第四講-Unit 2 Topic 1 Pollution has cased too many problems.初中英語年級(jí)九年級(jí)重難點(diǎn)一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)分【知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備】重點(diǎn)語法：一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別1、一般過去時(shí)：側(cè)重陳述一件過去的事情，與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系標(biāo)志詞：yesterday , last week , a moment ago，in 2013等例：I opened the door half an hour ago.2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系（注：它不與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用）標(biāo)志詞：already（已經(jīng)）/just（剛剛）/ever（曾經(jīng)）/never（從不）/before（以前）/yet（仍然）/recently（近來）標(biāo)志短語：in recent years（近年來）/so far（到目前為止）/in the past + 一段時(shí)間標(biāo)志次數(shù)：once（一次）/twice（兩次）/three times（三次）/several times（幾次）等標(biāo)志時(shí)間：1) for +時(shí)間段2) since +時(shí)間點(diǎn)3) since+時(shí)間段+ago4) 主句（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）since+從句（過去時(shí)）5) It is/has been+時(shí)間+since從句（過去時(shí)）例：I have opened the door.一般過去時(shí)&現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的考點(diǎn)例析 例1：_ you _ your homework yet ?Yes . I _ it a moment ago .A. Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finishedC. Have ; done ; have finished D. will ; do ; finish例2： I_a letter from him since he left. A. didn't receive  B. haven't got   C. didn't have D. haven't heard 例3：These farmers have been to the United States .Really ? When _ there ?A. will they goB. did they go C. do they goD. have they gone 例4：.It _ ten years since he left the army .A. is B. has C. willD. was語法練習(xí)題：（A）單項(xiàng)選擇題1. Little Bob did his homework and _ TV yesterday evening.A.watchB.watchesC. watchedD. is watching2. Hello, may I speak to your father, please?Sorry, my father _ to Shanghai. He went there this morning.A. goes B. has gone C. have been D. go3. Though he _ the book three times, he hopes to read it again.A. read B. reads C. has read D. would read4. Julia isnt going to the cinema with us because she _ the film.A. sees B. saw C. will see D. has seen5. My grandparents _ in that city since 2008.A. will live B. live C. have lived D. were living6. A nice car! Is it yours?No, it isnt. I _ it from a friend of mine two days ago.A.borrowB. have borrowedC. will borrowD. borrowed7. Excuse me, look at the sign NO PHOTOS!Sorry, I _ it.A. dont, seeB. didnt seeC. havent seenD. wont see8. The twins didnt go to the theatre, they _ the light music all night.A. have enjoyedB. will enjoy C. are enjoyingD. were enjoying9. Mr. Black is going to marry a girl he _ in Japan last year.A. meetsB. metC. has metD. would met10. Paul and I _ tennis yesterday. He did much better than I.A. playB. will playC. playedD. are playing（B）用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)填空：1.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days. 3.Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago. 4. Half an hour _ (pass) since the train _ (leave).  5. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?  7. -Are you thirsty? -No, I _just _ (have) some orange. 8. We _  already _ (return) the book.  9. My father _ (read) the novel twice. 10. I _ (lost ) my watch yesterday.  Section A1、You could see bees and butterflies dancing. 譯：你能看見蜜蜂和蝴蝶在飛舞。see sb. doing sth.-看見某人正在做某事。強(qiáng)調(diào)事件，(延續(xù)性)行動(dòng)正在進(jìn)行。see sb. do sth.-看見某人做某事。表示看見整個(gè)事件，(短暫性)行動(dòng)的全過程，動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束。總結(jié):這樣的動(dòng)詞還有-hear, watch, find, feel -叫做感官動(dòng)詞2、The flowers and grass have gone！譯：花和草都沒有了。have/has gone-已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在，不見了，消失了 我的足球不見了，我找不到它了。My football _ _. I cant find it.3、It smells terrible. 