第七講-Unit 3 Topic 1 English is widely spoken throughout the world.初中英語年級九重難點被動語態(tài)【知識儲備】語法：被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。如：They will build a new bridge over the river. (主動)A new bridge will be built over the river. (被動)漢語中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示被動，而英語用：助動詞be + 及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成+（by+ 動作的執(zhí)行者）。be有人稱，數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化，其肯定式，否定式和疑問式的變化規(guī)則與be作為系動詞時完全一樣。如：English is widely used around the worldEnglish is not widely used around the world.Is English widely used around the world? Yes, it is. No, it isnt.被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成為“be + 過去分詞”。在不同的時態(tài)中，過去分詞保持不變，而be動詞隨著時態(tài)有不同的變化，如：am/ is/ are（一般現(xiàn)在時）；was/ were （一般過去時）；have/ has been( 現(xiàn)在完成時)；am/ is/are being （現(xiàn)在進行時）等。若含有情態(tài)動詞，則用“情態(tài)動詞+ be + 過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。The flowers are being watered by them. 他們正在澆花。The plan has been found by me. 鋼筆已經(jīng)被我找到了。Homework must be finished first. 必須要先完成作業(yè)。（注意：不及物動詞和系動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。make/see/hear sb. do被動要改為be made/seen/heard to do）被動語態(tài)的考點例析 例1. Today Chinese _by more and more people around the world.     A.  was spoken    B. is spoken    C. spoke    D. Speak例2. The village is building a school. I hope it _ before August this year.    A. finishes   B. will finish  C. is finished   D. will be finished  例3.-What happened to Billy？  -He _ because of his drunk-drivingAis caught Bwas caught  Chas caught 例4：Now all Chinese couples_to have two childrenAallow Ballowed Care allowed Dwere allowed 語法練習題(A)將下面的主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)1. Many people speak English around the world. - English _ _ _ many people around the world.2. Chinese built the Great Wall in the old days. - The Great Wall _ _ _ Chinese in the old days.3. They are planting trees now. - Trees _ _ _ _ them now.4. They were planting trees this time yesterday. - Trees _ _ _ _ them this time yesterday. 5. We will plant more trees next year. - More trees _ _ _ next year.6. He has just finished his homework. - His homework _ just _ _.(B)選擇填空：1.一Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible? 一YesIn fact，it _.That's all because of the people and the factories aroundApolluted B was polluted C has polluted D.was po11ute2.Twelve-year-old teenagers should not _ to drive in China. A. allow B. be allow C. allowed D. be allowed3.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week.A. is givenB. has been given C. will be given D. gives4.Usually computers _to search the Internet. A. use B. are using C. are used D. used5. _ a new library _ in our school last year?A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did; build6.The 0lympic Games _every four years. A are held B were held Care holding Dwill ho1d7.The sick boy _ to hospital by the police yesterday.A. is taken B. was taken C. takes D. took8.Waste paper shouldnt _ everywhere. Its our duty to keep our city clean.A. be thrown B. throw C. is thrown D. are thrown9.-Did you go to Sams weekend party? -No, I_. A.am not invitedB. wasnt invited C. havent invited D. didnt invite10.-Do you often clean your classroom? -Yes. Our classroom _every day. A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned D.was cleaned二·詞組 Section A 1. stick sth on sp. 