第六講-Unit 2 Topic 3 What can we do at home to protect the environment?初中英語年級(jí)重難點(diǎn)連詞or and but和 while連接的復(fù)合句ought to 的用法【知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備】四、 語法：并列句1）并列句是由連詞把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連成的一個(gè)新句子，即：簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句。2）常用并列連詞和短語：1、表示連接，常用的有and、not onlybut also 、neithernor等。例：Right now it's the summer vacation and I'm helping my dad on the farm.眼下正是暑假期間，我?guī)椭职衷谵r(nóng)場(chǎng)里干活。Not only is he our teacher, but also he is our friend. 他不僅是我們的老師，而且是我們的朋友。Neither did the naughty boy go home nor did his parents come to search for him. 這調(diào)皮的男孩既不回家，他的父母也不尋找他。2、表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的有but、yet、sill、however、while等。例：We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat.在美國(guó)的南方，我們種植稻谷，而在較冷的北方，人們種植小麥。The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months, yet he couldn't find any work. 這個(gè)工人在紐約找工作己有幾個(gè)月之久，但是仍然沒有找到。Certainly he apologized, however, I won't forgive him. 他的確道歉了，然而我不會(huì)原諒他。Instead, he asked his father why he was not able to hatch chickens while hens could. 他反問他父親，為什么他不能孵出小雞，而母雞卻能。3、表示選擇，常用的有or、or else、otherwise、otherwise、either.or等。例：They must be taken away from the heat of the fire, or they might get burnt. 他們必須從爐火邊拿走，不然就有可能烤糊的。Take this bus or else you won't get there in time.搭這輛公共汽車吧，否則你將無法及時(shí)到達(dá)那里。Work hard, otherwise you'll be sorry. 努力用功，否則你會(huì)后悔。Either you are mad or I am. 不是你瘋了，就是我瘋了。4、表示原因，只有for一個(gè)詞。例：They had often heard of elephants, but they had never seen one , for being blind, how could they? 他們常常聽說過大象，但從來沒看到過，因?yàn)樗麄兪窍棺?，怎么能看到呢?、表示結(jié)果，常用的有so、therefore。例：It's time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 這是一年中收割稻谷的時(shí)期，因此，我每天都從早到晚的勞動(dòng)。He worked day and night, therefore, he was able to buy the sports car. 他日夜工作，所以有能力買那輛跑車。并列句的考點(diǎn)例析 例1：I help him _ he helps me. We help each other.          A. butB. andC. orD. for 例2： Dont miss the bus, _you'll be late for school.     A. andB. or C. soD. but 例3：Get up early tomorrow, _ you'll catch the first bus.      A. soB. andC. butD. or 例4：Get up early tomorrow, _ you'll miss the first bus.      A. soB. andC. but D. or 語法練習(xí)題：（A）單項(xiàng)選擇題1. I thought the actor was famous, _ none of my friends has ever heard of him.A. andB. or C. soD. but2. Mary, put on your coat, _ youll catch a cold.A. and B. or C. so D. but 3. Cross the road carefully, _ youll keep yourself safe.A. so B. or C. and D. but4. I really enjoyed your speech, _ there were some parts I didnt quite understand.A. becauseB. forC. untilD. though5. _ Tom _ Peter are fond of watching TV.A. Not only; but alsoB. Both; andC. Either; orD. Neither; nor6. Be careful, _ youll make mistakes.A. and B. butC. orD. so7. This is my pen, _ that is your pencil.A. in B. of C. andD. but8. He is tall, _ his son is short.A. when B. or C. while D. and（B）從方框中所給的并列詞中，選出正確的一個(gè)，完成句子。 and   or   so     but    because     though 1. Open the door_ let the cool air in. 2. There are few new words in the article, _we couldnt understand it. 3. I like beef, _my father doesnt like it. 4. We finished the homework quickly _ it was very easy. 5. Be more careful, _ youll have an accident. 6. Its raining very hard, _ wed better stay here. 7. Claire wanted to buy a car, _ he didnt have enough money.8. Hes always very careful, _ he never makes any mistakes. 9. Take a raincoat with you, _ youll get wet. 10. He kept on working outside, _ it was colder and colder.Section A1、We all know that youre working for an organization that protects the environment. 譯：我們都知道你在為一個(gè)環(huán)境保護(hù)組織工作。work for 為工作 play for - _work as -充當(dāng)，擔(dān)當(dāng) work on-從事work out -算出 work hard at -在方面工作努力2、My main job is to help spread the message about protecting the environment.譯：我的主要工作使宣傳有關(guān)環(huán)保方面的信息。spread the message:散布信息 help sb. (to) do sth.-幫助某人做某事 help sb. with sth.-幫助某人某事cant help doing sth.-情不自禁做某事3、We should reduce the waste we produce. For example ,we should use both sides of paper and reuse plastic bags .譯：我們應(yīng)該減少人為的浪費(fèi)。比如，我們應(yīng)該雙面使用紙張，重復(fù)使用塑料袋。use both sides of paper使用紙的正反面 reuse plastic bag重復(fù)使用塑料袋4、So we encourage students to collect waste paper and soft drink cans. Then we sort them so that they can be recycled!