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Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading—Language Points,1characteristic n．特性；特征；特色 (教材原句)Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children? 誰利用豌豆來顯示物理特性是如何從父母遺傳給他們的孩子的？,歸納拓展 adj.有特點的；有某種特色的 be characteristic of ＝ be typical of是……的典型特征 ①First of all，I’ll outline the characteristics of our product. 首先，我將簡要說明我們商品的特性。,②Good planning is one of the characteristics of a successful business. 周詳?shù)囊?guī)劃是成功企業(yè)的特征之一。 ③Keeping others waiting is characteristic of her.不守時是她的典型特征。 ④Hospitality is characteristic of Chinese people.熱情好客是中華民族的特征。 【聯(lián)想】 character n．性格，特征；人物；角色；字體,2put forward 提出；使加快，促進；把(鐘或表的針)向前撥，撥快 (教材原句) Who put forward a theory about black holes? 誰提出了關(guān)于黑洞的理論？,歸納拓展,①Not long ago，he put forward a workable plan. 不久前他提出了一個切實可行的計劃。,巧學(xué)活用 1－1補全句子 (1)少講多做是大智者的特征。 To say little and perform much____________________great minds. (2)哭泣不是男子漢的特征。 Crying is not ____________________ man.,is characteristic of,the characteristic of,(3)注重特色，發(fā)展個性。 Focus on ________________ of personality development.,the characteristics,1－2單項填空 It is ________ of him to go to work before breakfast. A．possible B．characteristic C．classical D．special 解析：選B。句意：不吃早飯就去工作是他的特點。characteristic是形容詞，意為“典型的，有特點的”；be characteristic of表示“是……的典型特征”之意。,名師微博 characteristic多用復(fù)數(shù)形式表示“特性，特征，特色”，而character用作名詞時，是“性格，特征；人物；角色；字體”。,2－1用與put有關(guān)的短語補全句子 (1)He ________________ a very good suggestion at the meeting. (2)I don’t know how to ________ the idea________ to you. (3)I can’t ________________ noise when I am working. (4)Never________________until tomorrow what you can do today.,put forward,put,across,put up with,put off,②The hi-tech has put forward our production this year. 高科技促進了我們今年生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展。 ③My watch was slow，so I put it forward three minutes. 我的手表慢了，所以我把它向前撥了三分鐘。,④The sports meeting will be put off due to the bad weather. 由于糟糕的天氣，運動會將被延期。 ⑤Having taken off the old dress，she put on a new one. 脫下舊連衣裙之后，她穿上一件新的。 ⑥Far water does not put out near fire. 【諺】遠水救不了近火。,3conclusion n．結(jié)論；結(jié)束 (教材原句)Draw a conclusion 得出結(jié)論 歸納拓展 arrive at /come to/draw/reach a conclusion 得出結(jié)論 jump to a conclusion貿(mào)然斷定， 過早下結(jié)論 at the conclusion of 當(dāng)……完結(jié)時 in conclusion 最后， 總之,①We arrived at a conclusion after six months of patient research. 耐心研究了六個月后，我們終于得出了結(jié)論。 ②Don’t jump to the conclusion before you make a careful investigation. 在仔細研究前不要盲目下結(jié)論。,③At the conclusion of the film，this couple are married at last. 在電影的結(jié)尾，這對情侶終成眷屬。 ④In conclusion，I’d like to thank you for all you’ve done for me. 最后，我要感謝你們?yōu)槲宜龅囊磺小?【聯(lián)想】 conclude vt./vi.結(jié)束；推斷出 conclude (.) with sth./by doing sth以……結(jié)束 conclude from.從……推斷出 ⑤He concluded his speech with a song.他以一首歌結(jié)束了他的演講。 ⑥From what you’ve said I can conclude that you like the job very much. 從你所說的我可以推斷出你非常喜歡這份工作。,4defeat vt.打??；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫 n．