把貼在2. be ready for sth 為某事準備好了3. cant wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事4. have a good chance to do sth 有一個好的機會去做某事5. throughout / all over the world 全世界6. from now on 從現(xiàn)在開始7. millions of 數(shù)以百萬計的8. be pleased with 對感到滿意Section B9. pack ones bags 打包行李10. on business 出差11. the night table 床頭柜12. the official language 官方語言13. be similar to / be the same as / be different from 和相似 和一樣 和不一樣14. have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困難15. ask sb for help 向某人求助16. explain (sth) to sb 向某人解釋某事17. get along with sb 與某人相處18. be in trouble 處于麻煩中19. divide into 把分成Section C20. the largest number of people 最多數(shù)量的人21. mother tongue 母語22. the base language 基礎(chǔ)語言23. international business 國際商業(yè)24. the worlds airlines 國際航空25. in many different fields of life 在生活的很多不同領(lǐng)域26. go abroad 出國27. play an important part in our lives 在我們生活中扮演重要角色28. a powerful country 一個強大的國家Section D29. take the leading position in 在某方面處于領(lǐng)先地位30. encourage sb to do sth 鼓勵某人做某事31. be popular with sb. 受某人的歡迎32. make great progress in doing sth 在某事上取得巨大的進步33. require sb to do sth 要求某人做某事34. in the rest of 在的剩余部分35. regardas 把當做Section A1. Disneyland is enjoyed by millions of people from all over the world. 迪士尼樂園受到全世界千千萬萬的人的喜愛。這句話使用的是被動語態(tài)，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，即Disneyland 是enjoy的承受者。一般現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài)的謂語由“am/is/are+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。如：English is spoken by many people.很多人都說英語。History is made by the people.歷史是人民創(chuàng)造的。注意：完整的被動語態(tài)句式結(jié)構(gòu)為：動作的承受者+be+動詞過去分詞 +by+動作執(zhí)行者。2.I can't wait to fly there! 我迫不及待地想飛到那里了！can't wait to do sth. 我迫不及待地想做某事。如： I can't wait to see him. 我迫不及待地想見到他。鏈接：wait for 等候，等待。如：He was attracked while he was waiting for a bus.他在等公共汽車時遭到了襲擊。There's a package waiting for you in the office.辦公室有你一個包裹。wait for sb.to do sth.期待某人做某事。如：There's no point waiting for her to change her mind.等她改變主意毫無意義。keep sb. waiting 使某人等著。如：We were kept waiting outside his office for over an hour.我們在他的辦公室外面等了一個多小時。wait a minute/second別急，等一會。3.It is also widely used throughout the world now.現(xiàn)在它也在全世界被廣泛地使用。(1)widely adv.意為“廣泛地 ”，在句中作狀語。如：This kind of textbook is widely used in our school.這種課本在我們學校被廣泛使用。(2) throughout the world “全世界”，相當于 all over/around the world 。Throughout prep.各處，遍及鏈接：Throughout prep.貫穿整個時期，自始至終。如The museum is open daily throughout the year.這個博物館一年到頭每天都開放。4.Try your best and work much harder from now on.盡你最大努力，并且從今以后你要更刻苦地去學習。from now on 表示“從今以后，從現(xiàn)在開始”，用于將來時。如：I hope they'll be friends from now on.我希望從現(xiàn)在起他們成為朋友。鏈接： From on 從 時起from then on 從那時起 from today on 從今天起 from that day on從那天起5.At last,he was pleased with one of his pictures of the mouse.最后，他對其中一幅老鼠的圖畫感到滿意。be pleased with 對 高興，滿意。如：She is pleased with her new car.她對新車很滿意。 拓展： be pleased to do sth.高興做某事。如：I 'm pleased to see the changes of my hometown.我很高興看到家鄉(xiāng)的變化。be pleased that +從句。如：Jack was pleased that his parents would come to see him.杰克的父母要來看望他，他很高興。Section B1.  Is Spanish similar to English? 西班牙語和英語相似嗎？ be similar to   和相似 Marias bike is similar to Janes. 瑪利亞的自行車與簡的差不多。be the same as   和一樣；     This book is the same as that one. 這本書和那本書一樣。 2.  Is it possible for you have trouble communicating?你與人交流可能會遇到一些麻煩嗎？    . It's possible that. 有可能.        It's possible that he will buy a new car.他可能會買一輛新車。         . It's possible (for sb. ) to do sth. (對某人來說）做某事是可能的；       Its possible for us to solve the problem. 我們可能會解決這個問題。拓展： have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth.  做某事有麻煩/有困難；      I have trouble in reading the passage.  我讀這篇文章有麻煩。        have no trouble in doing sth.              做某事沒有麻煩；         He has no trouble finishing his homework.