譯：所以我們鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生收集廢紙和料瓶，然后我們把它們分類，以便能夠被回收。encourage sb to do sth 鼓勵(lì)某人做某事 Section B1、You ought to shut off the lights when you leave a room.譯：你離開房間的時(shí)候應(yīng)該隨手關(guān)燈。ought to-應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng) (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，無人稱，時(shí)態(tài)及數(shù)的變化) 表示責(zé)任, 義務(wù)或道義上應(yīng)該語義同shouldought to的否定形式為ought not to do sth., 縮略形式oughtnt to疑問形式為Ought +主語 + to do sth.? 肯定回答：Yes, 主 + ought. 否定回答：No, 主 + ought not.ought to 的反義疑問句中，附加疑問部分用ought或should疑問練習(xí)：a. We ought to be polite to the old. 譯：_b.你應(yīng)該幫你媽媽做些家務(wù)活。You_ _ _ your mother _ some housework.c.你不應(yīng)該在墻上畫畫。You _ _ draw on the wall.d.我應(yīng)該立刻去澆花嗎？_ I _ _ the flowers at once? shut off - 關(guān)掉，切斷，停止工作, 與turn off 同義。turn on 打開 turn up 調(diào)高，開大 turn down 高低，關(guān)小2、Youd better walk or ride a bike instead of taking a bus or a taxi if you travel a short distance. 譯：如果你短距離旅行，最好步行或騎車而不是乘坐公共汽車或出租車。d better = had better 可與任何人稱連用，后接動(dòng)詞原形。 had better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事 instead of代替，而不是 (介詞短語) 3、Its so easy to be a greener person. 譯：成為一名環(huán)保使者真容易。green 在此處不指顏色，而意為“環(huán)境保護(hù)的”。It is /was +adj. +to do sth. 句型中it 是形式主語，真正的主語是：to be a greener person. 類似的句有It is /was +adj. +of /for sb. to do sth. 當(dāng)用來形容詞來描述人的性格、特征、品質(zhì)時(shí)，通常用of，這類形容詞有：kind , good ,nice, clever,當(dāng)形容詞用來描述事物的性質(zhì)、特征時(shí)，通常用for. 這類形容詞有:easy, difficult,important, hardEasier said than done. 譯：_Actions speak louder than words.譯： _ Section C1、Some countries use nuclear energy to produce power.譯：一些國(guó)家使用核能源來產(chǎn)生動(dòng)力。use sth. to do sth.=use sth. for doing sth. -使用某物做某事 練習(xí):a.在過去人們使用竹子寫字.People _ bamboo _ _ in the past.b.人們用風(fēng)發(fā)電。People _ wind _ producing electricity.區(qū)別：還有一些介詞也可表示“用”，如：in，by, witha. You can solve the problem in this way. b.You can buy lots of things with the money. c.My father goes to the office by car.2、Its key disadvantage is that the process requires a long time (up to 30days) and the high cost for its building.譯：它的主要缺點(diǎn)是這個(gè)過程很長(zhǎng)（長(zhǎng)達(dá)30天），并且成本很高。a) key : 主要的，關(guān)鍵的 b) up to 達(dá)到，至多有 c) high cost 費(fèi)用高 英語中描述價(jià)格（price）、費(fèi)用(cost)高/低常用high/low, 不能用expensive/ cheap.3、In China, the best-known maglev train is the German-built one in Shanghai. 譯：在中國(guó)，最有名的磁懸浮列車是由德國(guó)制造在上海投入使用的那輛。German n. 德國(guó)人，德語。 作“德國(guó)人”時(shí)，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為：Germans.德國(guó)： Germany4、The train can reach a top speed of 431 km per hour. 譯：這輛車最好時(shí)速可達(dá)431千米。reach a speed of+具體速度 -達(dá)到某個(gè)速度at a speed of + 具體速度-以某個(gè)速度, 可用high, low, full等形容詞修飾speed 。Section D1、They are trying to do what they can to protect the environment. 譯：他們盡他們最大的能力來保護(hù)環(huán)境。此句中what they can 做do 的定語；to protect the environment做句中的目的狀語。2、1) How often do you use paper towels? Often. 2) How long have you worked here? Twenty years. 3) How soon will you arrive here? In five minutes. 4) How far is it from Beijing to Shanghai? 860kilometers.1）對(duì)時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)度提問用：_，常用_回答。2) 對(duì)兩地的距離提問用：_3) 對(duì)頻率“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間一次”提問用：_，常用_ 回答。4) 表示“需要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，過多久”提問用：_, 多用于將來時(shí)，常用_ 回答?！井?dāng)堂小測(cè)】1、根據(jù)漢語提示，完成句子。1) We need a _(向?qū)?to help us go through the mountain.2)Are there any _(德國(guó)人)in your language training school?3)Be careful! There is a _(深的) hole at the front.4) The printing factory used the very latest _(技術(shù)).5) Everything is ready. I dont _(需要) anything else at all.6) 喬的車達(dá)到了每小時(shí)120千米的速度。 Joes car reaches _ _ _ 120 km per hour.2、單項(xiàng)選擇。( )1）Its very kind_ you to help me with my chemistry.A, of B, to C. at D. in( )2)-I like riding fast. Its very exciting .-Oh ,you mustnt do it like that,_ you may have an accident.A, and B, or C, so D, but ( )3) Wei Li doesnt have much money , _ she always enjoys herself and has a lot of good friends.A,so B,but C,and D, because( )4) I like music _ he likes sports.A. when B, while C, so D, or ( )5) “Reduce, reuse and _ ”are called the three Rs. A,recycling B recycles C ,recycle D, recycled ( )6)We should encourage students _ the environment.A, protect B, protecting C ,to protect D. to protecting ( )7)_ I live near the sea, I am not a good swimmer.A. But B. Although C. If D. So( )8)_ The movie will begin in a minute. A.Hurry up. B. Give up. C. Stay up. D. Put up .