譯：難聞極了。smell terrible - 系表結(jié)構(gòu) 總結(jié)：系動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語（多為形容詞），構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。常見的系動(dòng)詞:be, feel ,sound, taste, smell, look, turn, become ,get ,go .4、Look, there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream. 譯：看，有幾家化工廠正往小溪里排放廢水。waste廢棄的，無用的(形容詞) waste land_ waste water_waste - 廢物，廢料(名詞) 常用短語： (a) waste of-一種的浪費(fèi)waste - 浪費(fèi)(動(dòng)詞) 用法： waste doing sth.- 浪費(fèi)做某事 several = a few 一些 后面接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) there be + sb./sth. + doing sth. 有某人某物正在做某事 練習(xí)：有個(gè)小男孩正在樹下玩耍。譯：_ _a boy _ under the tree.there be + sb./sth. + to do sth. 有某人某物去做某事練習(xí)a. There is no time to think. 譯：_Section B1、Whats wrong with you? 譯：你怎么了？同義句 1)_ 2)_2、How long have you been like this? 譯：你像這樣多長時(shí)間了？how long-多長時(shí)間，多久。謂語動(dòng)詞必須為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。區(qū)別： when-什么時(shí)間。 謂語動(dòng)詞多為短暫性動(dòng)詞。練習(xí)：1) -_have you learned English? -Since two years ago. 2) -_did you start to learn English? -Two years ago.3、The bad air makes my chest hurt. 譯：糟糕的天氣讓我胸口疼。hurt - 感到疼痛(不及物動(dòng)詞) 拓展：1)弄傷,弄疼(及物動(dòng)詞) 2)受傷的(形容詞)4、。The chemical factory produces terrible gas.譯:化工廠向外排放難聞的氣味make 和produce 都有_意思。一般可互換。但make 還有“做”的意思。5、I cant bear the environment here .譯：我不能忍受這的環(huán)境。cant bear sth./ doing sth. 不能容忍某事/做某事 如:I cant bear staying up so late. 這么晚不睡覺我受不了。6、Anyway, I hope the government will solve this problem soon .譯：無論如何，我希望政府能快點(diǎn)解決這個(gè)問題。anyway-無論如何，不管怎樣, 一般用于句首，后用逗號(hào)隔開。Section C1、However, not all people know that noise is also a kind of pollution and is harmful to humans health. 譯：然而，并不是所有的人都知道噪音也是一種污染并且對(duì)人類健康一樣有害。not all - 不是所有的都(部分否定)not與all, every以及every的派生詞連用時(shí)表示部分否定。neither, none, nothing, nobody, no one等，則表示全部否定。be harmful to sb. / sth. - 對(duì)某人/物有害 = do harm to sb /sth2、Quite a few people living near airports also have hearing loss. 譯：很多生活在機(jī)場附近的人也失去了聽力。quite a few = many 許多 quite a little = much 許多very few 幾乎沒有幾個(gè)very little 幾乎沒有一點(diǎn)3、 Recently, it is reported that many teenagers in America can hear no better than 65-year-oldpeople do, because these young people always listen to loud pop music.譯：近來，有報(bào)道說，美國許多青年人的聽力和65歲的老人一樣差，因?yàn)檫@些年輕人總喜歡聽勁爆的音樂。It is reported that-據(jù)報(bào)道 (后接that從句) 據(jù)說_ 眾所周知_no better than和（幾乎）一樣壞/差 = almost as bad/badly as4、It not only disturbs others but also does great harm to peoples hearing. 譯：它不禁打擾別人而且嚴(yán)重?fù)p害聽力。do(great) harm to sb. / sth. = be (great) harmful to sb./sth. - 對(duì)某人/某物有(很大)傷害 harm還可以作動(dòng)詞：harm sb./sth. - 傷害某人/某物Section D1、 create 動(dòng)詞， “造成，創(chuàng)造”通常指“創(chuàng)造新事物，塑造出人物、角色”等含意。2、with 表示伴隨，引導(dǎo)的介詞短語在劇中做狀語。 反義：without with+ 某種工具 “用.使用.”= use sth.3、heavy industry 重工業(yè) light industry 輕工業(yè)4、blood 名詞，“血液” 常用作不可數(shù)名詞, high blood pressure 高血壓5、as well “也” 常用在句末。 Eg: I dont it as well.【當(dāng)堂小測】1、根據(jù)句意及首寫字母提示，完成句子。1) I have b_ to the West Hill before.2)All the flowers, grass and fish have g_.3) There are s_ chemical factories pouring waste water into the river.4) We call a small narrow river a s_.5)She was still _(虛弱的) after her illness.6)_(不管怎樣)，I will try my best to finish it .7)The workers can _(生產(chǎn)) more toys after using the new machines.8)This factory makes _(太多的) noise. It is _(太)noisy.2、從方框中選擇合適的單詞，用正確的形式填空。mess shame several waste pollute1) Look！