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Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language,?Step One：Words and Phrases Ⅰ.詞匯知識 1．__________ (adj.) 積極的；肯定的；確實的 2． __________ (n.) 移動；運動；動作 3． __________ (adj. & adv.) 向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的),positive,movement,backward,4． ______ (vt. & vi.) (使)旋轉(zhuǎn)；紡(線或紗) 5． __________ (adj.) 熱情的；熱心的 6．reject (vt.) _____________________ 7．universe (n.) _____________ 8．creative (adj.) _______________________ ____________________________,spin,enthusiastic,拒絕；不接受；拋棄,宇宙；世界,有創(chuàng)造力的；創(chuàng)造性的；獨創(chuàng)的,Ⅱ.重點短語 1． ______________ 對……嚴格 2． ______________ 對……有信心 3． ______________ 對……積極 4． ______________ 擅長…… 5． ______________ 有意義，講得通,be strict with,be confident in,be positive in,be good at,make sense,6． ______________________對……謹慎 7．prepare for ______________ 8．punish sb.for sth. ____________________ 9．encourage sb.to do _________________ 10．lead to ________,be cautious of / about,為……作準備,因為某事而懲罰某人,鼓勵某人干某事,導(dǎo)致,?Step Two：Fast Reading Scan the text and then find out the main idea of each paragraph. A．New observations didn’t agree with the old theory about the earth. B．Copernicus’ theory is the basis of modern science about the universe. C．Copernicus was puzzled as he found the earth was not the centre of the solar system.,D．Copernicus’ new theory that the sun was the centre could explain all the phenomena. E．Copernicus improved his theory by collecting observations and using his mathematical knowledge.,Paragraph 1：_____ Paragraph 2： _____ Paragraph 3： _____ Paragraph 4： _____ Paragraph 5： _____,C,A,E,B,D,?Step Three：Careful Reading Read the text and answer these questions. 1．What made Copernicus confused? 答案：__________________________________ ________________________________________,His discover that the earth was not the centre of the solar system.,2．Why could Copernicus not tell anyone about his theory? 答案：________________________________ ______________________________________ 3．How did Copernicus prove his theory? 答案：________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________,Because the Christian Church would punish him.,He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them.,4．What did Copernicus do in 1514? 答案：_________________________________ _____________ 5．When did Copernicus publish his theory? 答案：________________________________ ___________________________________,He showed his theory privately to his friends.,He published it in 1543，when he was dying.,1contribute vt. & vi.捐獻；貢獻；捐助 歸納拓展,①Delegates from both developing and developed nations have urged the United States to show sincerity and contribute more to the progress of climate negotiations at the U．N’s climate change conference here Wednesday. 在星期三舉行的聯(lián)合國氣候變化大會上，來自發(fā)展中國家和發(fā)達國家的代表已敦促美國拿出誠意，推進氣候變化談判的進程。,②She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.她給這家雜志撰寫了一些稿件。 ③Lack of confidence contributed to his failure.缺乏信心導(dǎo)致了他的失敗。,④Many people contributed money to the poor boy，which contributed to his returning to school.A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper.好多人給那個可憐的孩子捐錢，使他可以重返校園。一位作家寫了一篇關(guān)于此事的故事并把它投到了報社。 【聯(lián)想】 contribution n．貢獻；捐獻,2apart from. 除……之外；此外 (教材原句)Apart from the construction mentioned above，you have also learned the following phrases. 除了上面提到的結(jié)構(gòu)外,你還學(xué)過下面的短語。 ①Apart from a few words，I do not know any French at all. 除了會說這幾個單詞外,我根本就不懂法語。,②Apart from his intelligence，he was tirelessly industrious. 除了很聰穎之外，他還是一個孜孜不倦的勤奮的人。 ③Apart from grammar，this article is all right. 除語法外，這篇文章還是不錯的。,[易混辨析] apart from/besides/except/except for,巧學(xué)活用 1－1補全句子 他向災(zāi)區(qū)捐助了100萬美元。 