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Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing,讀下面課文中出現(xiàn)的句子，判斷劃線部分在句中分別作什么成分。 1．(P17)_________________________，I was unsettled for the first few days.,Worried about the journey,2．(P18)______________________________，his parents’ company，called“Future Tours”, transported me safely into the future in a time capsule. 3．(P22)__________________________________, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earth’s gravity.,Well-known for their expertise,Described as an enormous round plate,過去分詞作狀語可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。其邏輯主語一般與句子的主語保持一致，過去分詞與邏輯主語之間一般是被動關系。表示時間、原因、條件、讓步的過去分詞短語可以拓展成相應的狀語從句。,一、過去分詞或過去分詞短語作狀語 1．時間狀語 過去分詞作時間狀語，相當于一個時間狀語從句。也可在過去分詞前加上連詞“when，while，until”等，使其時間意義更明確。,Seen from the top of the hill，the city looks more beautiful.＝When it is seen from the hill，the city looks more beautiful.從山頂看,城市顯得更漂亮。 Don’t speak until asked to.＝Don’t speak until you are asked to.當被要求發(fā)言時，你才能講話。,2．原因狀語 過去分詞作原因狀語，相當于一個原因狀語從句。 Written in a hurry，this article was not so good. ＝Because it was written in a hurry，this article was not so good.因為寫得匆忙，這篇文章不是很好。,3．條件狀語 可用在連詞if，unless之后，相當于一個條件狀語從句。 Given more time，we could do it much better. ＝If we were given more time，we could do it much better.多給我們點時間，我們會做得更好。,4．讓步狀語 有時可用在although，though，even if，even though，whether.or等連詞之后，相當于一個讓步狀語從句。 Though warned of the storm，the farmers were still working in the fields. ＝Though they had been warned of the storm,the farmers were still working in the fields.雖然農(nóng)民們已被警告將有風暴，但他們?nèi)匀辉诘乩锔苫睢?5．方式或伴隨狀語 此時相當于一個由and連接的并列結構。 The teacher entered the classroom，followed by a group of his students. ＝The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of his students. 老師走進教室，后面跟著一群他的學生。,二、過去分詞作狀語用法點津 (1)作狀語的過去分詞其邏輯主語通常就是句子的主語，且主語是過去分詞動作的承受者,即過去分詞表示的動作與主語之間是動賓關系。 Given another hour，I can also work out this problem.(I和give之間是動賓關系)再給我一個小時，我也能解出這道題。,(2)值得注意的是，有些過去分詞及短語因來源于系表結構，作狀語時不強調(diào)被動而重在描述主語的狀態(tài)。這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有：lost(迷路);seated(坐);hidden(躲)；lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)；dressed in(穿著)；tired of(厭煩)。 Lost in thought，he didn’t hear the bell. 由于陷入沉思之中，他沒有聽到鈴聲。,(3)過去分詞常跟when，while，after，if，unless，although/though,as if等連詞一起用,修飾謂語動詞。 Metals expand when heated.金屬被加熱會膨脹。 過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的區(qū)別： 過去分詞與句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關系，即表被動；現(xiàn)在分詞與句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關系，即表主動。,Asked why he was late，he cried. 被問到他為什么遲到時，他哭了。 Looking out of the window，I saw some students playing there.我朝窗外望去，看見幾個學生在那邊玩耍。,【助記】 分詞作狀語記憶口訣 分詞作狀語，主語是問題。逗號前后兩動作,共用一主語。 主語找出后，再來判關系。主動用v.ing，被動用v.ed，having done表先后，千萬要牢記。,Ⅰ.用分詞短語改寫句子 1．Although we were exhausted by the climbing，we continued our journey. ________________________________，we continued our journey. 2．She was dressed in white and suddenly appeared. ________________，she suddenly appeared.,Exhausted by the climbing,Dressed in white,3．Aunt Wu came in and she was followed by her daughter. Aunt Wu came in，________________________________. 4．