( )9) Smoking is a bad habit _its harmful to our health. A.and B. but C. while D. or ( )10)We can see many trees on _sides of the road. A.every B. each C. both D. either( )11)-Never _! I believe you can make it . - Thank you . I will. A.hurry up B. give up C. shut off D. run out( )12) Its getting dark, _they are still working. A.and B. but C. so D. or ( )13)Take more exercise, _you will be healthier. A.and B. but C. so D. for( )14)We should give him one more chance. _, he has little working experience. A. At last B.At least C. After all( )15)-When Joe _of money, nobody could help him . - What a pity! A. runs out B. runs C. runs away D. runs to ( )16)We students _tell lies. Its not a good habit. A.should B. ought not to C. had better D. have to ( )17)He is tall _his daughter is short. A.when B.while C. or D. and ( )18)-Remember to _the lights when you leave the room. - OK. I will. A.turn on B. turn off C. turn down D. turn up ( ) 19)Help others whenever you can _ youll make the world nicer place to live in. A. or B. and C. but D. while( )20) Cross the road carefully, _ youll keep yourself safe . A. so B. or C. but D. and ( ) 21) Hurry up, _ youll be late for the concert . A. or B. so C. but D. and ( ) 22) -Tell us something about Canada, OK? - Im sorry. _ Jack _ I have ever been there. A. Either, or B. Not only, but also C. Both, and D. Neither, nor ( ) 23) I always enjoy visiting London, _ I wouldnt like to live there. A. because B. so C. but D. and 【課后作業(yè)】一、單項(xiàng)選擇。( ) 1.What will you do with these eggs? Ill _ them according to size.A. sort B. reduce C. prevent D. produce( ) 2. Please dont throw away waste paper here and there. - _.A. Its a pleasure. B. Its very kind of you. C. Sorry, I wont. D. OK. I will.( ) 3. Be careful when you use that knife, _ youll cut yourself. A. and B. but C. or D. so( ) 4. - _ do you visit your grandparents? Once a week.A. How long B. How often C. How many D. How soon( ) 5. Though the workers are tired, they dont want to stop _.A. working B. work C. to work D. works( ) 6.Miss Wang knows little English, _ she cant understand the instructions on the box of the pills.A. so B. but C. and D. or( ) 7. _ the lights when you are not using them. Itll save electricity.A. Turn on B. Turn off C. Turn down D. Turn up( ) 8. Its really clever _ him to work out the problem.A. for B. of C. to D. with( ) 9. Its necessary _ us to keep the environment clean. A. for B. of C. to D. with( ) 10. The Internet can be used for _ jobs. A. find B. to find C. found D. finding二、完形填空Some people say they have a solution to the problems of car crowding and pollution. In many cities, hundreds of people 1 bikes to work every day. In the New York City, some bike riders have even founded a group: Bike for a Better City. They say if more people ride bikes to work, there would be 2 cars and less dirty air.For several years this group has tried to gather help for bike riders. They want to have special roads 3 bikes only, because when bikes and cars use the same roads, there may be accidents. Bike for a Better City thinks if there were bike roads, more people would use bikes.But no bike roads have been established 4 . Not everyone thinks it is a good 5 . Drivers dont like it, and some shop owners dont like it, 6 . And most people live 7 far from the city to travel by bike. Still, 8 has been done about it. On Saturdays and Sundays, the largest open park in New York is 9 to cars, and the roads may be used by bikes only, but the group still says this is not enough and goes on fighting 10 bike roads. I think there will be more bike roads in the future.( )1)A.onB.rideC.byD.take( ) 2)A.fewerB.lessC.manyD.more( )3)A.untilB.forC.asD.of( ) 4)A.yetB.alreadyC.stillD.once( )5)A.hopeB.wayC.helpD.idea( )6)A.soB.andC.alsoD.either( )7)A.veryB.quiteC.tooD.so( )8)A.everythingB.somethingC.anythingD.nothing( )9)A.closedB.openC.openingD.closing( )10 ) A.getB.to getC.askD.to ask