat is _63_ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.,典例14,分析：根據(jù)空格后面的than可知，此處考查比較級(jí)形式，故填longer。,(2018全國卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years _61_ (long) than nonrunners.,典例13,當(dāng)提示詞為形容詞或副詞時(shí)，需考慮是否是考查比較級(jí)或形容詞和副詞之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換。當(dāng)提示詞為形容詞時(shí)，還要考慮是否需要轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞形式。,解題 攻略,分析：mother是名詞，所填詞作定語修飾mother，故填其形容詞性物主代詞its。,(2016全國卷)On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by _68_ (it) mother.,典例16,分析：因空處作動(dòng)詞find的賓語，故應(yīng)填人稱代詞的賓格形式，即them。,(2018全國卷)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _68_ (they) alive.,典例15,所給提示詞是代詞時(shí)，一般考查人稱代詞變?yōu)槲镏鞔~。有時(shí)需考慮人稱代詞單數(shù)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)、主格變?yōu)橘e格、人稱代詞變?yōu)榉瓷泶~等。,解題 攻略,分析：travel to and from work表示“上下班”，故填from。,(2017全國卷)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and _62_ work.,典例2,分析：search for是固定搭配，表示“尋找”，此處指“我”在尋找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。故填for。,(2018全國卷)My name is Mireya Mayor. Im a scientist who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching _67_ these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.,典例1,當(dāng)名詞或代詞在句中不作主語、表語或動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)，其前面一般是填介詞。對(duì)介詞的考查通常側(cè)重于固定搭配中的介詞及常見介詞的習(xí)慣用法。,解題 攻略,分析：固定短語at the top of“在的頂部”，此處表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。故填the。,(2018全國卷)Unexpectedly, Im facetoface with the gorilla, who begins screaming at _62_ top of her lungs.,典例4,分析：句意：玉米產(chǎn)量在過去25年里增長了近125%，而大米只增長了7%。特指在過去的25年里。故填定冠詞the。,(2018全國卷)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _62_ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.,典例3,當(dāng)空格后有名詞而且兩者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含義，或者空格處修飾序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)、表示特指意義的比較級(jí)等形式時(shí)，那么空格處一般是填冠詞。有時(shí)還考查冠詞在一些固定搭配中的用法。,解題 攻略,分析：根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“隨著”或“當(dāng)時(shí)候”，故填as/when。,(2016全國卷)Over time, _45_ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.,典例6,分析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞a study，并在定語從句中作主語，故填that/which。,(2018全國卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _66_ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.,典例5,當(dāng)空格前后為兩個(gè)句子，且其中一個(gè)句子在另一句中充當(dāng)某一句子成分時(shí)，空格處應(yīng)填從屬關(guān)聯(lián)詞。一般情況下，考查的是定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，有時(shí)也考查名詞性從句或狀語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。,解題攻略,分析：根據(jù)比較級(jí)less可知，此處將玉米和水稻用水量進(jìn)行比較，需填連詞，故填than。,(2018全國卷)Another reason for corns rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve water quality. Corn uses less water _65_ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.,典例7,當(dāng)空格前后是同一層次并具有相同句法功能的詞、短語或句子時(shí)，空格處一般是填并列連詞。,Thank You !,