As he is encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder. ________________________________he has made，he works harder. 5．Once it is seen，it will not be forgotten. ________________，it will not be forgotten.,followed by her daughter,Encouraged by the progress,Once seen,Ⅱ.單項填空 1．(2011·高考四川卷)________ an important role in a new movie，Andy has got a chance to become famous. A．Offer B．Offering C．Offered D．To offer,解析：選C。句意：在一部新的電影被提供了一個重要的角色，安迪將有機會成名。Andy與offer之間是動賓關系，故用過去分詞作狀語。,2．(2011·高考天津卷)________ into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. A．Translating B．Translated C．To translate D．Having translated 解析：選B。句意：被譯成英語后，發(fā)現(xiàn)這個句子詞序全部變化了。the sentence與translate之間是動賓關系，故用過去分詞形式作狀語。,3．(2010·高考陜西卷)________from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. A．Seen B．Seeing C．Having seen D．To see 解析：選A。句意：從塔頂上看，這座山的南麓是一片樹的海洋。句子的主語是the south foot of the mountain，與see之間是動賓關系，故用過去分詞seen的形式，作狀語。,4．________by his grandparents，Jimmy wasn’t used to living with his parents. A．To bring up B．To be brought up C．Brought up D．Being brought up,解析：選C。句意：因為Jimmy是由他祖父母養(yǎng)大的，所以他不習慣同他父母生活在一起。Brought up by his grandparents 是過去分詞短語作原因狀語，相當于狀語從句As/Because he was brought up by his grandparents。,5．(2010·高考大綱全國卷Ⅱ)Though________to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. A．surprising B．was surprised C．surprised D．being surprised,解析：選C。句意：盡管看到我們很驚訝，教授還是熱情地歡迎了我們。此處是though引導讓步狀語從句的省略，若補全為“Though the professor was surprised”。surprised表示人具有的性質(zhì)。,6．________twice，the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. A．Being bitten B．Bitten C．Having bitten D．To be bitten,解析：選B。句意：被咬過兩次后，郵遞員拒絕給我們送信除非我們把狗拴起來。the postman 和bite之間是被動關系，故此處應該用過去分詞形式做原因狀語。,7．________not to miss the flight at 15∶20，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. A．Reminding B．Reminded C．To remind D．Having reminded,解析：選B。句意：被提醒不要誤了15∶20的飛機后，經(jīng)理立即動身去了機場。考查非謂語動詞做作語，句子的主語the manager與remind之間是被動關系，且其表示的動作在謂語動詞set out之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生，故用非謂語動詞的過去分詞形式作狀語，表示被動和完成。,8．________ the right kind of training，these teenager soccer players may one day grew the international stars. A．Giving B．Having given C．To give D．Given,解析：選D。句意：如果給予他們適當形式的訓練，這些青少年足球選手有一天也許會成為國際球星?？芍髡Zthey 即these teenager soccer players與give 之間是被動關系，所以用過去分詞作條件狀語。,9．________ many times，he finally understood it. A．Told B．Telling C．Having told D．Having been told,解析：選D。句意：多次被告知后，他最后終于明白了。tell與主語之間是動賓關系，故用被動形式，又由語境many times可知，此處應該用分詞的完成式，表示發(fā)生在主句動作前已經(jīng)完成，所以用having been done來表示被動和完成的意義。,10．________ by the advances in technology，many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. A．Being encouraged B．Encouraging C．Encouraged D．Having encouraged,解析：選C。句意：受科技進步的鼓舞，許多農(nóng)民在自己的土地上建立了風車農(nóng)廠。句子主語與encourage之間是動賓關系，故用過去分詞作狀語。,11．________，they set out to break the record for crossing channel swim. A．Well equipped B．Well equipping C．Well being equipped D．To equip,解析：選A。句意：裝備好后，他們出發(fā)去打破穿越海峽的游泳記錄?？疾榉侵^語動詞在句中作狀語，equip與they之間是動賓關系，故用過去分詞作狀語。,12．________ by the beauty of nature，the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. A．Attracting B．Attracted C．To be attracted D．Having attracted,解析：選B。句意：被自然美景所吸引，這個來自倫敦的女孩決定再在農(nóng)場度過兩天的時間。該題考查過去分詞作狀語，表示原因。句子主語the girl與attract之間是動賓關系，故用過去分詞形式作狀語。