He ____________ one million dollars ________ the flooded area.,contributed,to,1－2單項填空 The scientist’s research has ________ much ________ the development of the project. A．contributed；for B．devoted；to C．contributed；to D．donated；to,解析：選C。句意：這個科學(xué)家的研究有助于這一項目的發(fā)展。contribute to.是“有助于；促成”之意，相當于make for；而devote.to.相當于donate.to.是“把……奉獻給……；把……貢獻給……”之意。,2－1同義句改寫 He also presented me with two notebooks as well as the pen. →____________________，he also presented me with two notebooks.,Apart from the pen,2－2單項填空 In general，he is a kind and easy-going person ________ his carelessness. A．besides B．except C．a(chǎn)part from D．far from,解析：選C。句意：大體而言，除了粗心外，他是一個和藹可親容易相處的人。apart from“除了……外”之意，相當于except for；而besides “還有”；except“除去……外”；far from“遠非，絕不是”。,【聯(lián)想】 aside from.除了……之外,3 be strict with sb. 對……嚴格 be strict in/about sth.對某事物要求嚴格,歸納拓展 ①Considering that he is just a child，she was not very strict with him. 考慮到他只是個孩子，她沒有太嚴格要求他。 ②The teacher is strict in his students’ homework. 老師對學(xué)生的家庭作業(yè)要求合格。,③John is a doctor and he is strict about his work. 約翰是醫(yī)生，他對工作一絲不茍。 4make sense 講得通；有意義 (教材原句) Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky makesense. 只有當你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運動才能夠說得清楚。,make sense of 弄懂……的意義； 搞清楚……的意思 in a/some sense 從某種意義上,歸納拓展 ①This sentence just doesn’t make sense，no matter how you read it. 無論你怎樣讀這個句子，它還是講不通。 ②With the help of my English teacher，I made sense of the passage. 在英語老師的幫助下，我理解了這段文章。,③In a sense，what he said is not in agreement with what he did. 從某種意義上說，他言行不一致。,5enthusiastic adj.熱情的；熱心的 (教材原句)His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas，but Copernicus was cautious. 他的朋友們都很感興趣并鼓勵他發(fā)表他的理論，但是哥白尼很小心。 be enthusiastic about 對……熱心；熱衷于……,歸納拓展 ①She is very enthusiastic about school activities. 她對學(xué)校的活動非常熱心。 ②My little brother is very enthusiastic about going to kindergarten. 我小弟弟非常熱衷于上幼稚園。,③The music was performed by the girl before an enthusiastic audience. 這個女孩在熱情的聽眾之前演奏音樂。 【聯(lián)想】 enthusiasm n．熱情；熱心,6cautious adj.謹慎的；小心的 (教材原句)His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas，but Copernicus was cautious. 他的朋友們都很感興趣并鼓勵他發(fā)表他的理論，但是哥白尼很小心。,be cautious about/of.小心……； 對……謹慎 be cautious to do 做某事,歸納拓展 3－1補全句子 我是由外婆撫養(yǎng)大的，外婆對我的教育很嚴格。 I was brought up by my grandma and she ________________________.,was very strict with me,3－2單項填空 He was very ________ with us during the training and very kind to us afterwards. A．seriously B．strict C．tough D．concerned,解析：選B。句意：在訓(xùn)練時，他對我們非常嚴格，但是訓(xùn)練過后，他會對我們非常和藹。與后面的kind相呼應(yīng)，故此處用strict表示“嚴格的”；be strict with sb.是“對某人嚴格要求”之意，符合語境；而seriously是副詞，意為“嚴肅地，認真地”；tough“艱難的，堅硬的”；concerned“擔憂的”。,4－1同義句改寫 I can’t understand the meaning of the sentence even if the teacher has explained it to me once again. →I can’t ________________ the sentence even if the teacher has explained it to me once again.,make sense of,4－2單項填空 With time going by，you will ________ the meaning of the saying. A．make sense B．make up C．make sense of D．know about,解析：選C。句意：隨著時間的推移，你會理解這句諺語的意義的。make sense of是“理解……”之意，符合語境；而make sense“……講得通；有意義”；make up“組成；構(gòu)成”；know about“了解”。,5－1翻譯句子 他熱衷于體育運動。 ______________________________________ 5－2單項填空 Once he was a/an ________ football player，but recently he seems to have become uninterested.,He is enthusiastic about sports.,A．curious B．indifferent C．warm-hearted D．Enthusiastic 解析：選D。句意：過去他對足球很熱心，可是近來他好象變得沒有興趣了。enthusiastic是“熱情的，熱心的”，與后面的uninterested“不感興趣的”形成反義復(fù)現(xiàn)；curious“好奇的”；indifferent“漠不關(guān)心的；冷淡的”；warm-hearted“熱心腸的”。,6－1補全句子 他十分謹慎，從不輕易給別人提建議。 