失敗 (教材原句)John Snow defeats “King Cholera” 約翰·斯諾打敗“霍亂王” 歸納拓展 defeat.in/at.在……方面打敗……,①Our school defeated that school at/in football. 我校在足球比賽中打敗了那個學(xué)校。 ②Palin first announced that she is considering the nomination of the Republican presidential candidate to challenge President Barack Obama in the 2012 presidential election.She expressed confidence that she can defeat Obama.,佩林首次宣布，她正考慮獲得共和黨總統(tǒng)候選人的提名，在2012年總統(tǒng)大選中挑戰(zhàn)現(xiàn)任總統(tǒng)奧巴馬。她本人對此信心十足，認為她能打敗奧巴馬。 ③It is better to be wise by the defeat of others than by your own. 從別人的失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)比從自己的失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)更好。,[易混辨析] defeat/beat/win,2－2單項填空 In the past few years the workers ________ a lot of suggestions but none of them was adopted. A．put forward B．have put forward C．put out D．have put off,解析：選B。句意：這幾年來，工人們提出了大量的建議，但是一條也沒有被采納。put forward是“提出”之意，符合語境；由句中的時間狀語in the past few years可知，此處用現(xiàn)在完成時；put out意為“生產(chǎn)，撲滅”，put off意為“推遲”。,3－1補全句子 (1)他們從這些事實中得出相同的結(jié)論。 They ______________________ the facts. (2)總之，你要看到這件事積極的一面。 ________________，you’d better look at the bright side of the matter.,drew a conclusion from,In conclusion,3－2單項填空 The evening party ________ cheers but everyone was still immersed in the happy atmosphere of it. A．was concluded with B．was started with C．concluded by D．started from,解析：選A。句意：晚會在一片歡呼聲中結(jié)束，但是每一個人都仍然沉浸在晚會的快樂氣氛中。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“晚會結(jié)束”，故用conclude.with.表示“以……結(jié)束”之意。,4－1補全句子 (1)他們在那次戰(zhàn)斗中打敗了敵人。 They ________________________the battle. (2)今年我們失敗過兩次,但是我們不會放棄。 We ________________ this year but we won’t give it up.,defeated the enemy in/at,had two defeats,5attend vt. & vi.照顧；護理；出席；參加 (教材原句)John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. 約翰·斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫(yī)生——他的確醫(yī)術(shù)精湛，因而成為照料維多利亞女皇的私人醫(yī)生。,歸納拓展,歸納拓展 ①European leaders and environmentalists hailed as good news President Obama’s decision to attend at least part of next month’s climate summit in Copenhagen. 歐洲國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和環(huán)保人士譽為好消息，奧巴馬總統(tǒng)決定至少參加下個月在哥本哈根舉行的氣候峰會的部分會議。,②He was so ill that his wife attended on him all the time. 他病得那樣重，他的妻子一直照顧他。 ③Mother attended to the baby while I went to the dance. 我去跳舞時媽媽照管了嬰兒。 【聯(lián)想】 attention n．注意；關(guān)心,6expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光 (教材原句) But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 但是當(dāng)他一想到要幫助那些得了霍亂的普通百姓時，他就感到很振奮。,歸納拓展,歸納拓展 ①This medicine is not to be exposed to daylight.這種藥怕見光。 ②This plant can’t be exposed to strong sunshine. 這種植物不能暴露在強光下。 ③The drug has lost its potency by being exposed to moisture. 這藥因受潮失去了效力。,4－2單項填空 Jim ________ Tom by about a metre and ________ the race at last. A．defeated；defeated B．won；defeated C．won；won D．defeated；won 解析：選D。句意：吉姆以大約一米的優(yōu)勢擊敗湯姆，最后贏得了比賽。defeat是“打敗”，其賓語多為人或隊伍；win的賓語多為某項比賽或獎項。