,13．________with all the difficulties，he never gave up. A．Faced B．Facing C．Being faced D．Faced himself,解析：選A。句意：面對所有的這些困難，他從來沒有放棄過。face是及物動詞，多用于face sb.with sth.結構中，與he之間是動賓關系，故用過去分詞短語作狀語。,14．________with a bill for $5,000，Tom has taken another job during his spare time. A．Burdened B．Burden C．Burdening D．To be burdened 解析：選A。句意：負有5000美元的債務，湯姆在業(yè)余時間里又從事了一份工作。主語Tom與burden之間是動賓關系，故用 burdened with.作狀語，表示被動和完成。,15．________ for the breakdown of the school computer network，Alice was in low spirits. A．Blamed B．Blaming C．To blame D．To be blamed 解析：選A。句意：因為學校網(wǎng)絡的癱瘓而受到指責，愛麗絲情緒非常低落。此處blame與Alice之間是動賓關系，即blame Alice for.，故用過去分詞形式作狀語。,如何進行想象性寫作 寫作例題 根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容，通過合理的想象，以“Our Future Life”為題寫一篇100詞左右的英語短文，展望一下未來的科技生活。 1．有些人可以到月球上度假。 2．有些科學家能在海底生活。,3．每家都有可視電話(videophone)，通過可視電話人們可以進行體檢或購物。 4．孩子們可以通過電視和廣播在家接受教育。 5．機器人為你做家務。,Our Future Life ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________,審題謀篇 1．本文主體時態(tài)是一般將來時；中心人稱是第一人稱。 2．梳理作文要點，根據(jù)作文要點，選擇合適的句式。如并列句，疑問句，或復雜句式等。 3．本文結構可以包括導入語部分和要點描述部分。,4．行文過程中，發(fā)揮想象，注意修辭，如使用高級句式或高級詞匯等，以增加文章的得分亮點。,寫作要點 1．未來生活會是什么樣子？ What will the future life_____________？,be like,2. 有些人可以到月球上度假。 ①Some can________________on the moon. ②We can go to the moon________________________. 3．有些科學家能在海底生活。 Some scientists can____________________.,go on a vacation,for our holiday,live under the sea,4．每家都有可視電話(videophone)，通過可視電話人們可以進行體檢或購物。 ①People can________________________，and can also____________________________or ______________through videophone. ②We can have the physical examination or do shopping by______________________.,make a videophone,have their body examined,do shopping,using the videophone,5． 孩子們可以通過電視和廣播在家接受教育。 Childrencan______________________through the TV or the broadcast.,get/receive education,6．機器人為你做家務。 ①We can____________________________by the robots. ②The robots can________________________________.,have the housework done,help you with the housework,佳作欣賞 Our Future Life Sometimes I dream about life in the future.①What will it be like？Perhaps some people will go to the moon for their holiday，and some scientists will live under the sea.Maybe we will have videophones in every home.,②We can have a physical examination or do some shopping without leaving our homes. ③I’m sure there’ll be more educational programs on the radio or TV，so perhaps children won’t need to go to school every day.They will study at home.,No people like doing housework.Maybe in the future each family will have a robot.④Every day we can ask the robot to do shopping，housework and so on.⑤I believe the dream will come true some day.,名師點津 【美文點津】 ①疑問句式的使用，引人思考。 ②leaving our homes是動名詞短語，在句中作介詞without的賓語。 ③there’ll be.是省略了that的賓語從句，做be sure的賓語。,④and so on是“等等”之意。 ⑤believe 后面接了省略了引導詞that的賓語從句。 【類文點津】 在進行想象性作文的寫作時，在立足于寫作要點的基礎上，要求考生充分發(fā)揮自己的想象力，同時，在寫作時，要注意以下幾方面：,1．主題要明確。動筆前要先明確中心，即寫作目的。在此基礎上，要列好提綱，寫出主題句。盡可能選擇貼切的高級的句式或詞匯描述自己的觀點和看法。 2．在進行此類寫作時，主體時態(tài)多為一般將來時。中心人稱為第一人稱。,3．常用的句式有： I imagine./I dream about./I am curious about./There is some possibility that./We will have./I believe that the dream can come true one day.,同學們,來學校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學們,來學校和回家的路上要注意安全,