He is very ____________________ offering advice. ①My friends around me were always very cautious of being cheated. 我周圍的朋友總是非常小心受騙。,cautious about/of,②The boss is cautious about making promise.老板從不輕易作出承諾。 ③She is cautious not to walk alone at night.她很小心晚上不獨行。 【聯(lián)想】 cautiously adv.小心地；謹慎地 caution n．小心；謹慎 with caution 小心地；謹慎地,7reject vt.拒絕；不接受；摒棄 (教材原句)The Christian Church rejected his theory，saying it was against God’s idea and people who supported it would be attacked. 基督教會拒絕接受他的理論，聲稱它違背上帝的旨意，那些支持它的人要受到攻擊。,①Badminton has become the latest sport to reject a possible money-saving switch to Wembley Arena at the 2012 London Olympics. 羽毛球在2012年倫敦奧運會上已成為拒絕一個對溫布利體育場可能省錢計劃的最新運動。 ②He rejected my offer of help.他拒絕了我的援助提議。 ③The proposal was rejected by the committee.提案遭到委員會否決。,[易混辨析] reject/refuse,【聯(lián)想】 rejection n．拒絕 6－2單項填空 She is intensely ________not to make mistakes in spelling. A．cautious B．careless C．a(chǎn)nxious D．upset,解析：選A。句意：她非常小心，免得出現(xiàn)拼寫錯誤。 cautious是“謹慎的”，符合語境；而careless“粗心的”；anxious“焦急的”；upset“心煩意亂的”。,7－1同義句改寫 He was turned down by the club because of his overage. →He ________________ by the club because of his overage.,was rejected,7－2單項填空 Sometimes even if you are totally qualified for the job you may still be________. A．a(chǎn)pproved B．a(chǎn)ppreciated C．rejected D．a(chǎn)llowed,解析：選C。句意：有時候，即使你完全有資格勝任這份工作，你仍然有可能遭到拒絕。reject是“拒絕”之意，與題干中的even if.相呼應(yīng)；而approve“同意，批準”；appreciate“欣賞”；allow“允許”。,1(教材原句)Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有當你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運動才能夠講得通。 [句法分析] only 修飾狀語并且位于句首時,主句用部分倒裝語序。即把主句中的助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或系動詞be置于主語前。,①Only in this way can we solve this problem. 只有用這種辦法，你才能解決這個問題。 ②Only when he read the newspaper did he know the story. 他看了報紙后才知道那則報道。 ③Only if you study hard can you get good results. 只有你肯努力，才能得到好的學(xué)習(xí)成績。,【點津提示】 only修飾主語位于句首時，用正常語序。 ④Only she can persuade him to give up smoking. 只有她才能夠勸說他戒掉煙。,[易混辨析] only if/if only,巧學(xué)活用 1－1補全句子 (1)只有盡了最大的努力，你將來才不會后悔。 Only if you try your best __________________in the futue.,will you not regret,1－2單項填空 ________we continue to work hard，can we fulfill the task ahead. A．As soon as B．If only C．As well as D．Only if,解析：選D。句意：只要我們繼續(xù)努力工作，我們就能提前完成任務(wù)。only if是“只要……”之意，符合語境；as soon as“一……就……”；as well as“和……；也……”； if only“要是……就好了”。,2(教材原句)He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. 他把固定著的太陽放在太陽系的中心位置，行星都繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)，只有月球仍然繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。,[句法分析] (1)and后面承前省略了with，即with only the moon still going round the earth。 (2)句中的“with ＋the planets ＋going round it”以及“with only the moon still going round the earth”均是“with＋賓語＋賓補”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語。 with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的形式：,with ＋名詞/代詞＋adj./adv. with＋名詞/代詞＋介詞短語 with＋名詞/代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞(表示主動和進行) with＋名詞/代詞＋過去分詞(表示被動和完成) with＋名詞/代詞＋不定式(表示動作未發(fā)生),歸納拓展 ①They left the room with the lights still on. 他們離開了房間，燈還亮著。 ②With him leading the way，we got to the mountain village ahead of time. 由他帶路，我們提前到達那個山村。,③With the work finished，they went out to play. 任務(wù)做完了，她們出去玩去了。 ④With nothing to do，I went out for a walk. 由于沒有什么事情可做，我便到外面去散步。,2－1補全句子 愛麗絲穿著鞋躺在床上。 Alice was lying on the bed ______________________.,with her shoes on,2－2單項填空 The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already ________ for a meal to be cooked. A．laid B．laying C．to lay D．being laid,解析：選A。句意：客廳干凈、整潔，一張餐桌已經(jīng)擺好，就等著煮飯了。table與lay之間是動詞和賓語的關(guān)系，故用過去分詞laid作with的賓語補足語，表示被動和完成的意義。,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,