第四章 動詞和時態(tài),第一節(jié) 動 詞,知識梳理,一、動詞的概念與分類 動詞是句子中表示動作或者狀態(tài)的詞。根據(jù)動詞的詞義和在句中的作用，可以將動詞劃分為如下幾類：,二、動詞的基本形式 1. 情態(tài)動詞:沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后面接動詞原形。 如： I can play basketball well. Mike can speak Chinese. 2. be動詞:根據(jù)人稱和時態(tài)的不同，呈現(xiàn)不同形式。 如：現(xiàn)在時： I am very happy today. Mike is an American boy. They are playing in the snow. 過去時： He was in Grade 3 last year. We were at home yesterday. 將來時： There will be a match between Class 1and Class 2 tomorrow.,3. 助動詞:不能單獨在句中使用，在句中的作用是幫助構(gòu)成否定、疑問等句式。 如： We do not (dont) have classes on Saturdays. My father does not (doesnt) work in the hospital. Did you go swimming last weekend?,4. 實義動詞:小學(xué)階段所學(xué)的實義動詞有四種形式，即動詞原形、第三人稱單數(shù)形式、現(xiàn)在分詞形式(動詞的ing形式)和過去式形式。 如:,(1)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成 一般情況下，在動詞詞尾加s。如：workworks，looklooks，wantwants 以ch, sh, s, x, o結(jié)尾的動詞，在詞尾加es。 如：teachteaches，washwashes，dress(裝扮)dresses，fix(安裝)fixes，gogoes 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，改y為i，再加es。如：flyflies，crycries 【注】playplays, buybuys 不規(guī)則變化。如：havehas，beis,(2)動詞現(xiàn)在分詞形式的構(gòu)成 一般情況下，在動詞詞尾加ing。如：gogoing，playplaying 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，去e再加ing。如：writewriting，comecoming 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且詞尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，雙寫最后這個輔音字母再加ing。 如：runrunning，swimswimming，shop shopping 以ie結(jié)尾的動詞，將ie改為y，再加ing。如： diedying，lielying,(3)動詞過去式的構(gòu)成 一般情況下，在動詞詞尾加ed。如：workworked，playplayed等 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，在詞尾加d。如：closeclosed，arrivearrived 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，改y為i，再加ed。如：crycried，studystudied 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且詞尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，雙寫最后這個輔音字母再加ed。 如：stopstopped，dropdropped,動詞的不規(guī)則變化(見下表),考點精析,考點1 考查動詞的變化形式 【例1】根據(jù)句意和單詞首字母提示填寫動詞，并注意其動詞的形式。 1.Can you s English songs? 2.She usually g to school at 7:00. 3.Look!Amy is w TV. 4.I c my room last night.,解析:本題考查動詞基本形式的寫法和用法。在做此題時，不僅要考慮主語的人稱，還要注意句子的時態(tài)，這樣才能根據(jù)句意和首字母提示填寫出動詞的正確形式。第1小題應(yīng)填寫動詞原形sing，因為情態(tài)動詞can后要加動詞原形。第2小題的主語是第三人稱，句子又是陳述習(xí)慣性的動作。謂語動詞應(yīng)使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式goes。第3小題中的look一詞提示了本題要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，所以要用現(xiàn)在分詞watching。第4題由last night 這一時間狀語可知本題要用一般過去時，所以謂語動詞應(yīng)填過去式cleaned。 答案： 1. sing 2. goes 3. watching 4. cleaned,舉一反三 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1.The cat _ (run) around the tree. 2.They are _(clean) their classroom. 3.I _(have) a cold last week. 4.Dont _ (talk) loudly in the library. 5.My mother _(make) a big cake last month. 6.What _(do) she do last night? 7.My aunt often _ (go) shopping on Sundays. 8.Sarah _(buy) a red bag yesterday.,runs,cleaning,had,talk,made,did,goes,bought,考點2 考查助動詞、be動詞的使用 【例2】 選擇適當(dāng)?shù)闹鷦釉~填空。 1. He not do homework on Friday evening. 2. you have crayons? 3. Tom not read English this morning.,解析: 本題考查學(xué)生對助動詞 do的三種形式的正確運用。第1小題中on Friday evening 是常態(tài)，用一般現(xiàn)在時，而主語he 是三單形式，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時的三單形式 does; 第2小題 you 是非三單形式，用do；第3小題中this morning 表示過去的時間，且過去式不受人稱影響，故用did。 答案：1. does 2. Do 3. did,舉一反三 1. 