他毫不費力就完成作業(yè)了。  be in trouble 處于不幸、困惱、困境之中；   look for trouble 自尋煩惱；      get out of trouble 擺脫 / 走出 困境； 3.  If necessary, I'll ask an interpreter for help.如果有必要，我將向翻譯求助。   if necessary 如果有必要；  If necessary, you can keep a diary after class to improve your English. 如果有必要，你可以在課后寫日記來提高你的英語。   if so 如果這樣；  If so, I believe you will make great progress in the future. 如果這樣，我相信將來你一定會取得很大的進步。   ask sb. for help = turn to sb.   向某人求助，求助于某人；  You can ask me for help at any time if you like. 你隨時向我求助，我很樂意幫助你。 4. I wish you success!祝你成功！    wish v. 接雙賓語表示祝愿；   I wish you good luck. 我祝你好運。    wish (sb.) to do sth. 希望(某人）做某事；   I wish my parents to go with me . 我希望我的父母和我一起去。     wish 接從句表示“ 愿望”，從句用虛擬語氣。   I wish you were here. 我希望你在這里。 5.  The baby is laid in the bed by the woman. 那個女人把寶寶放在嬰兒床里。    A.  lay v.(尤其指輕輕地或小心地）放置，安放，過去式和過去分詞laid；    He laid a hand on my arm. 他把手搭在我的胳膊上。    B. lie v. 撒謊， 現(xiàn)在分詞 lying， 過去式和過去分詞 lied；    He always lied to me. 他經(jīng)常對我說謊。    C. lie v .躺，(東西)平放，位于；過去式lay，過去分詞lain；     He felt tired, so he went and lay down for a rest. 他感到疲勞，所以去躺下休息了。 Section C1.Of all these language, English is the most widely used.在所有這些語言中，英語的使用最廣泛（英語被最廣泛使用）。the most widely是副詞最高級，可放在過去分詞前，也可放在句尾。如：Productivity is the most rapidly increased.生產(chǎn)力得到最快速提升。2.Recent surveys show that more than 500 million people speak English as their mother tongue. 最近的研究表明，5億多人的母語為英語。1)show v.“表明，說明，告知”。其主要用法如下：Show sb.the way to告訴某人去的路；show sb. +疑問代詞或疑問副詞+不定式； show +從句。如：Could you show me the way to the station?你能告訴我去車站的路嗎？I shall show you how to start the machine.我要給你示范一下怎樣開啟這臺機器。He wanted to show that he didn't mind.他想要表明他并不介意。Please show me where your leg hurts.請告訴我你的腿哪兒疼。鏈接：show v. “出示，給看”?？筛p賓語，結(jié)構(gòu)為show sb. sth./show sth. to sb. 如：She showed me her new book.=She showed her new book to me.她把她的新書給我看。Show 展出，展覽。“在展出”要說be on show 如:I have been to a flower show.我看過花展。Her pictures are on show in Nanjing.她的畫在南京展出。2)tongue n.舌頭。如：It's very rude to stick your tongue out at people.向別人吐舌頭是非常不禮貌的。tongue用作名詞時還有“語言”之意。如：mother tongue“母語”，也可以說成 native tongue 。如：I tried speaking to her native tongue. 我試著用她的母語和她說話。3.It is clear that the English language is becoming more important.顯然，英語正變得越發(fā)重要。 It is clear that +從句，意為“顯而易見，顯然”。如： It is clear that she did so on purpose.顯然她是故意那么做的。Section D1.Then,since the 1950s,the USA has become more and more powerful.The American computer and Internet industry have taken the leading position in the world.然后，從二十世紀五十年代起，美國變得越來越強大。美國的計算機和因特網(wǎng)產(chǎn)業(yè)已經(jīng)在世界上占據(jù)領(lǐng)先地位。1)powerful adj.power,weak.It's said that the man is powerful.2)take the leading positionChina will take the leading position in the world's economy one day.2.Now,students are required to learn English,and the study of English is regarded as a very important industry in China as well as in the rest of the world.如今，要求學生學英語，而且無論在中國還是在世界上其他國家，學習英語都被認為是一個非常重要的產(chǎn)業(yè)。1) be required to do sth.被要求做某事。We are required to wear helmets while riding.騎車時我們需要帶頭盔。2) be required as 被當作，被看成。如：I was required as their own child.他們視我為親生孩子。3)rest n.剩余部分，其余。如：Take what you want and throw the rest away.把你想要的拿走，其余都丟掉。