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Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing,概念：有時出于語法和修辭上的需要，需將句子的整個謂語或者謂語的一部分放在主語前面，這就構(gòu)成了倒裝。,,倒裝,分類,分類,,部分倒裝,全部倒裝,,一般疑問句及不以疑問詞作主語的特殊疑問句中so/such.that結(jié)構(gòu)中“so/such＋被修飾詞”位于句首時，主句倒裝only修飾狀語放在句首時，被修飾句倒裝某些表示否定意義的詞放在句首時，該句倒裝,表示方向、地點(diǎn)和時間等的介詞短語置于句首時分詞短語置于句首時,,分類,,部分倒裝,全部倒裝,,含had，should，were的虛擬條件句中省略if時，條件句倒裝表示“也(不)……”的句子，用“neither/nor/so＋動詞＋主語”式倒裝not only置于句首時，含not only的分句倒裝,表示方向、地點(diǎn)和時間等的介詞短語置于句首時分詞短語置于句首時,,分類,,部分倒裝,全部倒裝,,表示“一……就”的句子中，no sooner與hardly置于句首時，主句倒裝not until置于句首時，被修飾句倒裝表示祝愿的句子中there be結(jié)構(gòu)中,,表示方向、地點(diǎn)和時間等的介詞短語置于句首時分詞短語置于句首時,倒裝句式,Ⅰ.用倒裝句式改寫下列句子 1．I didn’t only know her，but I was her best friend. ________________________________________________________________________,Not only did I know her，but I was her best friend.,2．We don’t know the value of the health until we lose it. __________________________________________,Not until we lose health do we know its value.,3．He didn’t go swimming last week.I didn’t go either. ________________________________________________________________________ 4．The joke was so funny that it made everybody laugh. ________________________________________________________________________,He didn’t go swimming last week，neither did I.,So funny was the joke that it made everybody laugh.,5．She seldom attends our meeting. ______________________________________ 6．He never studies at school，he nor does his homework at home. ________________________________________________________________________,Seldom does she attend our meeting.,He never studies at school，nor does he do his homework at home.,7．A big calendar is hanging on the wall. ______________________________________ 8．The door burst open and the crowd rushed in. ____________________________________________,On the wall is hanging a big calendar.,The door burst open and in rushed the crowd.,9．He not only learned English well but also he spoke French very well. ________________________________________________________________________ 10．It was not until 1991 that the property bubble burst. _________________________________________,Not only did he learn English well but also he spoke French very well.,Not until 1991 did the property bubble burst.,Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空 1．—Is everyone here? —Not yet.Look，there________ the rest of our guests! A．come B．comes C．is coming D．a(chǎn)re coming,解析：選A。句意：——人人都來了嗎？——還沒有?？矗渌哪切┛腿藖砹恕？疾榈寡b句，表示時間、地點(diǎn)等的副詞位于句首時，其后謂語動詞用全部倒裝句式。謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)后面的主語來定，由于the rest of our guests是主語；故用come。,2．Not until he left his home________ to know how important the family was for him. A．did he begin B．had he begun C．he began D．he had begun,解析：選A。句意：直到他離開家他才知道他的家庭對于他來說是多么的重要。not until放在句首要用部分倒裝，begin發(fā)生在left之后或同時發(fā)生，故用一般過去式的形式。,3．John opened the door.There ________he had never seen before. A．a(chǎn) girl did stand B．a(chǎn) girl stood C．did a girl stand D．stood a girl 解析：選D。句意：約翰打開了門，有一個他以前從來沒有見過的女孩站在那里?？疾樘厥饩涫健ere，there，thus，then等副詞位于句首，且當(dāng)句子的主語是名詞時，句子用全部倒裝句。,4．We laugh at jokes，but seldom________about how they work. A．we think B．think we C．we do think D．do we think 解析：選D。句意：我們因笑話而笑，但很少去思考笑話怎樣讓我們笑。考查倒裝。seldom為否定副詞，而且放在句首，用部分倒裝。,5．At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River________，one of the ten largest cities in China. A．lies Chongqing B．Chongqing lies C．does lie Chongqing D．does Chongqing lie,解析：選A。 句意：中國十大城市之一——重慶——位于長江與嘉陵江的匯合處。表示方位的地點(diǎn)狀語提前，其后用完全倒裝語序。,6．Hearing the dog barking fiercely，away ________. A．fleeing the thief B．was fleeing the thief C．the thief was fleeing D．fled the thief,解析：選D。句意：聽到狗兇猛的叫聲，小偷逃跑了?？疾榈寡b句用法。此處away為副詞，且置于句首，構(gòu)成句子的全部到裝。 7．For a moment nothing happened.Then________all shouting together. A．voices had come B．came voices C．voices would come D．did voices come,解析：選B。句意：暫時來說，沒有什么事情發(fā)生。然后傳來了所有人一起大喊的聲音。副詞then位于句首，且當(dāng)句子的主語是名詞時，句子用全部倒裝句。,8．The computer was used in teaching.As a result，not only________，but students became more interested in the lessons. A．saved was teachers’ energy B．was teachers’ energy saved C．teachers’ energy was saved D．was saved teachers’ energy,解析：選B。句意：計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用于教學(xué)。結(jié)果，不僅教師節(jié)省了精力，而且學(xué)生對課程更感興趣。考查“not only.but also.”， 放在句首作狀語時，not only分句用部分倒裝。,9．So sudden________that the enemy had no time to escape. A．did the attack B．the attack did C．