用be動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 (1) I _ in Grade Six this year. Last year， I _ in Grade Five. (2) There _ many tall buildings here now. Twenty years ago， there _ some small houses. (3) Mike and Jack _ twin brothers. They look the same. (4) I want to _ a teacher in the future. 2. 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 (1) _(will) you like some tea？ (2) _ (do) he watch TV last night？,am,was,are,were,are,be,Would,Did,考點3 考查情態(tài)動詞的使用 【例3】單項填空。 ( )He _ read the book now. A.is can B.cans C. can 解析:本題考查情態(tài)動詞的正確使用。情態(tài)動詞can的用法很容易混淆。can和be動詞或其他的助動詞不能同時出現(xiàn)在句中；can不受人稱的影響，故不存在cans的形式；在本題中還要分析清楚，now不表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。 答案：C,舉一反三 1. 選詞填空。 (1)_ I use your pen？ (2)What _ I do then？ (3)You _ be a middle school student. (4)We _ do something for Grandpa Li. (5) _ we go now？,Shall,May/Can,should,must,can,2. 按要求完成下列各題。 (1) I can speak Chinese and English well. (改成否定句) _ (2) 當(dāng)你想提醒朋友，讓他周末要幫助媽媽做家務(wù)時，你可以說： _ _ (3) 你想告訴想要闖紅燈的人，紅燈必須停，你應(yīng)該說： _,You must stop at a red light.,I cant speak Chinese or English well.,You should do some housework for your mother on weekends.,考點4 考查動詞的綜合運用 【例4】用read的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. You can (read) the book in the library. 2. She (read) a book now. 3. Can I (read) this book now? 4. My father (read) newspapers every morning. 5. Did you （read）the comic book? Yes, I （read）it yesterday.,解析:本題圍繞一個詞read 展開，考查了不同時態(tài)、不同人稱情況下，實義動詞的用法。第1小題中can+原形動詞；第2小題now表示的是現(xiàn)在，體現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，she 是三單形式，故而 be+動詞的ing形式是本小題需要的答案；第3小題不管后面出現(xiàn)什么，can+原形動詞；第4小題every morning 體現(xiàn)一般現(xiàn)在時，而my father是第三人稱，故而動詞要用三單形式；第5小題did 之后加動詞原形，答句中用過去式形式, read 的過去式和原形同形。 答案:1. read 2. is reading 3. read 4. reads 5. read; read,舉一反三 1. 用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 (1) We _(like) music. Now we _ (sing). (2) Lets _(go) to the cinema. (3) He _(is) ill yesterday. (4) Can you _clean) the table now？ (5) Do you _ (go) to the park on Saturdays？,like,are singing,go,was,clean,go,2. 單項填空。 ( ) (1) What did he _ yesterday? A.do B.does C.did ( ) (2) He is _ with his friend. A.talked B.talking C.talks,A,B,( ) (3) How is he feeling?He _ better. A.feels B.is feel C.is feeling ( ) (4) What are you doing?Im _ dinner. A.cook B.cooks C.cooking ( ) (5) Dont _ TV. A.watch B.watching C.watches,A,C,A,過關(guān)檢測,一、按要求改寫下列單詞。 1.have（第三人稱單數(shù)形式）_ 2.do（現(xiàn)在分詞）_ 3.slept（動詞原形）_ 4.take（動詞過去式）_,has,doing,sleep,took,e（反義詞）_ 6.wash（第三人稱單數(shù)形式）_ 7.driver（動詞形式） _ 8.write（動詞過去式）_ 9.sit（動詞過去式）_ 10.told（動詞原形）_,go,washes,drive,wrote,sat,tell,二、選詞填空，將下列短文補充完整。 My name is Sarah.I 1._an American girl but I 2._ in Guangzhou with my parents now. My father is a teacher.He 3._English.He likes 4._ pictures. Usually myfather 5._ to work by car,but yesterday he 6. _ by bus.My mother is a nurse.She 7._ in a big hospital. She often 8._ to work.She 9._ playing baseball very much.We often 10._ it together.,am,live,teaches,drawing,goes,went,works,walks,likes,play,三、用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. _(be) these your shoes? 2. I can _(play) football every day. 3. I want to _(buy) some flowers for my mother. 4. Listen!Who is _(sing) over there? 5. He _(do) morning exercises every morning. 6. _ your mother _(wash) the clothes every day? 7. He _(not teach) English in our school. 8. He _(leave) his homework at home this morning.,Are,play,buy,singing,does,wash,Does,doesnt teach,left,9. Where _(be) the twins last night? 