典例精析( )1.What a nice classroom!It _ every day.A.is cleaningB.has cleanedC.must cleanD.is cleaned( )2.It is _ that every student must go to school on time.A.clearedB.clearC.clearlyD.to clear( )3.China takes the leading position _ space industry.A.inB.atC.ofD.up( )4.Teachers should _ their students to practice _ English as much as possible.A.encourage, speaking B.let, speakC.make, speakD.keep,speaking( )5.Maria has _ trouble _ math, so she often asks her math teacher for help.A.much, understandingB.no, withC.many, understandingD.not, to understand( )6.If you have a chance _ in a university, you shouldnt give it up.A.studyB.studyingC.to studyD.studied( )7._ of the students in our class _ girls.A.Three fives, isB.Three fifths, isC.Three fifth, areD.Three fifths, are( )8.I bought a T-shirt yesterday. It was similar_yours. A.forB.to C.ofD.from( )9.What is a writing brush used for?Its used _ writing and drawing.A.asB.toC.forD.by( )10._, I must try my best to study English.A.On purposeB.From now onC.After allD.As soon as.完形填空。(10分) 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出一個能填入相應空格內(nèi)的最佳答案。More than 3,000 languages are spoken on the earth today. Many of these languages are spoken 16 small groups of people. On the 17 hand, over 200 languages are spoken by one million or more people. Chinese is the language spoken by the 18 number of people in the world. But English is most 19 spoken in the world.English is spoken by more than 400 million people 20 their first language. It is 21 by most people in the U.S.A., Great Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. And it is 22 used very widely in many other countries of the world.Look at the back of your watch. You may see the English words “Made 23 China, or Japan, even Germany.”English is the first language in 24 of these countries. Why are English words 25 on it? That is because in the modern world English is widely used for business between different countries.( )16.A.asB.byC.forD.with( )17.A.otherB.othersC.anotherD.the second( )18.A.biggestB.biggerC.largestD.larger( )19.A.wideB.widerC.widestD.widely( )20.A.ofB.inC.byD.as( )21.A.spokeB.spokenC.speakD.speaking( )22.A.eitherB.as wellC.alsoD.too( )23.A.atB.ofC.withD.in( )24.A.no oneB.noneC.nothingD.no( )25.A.writtenB.wroteC.writeD.writing【當堂小測】一基礎(chǔ)訓練：I根據(jù)漢語提示，完成下列句子，每空一詞。1. 我迫不及待地想見到我的父母。I _ _ _ _ my parents.2. 你將有一個很好的機會去練習游泳。You'll _ _ _ _ to _ _.3. 從今以后你應該更加努力學習英語。_ _ _ you should work _ _ at English.4. 要力爭兩天內(nèi)完成這項工作。_ _ _ to finish the work in two days.5. 各種運動我一般都喜歡，尤其是足球。I like all kinds of games _ _, and especially football. 6. 我毫不費力就算出了這道題。I _ _ _ _ out this problem.7. 每次我見到他，他都問我好多問題。_ _ _ him, he asks me lots of questions.8. 不管發(fā)生什么事,頭等重要的是保持冷靜。_ _, the first important thing is to keep calm.9. 那里有很多人。There _ _ _ _ _ people there. 10. 這個班級的女孩人數(shù)是二十三。_ _ _ _ in this class _ twenty-three. II按要求進行句型轉(zhuǎn)換。每空填寫一詞。1. People plant many young trees on both sides of the street each year. (改為被動語態(tài))Many young trees _ _ on both sides of the street each year.2. Many students enjoy cartoon films in our school. (改為被動語態(tài))Cartoon films _ _ _ many students in our school.3. Rice is grown in the south by them. (改為主動語態(tài))They _ _ in the south.4. More and more foreigners speak Chinese now. (改為被動語態(tài))Chinese _ _ by more and more foreigners now.5. The shop lost many new computers last night. (改為被動語態(tài))Many new computers _ _ _ the shop last night. I選擇題1. How much will you be paid? I dont do it for money, _, its voluntary (志愿的) work.A. however B. besides C. finallyD. possibly 2. A number of students _ in the dinning hall.Let me count. The number of the students_ about 200.A. are; is B. is; areC. are; areD. is; is3. China is a large country _ many different and interesting ways _ do things.A. with; to B. with; ofC. of; with D. in; of4. Beijing opera is _ many foreigners.A. enjoy by B. enjoyed by C. enjoying by D. enjoyed5. English is spoken _ a second language by many people.A. as B. for C. in D. byII用方框中所給短語填空，使句子完整、通順。