專題三介詞和介詞短語(yǔ),考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)十,考點(diǎn)九,1.in用在表示年、季節(jié)、月份,或泛指上午、下午或晚上的名詞前;on用在表示某一天,某一天的上午、下午或晚上的名詞前;at用在表示某一時(shí)刻或時(shí)間上的某一點(diǎn)的詞前。 We will have a meeting at 8 oclock in the morning on Sunday. 我們將在星期天早上八點(diǎn)鐘開會(huì)。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)十,考點(diǎn)九,2.for后接“一段時(shí)間”,表示某事持續(xù)多久,多與完成時(shí)連用;during表示“在期間”;through表示“一直,自始至終”。 (201711浙江,聽力)Im so worried.I havent heard from my sister for two weeks. 我非常擔(dān)心。我已經(jīng)有兩周沒有收到妹妹的來信了。 (2017全國(guó),完形填空)The story began during my first week at college. 故事發(fā)生在我大學(xué)的第一周。 They worked hard through the winter. 整個(gè)冬天他們都在努力工作。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)十,考點(diǎn)九,3.from,since from表示時(shí)間的起點(diǎn),意為“從”,多用于“from.to/till.”中;since表示“自從以來”。 I have been waiting here from morning till noon. 我在這里從早上等到中午。 (2016北京)Since 1992,there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild,and there are now more than 150 flying over California. 自1992年以來,已經(jīng)有多次重新引入野生動(dòng)物,目前有150多只飛翔在加州上空。 注意:for和since都常與完成時(shí)連用,但for接時(shí)間段,since接時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如for two hours(持續(xù))兩小時(shí);since last week從上周直到現(xiàn)在。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)十,考點(diǎn)九,4.before,by,till,until before指“在之前”,與after相對(duì)。by指“不遲于,到時(shí)為止,在以前”,by后接過去時(shí)間,常與過去完成時(shí)連用;by后接將來時(shí)間,常與將來完成時(shí)連用。till(until)“直到為止”,在肯定句中,till/until必須與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用;在否定句中,till/until常與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。 Please e before ten oclock. 請(qǐng)?jiān)谑c(diǎn)鐘以前回來。 September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill. 在9月30日之前,你必須支付賬單。 You must wait for him till tomorrow. 你必須一直等他到明天。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)十,考點(diǎn)九,5.after,in after+一段時(shí)間:表示“在之后”,用于一般過去時(shí);但時(shí)間為點(diǎn)時(shí)間時(shí),只能用after,即after+點(diǎn)時(shí)間,用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。 in+一段時(shí)間:表示以說話時(shí)為起點(diǎn)一段時(shí)間之后,與一般將來時(shí)連用;但表示“在之內(nèi)”時(shí),用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。 After eight it began to rain.八點(diǎn)后開始下雨。 Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour. 簡(jiǎn)很匆忙,因?yàn)槿C(jī)場(chǎng)的火車半小時(shí)內(nèi)就發(fā)車了。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)十,考點(diǎn)九,1.on意為“在的上面”;over意為“在(垂直)的正上方”;above意為“在(不一定垂直)的上方”;under意為“在(垂直)的正下方”;below意為“在(不一定垂直)的下方”;near意為“在附近”;next to意為“緊挨著”;round/around意為“在周圍”;by意為“在旁邊”;along表示沿著街、路、河岸等;across主要表示從某物的表面“橫過”,涉及“面”的概念;past意為“從旁經(jīng)過”;up表示向上,由南到北,由西到東,由沿海到內(nèi)陸,由小地方到大地方,由農(nóng)村到城市,反之則用down;through指從某物的內(nèi)部“穿過”;over還可指“越過”某一障礙物。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)十,考點(diǎn)九,Pipes carry oil across the desert. 輸油管橫過沙漠。 It took us ten minutes to drive through the tunnel. 我們開車10分鐘穿過了隧道。 2.表示兩者的位置關(guān)系時(shí),in表示“在同一區(qū)域內(nèi)或同一范圍內(nèi)”;on表示“接壤,相鄰”;to表示“相離,相隔”,兩者不屬同一范圍,也不接壤。 Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古與中國(guó)北部接壤。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)十,考點(diǎn)九,1.at表示“以速度,以價(jià)格”。 The only reason a man would sell salt at a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. 一個(gè)人以低價(jià)賣鹽的唯一原因可能是因?yàn)樗浅Ｐ枰X。 2.for表示“用交換,以為代價(jià)”。 He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百美元把車賣了。 注意:at表示單價(jià)(price),for表示總錢數(shù)。 3.by表示“按計(jì)算”,后跟度量單位。接具體單位前用定冠詞the,接具體度量名詞時(shí)該名詞前不加冠詞。 They are paid by the day. 他們按天計(jì)算報(bào)酬。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)十,考點(diǎn)九,1.by表示用某種方式,多用于交通。如by bus乘公共汽車,by e-mail通過電子郵件。 注意:表示搭乘交通工具用by時(shí),名詞前不加冠詞;用in時(shí),名詞前要加冠詞。請(qǐng)比較: I went there by car/in a car. 我開車去那兒。 2.with表示“用某種具體工具、身體的某部分或器官”。 