10. Can I _(watch) TV now? 11. My father likes _(collect) stamps. 12. Joes aunt _(work) in a factory last year. 13. We should _(help) each other. 14. The sun _(rise) in the east. 15. No _(smoke)! 16. _(have) this orange, please. 17. She _(stay) at home today. 18. Jack is good at _(run), and he is _(run) on the playground now.,were,watch,collecting,worked,help,rises,smoking,Have,stays,running,running,四、用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. Last term we _(have) eight subjects. We all _(study) very hard. 2. They _(go) to the park next Friday. 3. Its 10:00 in the morning. The pupils _(have) lessons in the classrooms now.,had,studied,will go / are going,are having,4. My mother _(go) shopping in the morning and _(take) exercise in the afternoon every day. 5. It _(be) always rainy and foggy last weekend, but this week it _(be) much _(good). 6. My brother and my sister _(be not) in China last year. They _(go) to England to _(study) English.,goes,takes,was,is,better,werent,went,study,7. Listen! Who _(sing)? Oh, this is Miss Green. She always _(sing) and _(dance) in the music room after school. Next Monday she _ (sing) for us in class. 8. _ your friends _(come) to your birthday party yesterday? Yes, and they _(give) me a lot of birthday presents.,is singing,sings,dances,will/is going to sing,Did,come,gave,五、單項填空。 ( )1. Can I _ your bike? Sure. A. ride B. riding C. to ride ( )2. My father _ a new car. He _ it very much. A. have; like B. has; likes C. has; like,A,B,( )3. _ he often _ his homework at school? A. Does; do B. Does; does C. Do; does ( )4. What is she doing? She _. A. sings B. will dance C. is tidying her room ( )5. I want to go _. A. swim B. to swimming C. swimming,A,C,C,( )6. The sun _ down in the west. A. go B. is going to C. goes ( )7. Mary often helps her mum _ the dishes. A. does B. do C. doing ( )8. I enjoy _ to music. A. listen B. listening C. listened,C,B,B,( )9. Father _ on his coat and went out. A. puts B. put C. putting ( )10. I _ to the teacher, but I didnt _ him. A. listen; heard B. listened; heard C. listened; hear ( )11. He _ after he finishes his homework. A. plays B. is going to play C. played,B,C,B,( )12. What _ you _ last weekend? A. will; do B. does; do C. did; do ( )13. Tony _ to school by bike last year. A. goes B. went C. will go ( )14. Mr Smith _ to see you in an hour. A. came B. comes C. will come,C,B,C,( )15. How soon _ they _ back from work? A. do; come B. did; come C. will; come ( )16. We _ TV at home this time yesterday afternoon. A. were watching B. watch C. would watch ( )17. Where _ you this morning? I _ at a meeting. A. were; was B. are; am C. do; am,C,A,A,( )18. My friend Peter _ very well. A. swim B. running C. sings ( )19. Li Lei _ like fish, but his sister _. A. dont; do B. doesnt; does C. isnt; is ( )20. Dont _ in class. Lets _ to the teacher. A. talking; listening B. talks; listens C. talk; listen,C,B,C,六、按要求完成下列句子。 1.Jenny will be a doctor in the future.（改為一般疑問句） _ 2.He did his homework last night.（改為一般疑問句，并作肯定回答） _ _,Will Jenny be a doctor in the future?,Did he do his homework last night?,Yes,he did.,3.He is _.（就畫線部分提問） _ 4.Sarah can swim.（改為否定句） _ 5.My friend and I are going to play baseball next week.（用last week 改寫） _,What is he doing?,listening to music,Sarah cant swim.,My friend and I played baseball last week.,