was the attack D．the attack was,解析：選C。句意：進(jìn)攻是如此突然，以至于敵人沒有時間逃跑?？疾榈寡b，so.that.，such.that.的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，若so，such和與其所修飾的詞置于句首，該部分用部分倒裝，又sudden是形容詞，作表語。,10．Little________about her own safety，though she was in great danger herself. A．did Rose care B．Rose did care C．Rose does care D．does Rose care,解析：選A。句意：盡管羅斯自己處境危險，但是她對于自己的安全問題不是很在意。little是具有否定意義的詞，位于句首時句子用部分倒裝句。,11．Not until I came home last night________ to bed. A．Mum did go B．did Mum go C．went Mum D．Mum went,解析：選B。句意：昨晚直到我回來，媽媽才去睡覺。倒裝語序的用法。not until 位于句首時要用半倒裝的句型，把助動詞did提到主語Mum的前面。,12．Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason，and________. A．I was neither B．neither was I C．I was either D．either was I 解析：選B。句意：貝爾對于賈森拖延報(bào)告不滿意，我也是不滿意。此處表示上文提到的情況也適合下文，又因?yàn)樯衔氖欠穸ň?，故此處用neither構(gòu)成倒裝句。,13．Only when I left my parents for Italy ________how much I loved them. A．I realized B．I had realized C．had I realized D．did I realize 解析：選D。句意：只有在我離開我的父母去意大利時，我才意識到我是多么的愛他們。only修飾狀語并且置于句首時，其后主句謂語動詞用倒裝語序。,14．So much of interest________that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all. A．offers Beijing B．Beijing offers C．does Beijing offer D．Beijing does offer,解析：選C。句意：北京提供了如此多的有趣味之處以至于游客們還沒有來得及觀看完時間就用完了。so.that.句式中，若so及其所修飾的成分位于句首時，主句用倒裝語序。,15．________you eat the correct foods________ be able to keep fit and stay healthy. A．Only if；will you B．Only if；you will C．Unless；will you D．Unless；you will,解析：選A。句意：只有你吃健康的食物，你才能夠保持體形并保持健康。 if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句受only修飾時，主句用倒裝語序。,如何寫新聞報(bào)道 寫作要求 2011年12月12日，江蘇省徐州市豐縣發(fā)生一起校車側(cè)翻事故，造成十五人死亡，八人受傷。假如你是某英語報(bào)社的記者，根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容，用英語寫一篇120詞左右的新聞報(bào)道。,參考詞匯： 側(cè)翻：turn on one’s side 碰撞：collision 偶然的： accidental 必然的：inevitable,審題謀篇 1．采用夾敘夾議的表現(xiàn)方法。 2. 文章主體部分分為三個段落。首段引出事故的發(fā)生，中間描述事故的傷亡情況以及事故原因的分析，末段闡述感想。 3．主體時態(tài)為一般過去時。,寫作要點(diǎn) 1．事故偶然發(fā)生在2011年12月12日，江蘇省徐州市豐縣。 A traffic accident______________________in December 12,2011 in Feng County，Jiangsu. In December 12,2011 in Feng County，Jiangsu，there _____________ a serious traffic accident.,happened/occurred,happened,2．一輛校車在路上發(fā)生側(cè)翻。 The school bus__________________on the way. 3. 事故造成15人死亡，8人受傷。 The accident____________fifteen deaths and eight injuries. Fifteen people died and eight people were injured ________________________________ the accident.,turned on its side,resulted in,as a result of/because of/due to,4．因避讓一輛三輪車而發(fā)生側(cè)翻事故。 When it tried to avoid the__________ with the tricycle，the school bus turned on its side. 5．孩子傷亡比較嚴(yán)重。 The children___________ serious injury. The accident________serious injury to the children.,collision,suffered,caused,6．要從事故中吸取教訓(xùn)，盡可能避免類似事故的發(fā)生。 We should________________from the accident_____________avoid other accidents as possible.,learn a lesson,so as to,佳作欣賞 In December 12,2011 in Feng County，Jiangsu，a school bus turned on its side ①when it tried to avoid the collision with a tricycle. The school bus turned on its side ②so suddenly that the children in the bus crowded and shoved each other.,The accident caused many deaths and serious injuries.③There were fifteen people who died in the accident and_eight people suffered serious injury from it. The cause of this traffic accident is accidental but at the same time inevitable.The accident caused much sadness to us.,④And what we will do next is that we should learn a lesson from it ⑤so as to prevent other such kind of tragic accidents happening again.,名師點(diǎn)津 【美文點(diǎn)津】 ①該句是復(fù)合句式，when引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句。 ②so.that.是“如此……以至于……”之意，that引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句。 ③who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞people。,④what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在句中作主語；that引導(dǎo)的是表語從句。 ⑤so as to是“為了……”之意，在句中作目的狀語。,【類文點(diǎn)津】 1. 新聞報(bào)道的結(jié)構(gòu)一般分為四個部分：標(biāo)題、導(dǎo)語、主體和結(jié)語。 2．標(biāo)題是新聞的題目，是編輯對最有新聞價值內(nèi)容的濃縮、概括、提煉和再創(chuàng)造。撰寫標(biāo)題是為了提取新聞要點(diǎn)、詮釋新聞意義、吸引讀者閱讀。在今天繁忙的現(xiàn)代社會，報(bào)紙的讀者大多是標(biāo)題瀏覽者。,3．導(dǎo)語是消息開頭的第一段或者第一句話，它扼要地揭示出消息的核心內(nèi)容。 4．主體是消息的主要部分，它用充足的事實(shí)表現(xiàn)主題，是對導(dǎo)語內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步展開和闡釋。 5．新聞報(bào)道的結(jié)語一般是最后一句話或者一段話，通常對全文內(nèi)容作概括性的總結(jié)，或?qū)π侣勈录陌l(fā)展趨勢做成預(yù)測。有時候，作者根據(jù)報(bào)道的事實(shí)在結(jié)語中提出令人深思的問題。,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,