,5－1同義句改寫 They wish they had been present at that meeting. →They wish they ____________________________.,had attended the meeting,5－2單項填空 The patient has been ________ by nurses night and day since the operation. A．a(chǎn)ttended to B．tended to C．a(chǎn)ttended on D．tended on,解析：選C。句意：自從動了手術(shù)以來，病人一直由護士日夜護理。attend on意為“照料；護理”之意，符合語境；attend to意為“注意；關(guān)心”；tend to后面多接動詞原形，表示“易于干某事”。,6－1補全句子 這顏色曝光后會褪色。 The color fades when it ___________________________.,is exposed to light,6－2單項填空 Once ________ light，the film will be damaged and turn useless. A．exposed to B．exposed in C．exposing in D．expose under,解析：選A。句意：一旦曝光，膠卷就要被損壞而不能用了。expose.to.意為“把……暴露在……中”之意，同時，此處考查once引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的省略，若補全為Once it is exposed to.是過去分詞短語。,7cure n．治愈；痊愈 vt.治愈；治療 (教材原句)Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 人們既不理解霍亂的起因也不懂得霍亂的治愈方法。 a cure for.治愈……的方法 cure sb.of sth.治愈某人某物,③The doctor cured him of his stomachache.醫(yī)生治好了他的胃痛病。 ④The doctors are treating him for his strange illness and they hope to cure him of it.醫(yī)生們正在為他治療這一怪病，并希望能夠給他治好。,8challenge n．挑戰(zhàn) vt.向……挑戰(zhàn) (教材原句) John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. 約翰·斯諾想面對挑戰(zhàn)并且解決問題。 meet/face the challenge迎接挑戰(zhàn) challenge sb.to do 向某人挑戰(zhàn)干某事 challenge sb. to sth.向某人挑戰(zhàn)某物,歸納拓展 ①Schools must meet the challenge of new technology. 學(xué)校必須迎接新技術(shù)的挑戰(zhàn)。 ②The opposition leader challenged the prime minister to call an election. 反對黨領(lǐng)袖要求首相宣布進行大選。,③Mike challenged me to a game of chess.邁克硬逼我和他下一盤棋。 9suspect vt.懷疑 n．被懷疑者；嫌疑犯 (教材原句)John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. 約翰·斯諾懷疑第二種說法正確但是他需要證據(jù)來證明。,suspect sb.of sth./doing sth.疑心某人干某事 suspect sb.to be.懷疑某人是…… suspect that.懷疑……,歸納拓展 ①He was suspected of the theft，but evidence proved him innocent. 他涉嫌盜竊，但證據(jù)表明他無罪。 ②They suspected me of having a hand in the affair. 他們懷疑我插手了這件事。,③The young man is more intelligent than we suspected him to be. 這個年輕人比我們猜想的更聰明。 ④The official suspected that his phone was being tapped. 這位官員懷疑有人正在竊聽他的電話。,[易混辨析] doubt/suspect,7－1補全句子 (1)想找到治療癌癥的方法是很難的。 It is difficult to find _____________ cancer. (2)這種藥治好了我的感冒。 This medicine ____________________ my cold.,a cure for,cured me of,7－2單項填空 The fresh air on the farm ________ him ________his headache. A．cured；for B．rid；of C．treated；for D．cured；of,解析：選D。句意：農(nóng)場的新鮮空氣治好了他的頭痛病。cure.of.是“治愈某人某物”之意，符合語境；rid.of.意為“使……除去……；使……擺脫……”；treat.for.意為“治療某人某物”。,8－1翻譯句子 他向我挑戰(zhàn)再打一場網(wǎng)球。 __________________________________________ 8－2單項填空 AIDS control and prevention is a ________to China as well as the whole world. A．surprise B．challenge C．reaction D．threat,He challenged me to play another tennis game.,解析：選B。句意：艾滋病的控制和預(yù)防對于中國以及全世界都是一個挑戰(zhàn)。由常理可知，艾滋病的控制和預(yù)防是“難題”， challenge表示“挑戰(zhàn)，困難的事情”之意；而surprise意為“驚訝”；reaction意為“反應(yīng)；反響”；threat意為“威脅”；均為干擾項。,9－1補全句子 (1)我料想他是一個說謊者。 I ____________________ a liar. (2)這個老太太懷疑她的兒子賣了她的車。 The old woman_________________________ her car.,suspected him to be,suspected her son of selling,9－2單項填空 He was ________ holding out information important to the case. A．