We speak with our mouths. 我們用嘴說話。 注意:with表示用某種工具時(shí),名詞前必須用冠詞或物主代詞。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)十,考點(diǎn)九,3.in表示用某種材料或語(yǔ)言。 Please speak in English and write in ink. 請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)說并用墨水寫。 4.through表示“以(方法、手段),經(jīng)由”,后面多接抽象名詞。 You can only achieve success through hard work. 只有通過努力工作,你才能獲得成功。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)十,考點(diǎn)九,besides表示包含,“除之外還有”。except表示排除,“除之外”,指整體里面排除部分,后面可接代詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ),還可接that從句或wh-從句。 but表示排除,多與nobody,none,no one,nothing,anything,everyone,all,who等連用,其后可以接不定式。 except for表示“除之外”,常在說明基本情況后,從細(xì)節(jié)上加以修正。 apart from表示“此外,除之外還有”,相當(dāng)于besides/as well as;表示“撇開來說,除去”,相當(dāng)于except(for);in addition to表示“除之外還有”,相當(dāng)于besides。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)十,考點(diǎn)九,In addition to reading for knowledge,we read for fun and inspiration. 我們讀書除了求知,還為了樂趣和靈感。 Beijing is a beautiful city,except for its traffic. 除了交通問題,北京是一座很美的城市。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)十,考點(diǎn)九,1.for表示原因,常與sorry,famous,punish,praise,thank,blame等詞連用。 The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children. 史密斯夫婦因培養(yǎng)孩子的方式而受到了表?yè)P(yáng)。 2.at指情感變化的原因,意為“因聽到或看到而”。 He was surprised at the news. 他對(duì)這個(gè)消息感到吃驚。 3.from指“外在的原因”,如受傷、車禍、勞累等。 The young man died from an accident. 那個(gè)年輕人死于車禍。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)十,考點(diǎn)九,4.of指“內(nèi)在的原因”,如疾病、饑餓,年老等。 The old man died of hunger. 那個(gè)老人餓死了。 5.with指生理上或情感上的由外界到內(nèi)心的原因。 He was trembling with cold. 他冷得發(fā)抖。 6.by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或無(wú)意中造成某種結(jié)果的原因。 She took your umbrella by mistake. 她錯(cuò)拿了你的傘。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)十,考點(diǎn)九,1.of+抽象名詞=形容詞 of+great/much+抽象名詞=very+形容詞 of+no+抽象名詞=not+形容詞 The book is of great value to our research. 這本書對(duì)我們的研究有很大價(jià)值。 This old machine is of no use. 這臺(tái)舊機(jī)器沒用了。 2.to與情感名詞連用,表示“某種行動(dòng)后產(chǎn)生的感覺” to+ones+情感名詞=to the+情感名詞+of sb. To our great surprise,the boy lied to the teacher. 令我們非常吃驚的是,那個(gè)男孩對(duì)老師撒謊了。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)十,考點(diǎn)九,1.(表示方向)與方向相反;逆著;迎著;頂著 against the wind 迎著風(fēng);逆著風(fēng) 2.(表示方位)緊靠著;倚靠著 against the wall 靠著墻 3.(表示對(duì)象)對(duì)不利;對(duì)有害;以為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手;違反;違背 fight against同戰(zhàn)斗;against the natural law 違背自然規(guī)律 (2016北京)Moreover,the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults. 此外,大學(xué)里控制和塑造學(xué)生行為的傾向與青年人的另一個(gè)性格特征背道而馳。 4.(表示對(duì)比)和比;和對(duì)照;以為背景 against the blue sky 以藍(lán)天為背景,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)十,考點(diǎn)九,1.(表示位置)在往另一邊;在往那一邊;在往的更遠(yuǎn)處 The house is beyond the bridge. 房子在橋那邊。 2.(表示時(shí)間)遲于;晚于;在之后 Dont stay here beyond midnight. 不要在這里過夜。 3.(表示范圍)超出;非所能及 The switch on the wall was beyond the babys reach. 墻上的開關(guān)小孩子是夠不到的。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)十,考點(diǎn)九,4.(表示程度)超出的范圍;超過;對(duì)來說太難 Math is beyond me.I can never get high grades. 數(shù)學(xué)對(duì)我來說很難。我從來都得不了高分。 5.(表示數(shù)目)多于;超過 There werent beyond twenty people present. 出席的人不超過20個(gè)。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)十,考點(diǎn)九,1.at at lunch在吃午飯 at table在吃飯 at school在上學(xué) at church在做禮拜 at peace在和平時(shí)期 at first=at the beginning初期 at the beginning of 在的初始階段 at the end of.