1. _ 3,000 languages are spoken in the world.2. _ people in the world send and receive e-mails every day.3. Englishmen speak English as their _.4. _ we are clever, we must work hard.5. _ the students in our school is 5,000.【課后作業(yè)】(A)Nobody knows how many different languages there are in the world. The most widely used language is English. Its used by business people, airline pilots all over the world. Its also the first language of sports and science. So its very important for us to learn English.English is most widely spoken in the world, while Chinese has the largest number of speakers. There are not only over one billion people living in China, but also many Chinese people living outside China. You can find large or small groups of Chinese people living in almost every country in the world.There are some other important languages in the world, too. Chinese is of course very important, especially in Asia. Arbic is widely spoken in many parts of Asia and Africa. Russian is spoken both in Europe and Asia. French is widely understand, not only in Europe, but also in parts of Canada, Africa and Asia, Spanish has a growing number of speakers all over the world, especially in Central and South Africa.What language do people speak in the United Nations? There are so many different languages in the world, but they decide to use only six of them. There are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish. Everything spoken or written in one language is translated into the other five.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案。 ( )26.Whats the first language of sports and science？A.Chinese.B.English.C.Russian.D.French.( )27.The underlined word in the passage shows _.A.English is spoken by the most peopleB.Chinese is spoken by the most peopleC.English is spoken in most parts of the worldD.Chinese is spoken in very parts of the world( )28.According to the passage, _has the least speakers in Asia.A.RussianB.SpanishC.FrenchD.Arabic( )29.How many languages are used in the United Nations?A.Four.B.Five. C.Six. D.Seven.( )30.The best title for this passage is _.A.Different countries, different languagesB.The importance of EnglishC.The number of languages in the worldD.Languages used in the United Nations(B)Students in many countries are learning English. Some of these students are small children. Others are teenagers . Many are adults. Some learn at school, others by themselves. A few learn English by learning the language over the radio, on TV, or in film. One must work hard to learn another language.Why do all these people want to learn English? It is difficult to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school because it is one of their subjects required for study. They study their own language and maths and English. Some people learn it because it is useful for their work. Many people learn English for their work. Many people learn English for their higher studies, because at college or university some of their books are in English. Other people learn English because they want to read newspapers or magazines in English.( )31.People learn English _.A.at school B.over the radio C.on TV D.not all in the same way( )32.Different kinds of people want to learn English _.A.together with other subjects B.for different reasonsC.for their work D.for higher studies at colleges( )33.From this passage we know that _.A.we can learn English easilyB.English is very difficult to learnC.English is learned by most people in the worldD.English is a useful language but one must