convinced of B．suspected of C．charged for D．blamed of,解析：選B。句意：人們懷疑他隱瞞了有關(guān)這件案子的重要情況。suspect.of.是“懷疑某人做某事”之意；符合語境；而be convinced of.意為“確信……”；charge多用于charge sb.with.的結(jié)構(gòu)中表示“指控某人某物”，相當(dāng)于blame sb.for.。,10blame vt.責(zé)備；譴責(zé) n．過失；責(zé)備 (教材原句)It seemed that the water was to blame. 看來水是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?be to blame for.應(yīng)該為……負責(zé)任；應(yīng)該因為……受到指責(zé) blame sb.for sth.因為……而責(zé)備某人 blame sth.on sb.把……歸咎到某人身上 take the blame 承擔(dān)責(zé)任 lay the blame on sb.責(zé)備某人,歸納拓展 ①The severe storm was to blame for the power failure. 停電的起因是這場特大暴風(fēng)雪。 ②She blamed him for the failure of their marriage. 她把婚姻的失敗歸咎于他。,③When she blamed failure on me，I could not bear it any more. 當(dāng)她把失敗完全歸咎于我的時候我再也忍無可忍了。 ④I couldn’t think of letting you take the blame. 我沒想到過讓你承擔(dān)責(zé)任。,⑤The players lay the blame on their coach. 隊員們都埋怨他們的教練。 11link vt.& n．連接；聯(lián)系 (教材原句) In another part of London，he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. 在倫敦的另一個地區(qū)，他從另外兩例與布洛德街疾病爆發(fā)有關(guān)的死亡病例中得到了有力的證據(jù)。,歸納拓展 ①Loneliness has been linked to depression and other health problems. 孤獨癥與抑郁和其它健康問題有關(guān)聯(lián)。 ②“I don’t think their problems are linked with that，” he said. “我覺得他們的問題和那無關(guān)?！彼f。,③They have planned to link up the two areas by telephone. 他們計劃用電話把兩個地區(qū)連接起來。 ④This study showed a link between diet and health. 這項研究證明了飲食與健康之間的聯(lián)系。,[易混辨析] link/join/combine/connect,10－1同義句改寫 (1)His father blamed him for breaking the window. →His father ________ the broken window________ him. (2)They blamed the accident on him. →They ________________ the accident.,blamed,on,blamed him for,10－2補全句子 (1)我們不應(yīng)該把失敗歸咎于他。 We shouldn’t ______________ for our failure ________ him. (2)這次車禍?zhǔn)悄膫€司機的責(zé)任？ Which driver ____________________ this traffic accident?,lay the blame,on,was to blame for,11－1補全句子 他們打算修一條公路將兩個城鎮(zhèn)連接起來。 They planned to build a highway to ____________________.,link the two towns,11－2單項填空 I don’t appreciate such a person like him，and I don’t want my name ________ him. A．linked with B．combined with C．joined in D．touched with,12announce vt.宣布，通告 (教材原句)With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus. 有了這個特別的證據(jù)，約翰·斯諾就能夠肯定地宣布，這種被污染了的水?dāng)y帶著病菌。,①The famous American singer Whitney Houston died on February 11th,2012.On Monday night，some dedicated fans gathered outside a Newark，New Jersey funeral home.But once the funeral plans were announced，they seemed unhappy.,美國著名歌手惠特妮·休斯頓在2012年2月11日去世了。在星期一晚上，一些忠實歌迷聚集在新澤西州，紐瓦克市殯儀館。但一旦葬禮計劃公布，他們似乎不高興。,②It was announced that there would be a new film tomorrow. 有人通知明天放映新影片。 ③The government announced that they would build a new highway to the mountain.政府宣布他們將修建一條通向山區(qū)的新公路。,[易混辨析] announce/declare,【聯(lián)想】 announcement n．宣布；宣言 解析：選A。句意：我不欣賞他那樣的人，我也不要把我的名字和他聯(lián)系在一起。link.with.是“把……和……聯(lián)系起來”之意，符合語境。,12－1翻譯句子 宣布消息時你在場嗎？ ________________________________________________________________________,Were you present when the news was announced?,12－2單項填空 Everyone held his breath when our teacher ________ the winner of the competition. A．stated B．commented C．a(chǎn)nnounced D．declared,解析：選C。句意：當(dāng)老師宣布比賽的獲勝者時，人人都屏住了呼吸。announce“宣布或告知某一消息”之意，符合語境；而comment“評論”；state“聲明”；declare“宣稱”，多用于正式場合或官方的“公告”。,1(教材原句)Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 人們既不知道它的原因也不知道它的治愈方法。 [句法分析] neither.nor.連接并列成分，表示“既不……，也不……”。 ①Neither he nor you are fit for the job.你和他都不適合這份工作。,②He neither drinks，nor smokes.他既不喝酒也不抽煙。 ③Neither do I know about it，nor do I care about it. 關(guān)于此事，我既不知道，也不關(guān)心。,【點津提示】 (1)neither.nor.連接并列成分作主語時,謂語動詞遵循就近一致的原則。 ④Neither you nor he has the right to say that.你和他都沒有權(quán)利說那些話。 (2)neither.nor.句式中，neither或nor位于句首時，其后用部分倒裝語序。 ⑤Neither did Mr.Wang forget the appointment nor was he sick. 王先生既非忘了約會，也非生病。,【聯(lián)想】 連接并列成分作主語，謂語動詞遵循就近一致原則的句式有： either.or.或者……或者…… not only.but also.不但……而且…… not.but.不是……而是……,2(教材原句)So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak. 每次疾病爆發(fā)，都有數(shù)以萬計的人死掉。 [句法分析] 名詞短語 every time用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,表示“每一次干某事時”。,歸納拓展 可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的名詞短語或副詞有： each time 每一次干某事時 next time下一次干某事時 the last time上次干某事時 the first time第一次干某事時 the moment/ the minute/ the second/ immediately/instantly一……就……,①Every time she expresses an opinion，you argue back! 每次她提出想法，你總是反對！ ②Each time he comes to see me，he brings a new book. 每次他來看我，總要帶一本新書來。,③The camera just came apart the first time I used it. 這臺照相機我第一次使用時就散了架。 ④I will tell him the news the moment/immediately I meet him. 我一見到他就會告訴他這個消息。,3(教材原句)A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 一位從布洛德街搬走的女士如此喜歡水泵里的水以至于她讓人每天把水泵里的水送到她家。,[句法分析] 句中含有have sth.done的句式,表示“讓某事被別人做；請某人做某事”之意。 have sb.do 讓某人干某事 have sb.doing 讓某人一直做某事；容許某人做某事,歸納拓展 ①How long will it take to have this radio fixed? 修理這個收音機需要多長時間？ ②Shall I have him return your call？我讓他給您回電話好嗎？ ③I won’t have her complaining all the time. 我再也受不了她老是抱怨了。,解析：選A。句意：你和他都不去參加這個會 嗎？neither.nor.是“既不……也不……”，連接主語時，謂語動詞遵循就近一致的原則；be to do表示“打算干某事”。故選擇A項。,2－1翻譯句子 (1)He left me a good impression the first time I met him. ________________________________________________ (2) 他一收到我的來信就給我回信了。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________,(1)我第一次見他時，他給我留下了好印象。,(2) He wrote back immediately he received my letter.,2－2單項填空 ________ he was late，he could always come up with excuses to escape punishment. A．At every time B．For every time C．Every time D．In each time,解析：選C。句意：每次遲到，他總能想出借口來逃避懲罰。every time用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“每一次干某事時”之意。,3－1同義句改寫 Who will you have fix the computer? →Who will you__________________________ by?,have the computer fixed,3－2單項填空 She would rather have her room ________ milk-white than sky-blue. A．to paint B．to be painted C．paint D．painted 解析：選D。句意：她寧愿把房間漆成乳白色，也不愿漆成天藍色。have sth.done是“使某事被做”之意，符合語境。,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,