在結(jié)束時(shí),考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)十,考點(diǎn)九,2.in in a sense從某種意義上說 in mon共同;共有 in place在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?in practice在實(shí)際中;實(shí)際上 in public公開地;當(dāng)眾 in turn 依次;輪流;反過來 in case 以免;萬(wàn)一 in detail 詳細(xì)地 in office 在執(zhí)政 in power 當(dāng)權(quán);在執(zhí)政 in progress在進(jìn)行中,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)十,考點(diǎn)九,in return 作為回報(bào) in time 及時(shí);最終 in the way 擋路 in exchange for 用以交換 in favour of 同意;支持 in the meanwhile 同時(shí) in spite of 不管;不顧 in terms of 就來說 in addition to 此外,除以外,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)十,考點(diǎn)九,3.on on behalf of 代表 on condition that 以作為條件 on sale出售 on strike在罷工 on the increase正在增加 on the go忙個(gè)不停 on the air正在廣播 on the contrary 相反,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)十,考點(diǎn)九,4.under under control 在控制之中 under discussion在討論中 under development在發(fā)展中 under construction在建設(shè)中 under repair在修理中 5.for for free 免費(fèi) for lack of 由于缺乏 for the benefit of 為了的利益 as for 就而論;關(guān)于,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)五,考點(diǎn)六,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)八,考點(diǎn)七,考點(diǎn)十,考點(diǎn)九,6.by by chance=by accident 偶然;碰巧 by name 用名字;名叫 by far 到目前為止 7.out of out of order發(fā)生故障;失調(diào) out of place不得其所的;不適當(dāng)?shù)?out of control 失去控制 out of ones reach 某人夠不著的地方 out of the question 不可能 out of question 毫無(wú)疑問,.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或介詞短語(yǔ)填空 1.(201610浙江)Drinking my iced coffee,I ran my fingers along the streets from the hotel to the opera hall. 2.(2017全國(guó))After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree in engineering or architecture. 3.(2017天津)When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California,you will be among trees that are over 1,000 years old. 4.(2017北京)Many people who live along the coast make a living in fishing industry. 5.(2016江蘇)The courses and on-line classroom are provided by the Ministry of Education.,6.(2016江蘇)But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings,they have little instinct(本能) to help one another. 7.(2016天津)Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone,not in features but in footsteps. 8.(2016天津)We require the students full flight details at least 4 weeks in advance. 9.(2016四川)Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area,which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest. 10.For those who fly to Guilin,its only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. 11.At the same time,they warm up again for the night.,12.Last year was the warmest year on record,with global temperature 0.68 above the average. 13.Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes to animals both on land and sea? 14.A mon memory they all have of their school days is the school uniform. 15.(2018全國(guó)) I was searching for these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing. 16.Seeing the sunlight,passers-by or trees outside might make you more aware of how you look,might make you think about walking or might inspire you to choose a green salad. 17.Her interest inreading also benefited from the fact that her parents only let her watch half an hour of TV a day.,18.To our delight,the kids quickly adjusted themselves to the situation. 19.To their amazement,they found that it was effective in trapping all the articles. 20.The room he has just rented is about 9 meters in length and 3 meters wide.,.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~完成句子(每空一詞) 1.穿著紅衣服的女孩們?cè)谥v意大利語(yǔ)。 The girls dressed in red were speaking in Italian. 2.他們面臨的任務(wù)似乎遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出他們的能力。 The tasks they were faced with seemed far beyond their ability. 3.由于你沒有告訴我,我對(duì)你很生氣。 Im pretty angry with you for not telling me. 4.她躺在床上,閉著雙眼。 She lay in bed with her eyes closed. 5.她一聽到這消息就痛哭流涕。 On hearing the news,she burst into tears.,