，_birds are singing in the tree.2) What a _! Can you clean your room, Tom?3) Dont throw rubbish around. It can _the environment.4) To my _, I did worst in the last exam in my class.5) Some homeless people live in that _house.3、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1)It was _ (report) that Liu Xiang would take part in the next Olympics.2)Look! There is a little boy _ (play) soccer on the playground.3)Noise pollution can cause people _ (become) sick or deaf.4)Its a pity that such a beautiful lake _ (go).5) People who work and live in _ (noise) conditions may go deaf. 4、單選( )1)Oh, the rice _ terrible. It must go bad.A. smells B. touches C. sees ( )2)- What _ in your hometown in recent years ? - There are many new tall buildings.A. was happened B. have happened C. has happened ( )3)-Would you like to go out for a picnic with us? -_ , but I have a lot of things to do .A. Of course not B. Id love to C. Thats all right( )5) I left my pen on the desk just now and now it _.A. is going B. has gone C. has left( )6) I _that village two months ago.A. visited B. visit C. have visited( )7)Trees are good for us . We must prevent anyone from _.A. cutting up them B. cutting down them C. cutting them down( )8)Dont make noise! There are several students _over there. Asleep B. sleeping C. to sleeping ( ) 9)-Listen, there is a bird _in the tree. - How wonderful.A.sings B. to sing C. singing ( )10)How long has he been abroad?-He has been abroad_last year.A for B after C since ( )11) The rubbish is almost everywhere ,Do you still want to have a picnic here?_, I hate to stay here.A Yes , of course , B Of course not C Id love to ( )12) Planes and machines produce _ noise.A much too B too much C too many ( )13) I cant bear the students _mach noise in class. A make B to make C making ( )14)It is reported that the bad weather will _for three days.A begin B stay C leave 【課后作業(yè)】1、選用下列單詞并用其適當(dāng)形式填空 relation, produce, walk, play, chest, once, influence, so, live, cancer 1. _ you are interested in playing computer games, you will have trouble giving it up.2. The boy is _ young that he cant look after himself. 3. He is used to _ to school.4. I think its a wonderful place _ in. 5. You can enjoy _, concerts and operas every day if you like. 6. The chemical factory has _ terrible gas. It should be far away from the center of the city. 7. I didnt sleep well last night because my _ hurt badly. 8. The questions have no _ to his lessons. 9. What he said has a strong _ on me. 10. The _ has spread to his stomach. He is dying. 2、從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)木渥友a(bǔ)全對(duì)話。 Jim: Good morning , 1 Grandma: I have a cough all the time. Jim: 2 Grandma: Ive been like this since last week.Jim: 3 Grandma: Yes . I have . But Im not feeling better.Jim: 4 Grandma: Because the air pollution here is serious. It causes my breathing problem.Jim: I want to write to the newspaper about the pollution . 5 Grandma: Yes. I hope the government will solve this problem soon.Jim: I believe well have good environment by then.A. Have you seen the doctor?B. How long have you been like this? C. Why ?D. Do you have any suggestion to the government , grandma?E. Whats wrong with you ?1)_ 2)_ 3)_4)_5)_3. 閱讀理解。 The earth is about 4600 million years old. Modern man has lived on the earth for only 35000 years but during that time we have changed our planet in many ways. Many of the things that we have done are good but more are not good for the earth. Water pollution A lot of people birds and fish die each day because of water pollution. Factories have polluted the land and the water. As a result many rivers and lakes are now dead. Air pollution In big cities factories as well as cars trucks and buses are the main cause of air pollution. Many people in cities now have serious health problems. For example Mexico city used to be a beautiful sunny capital but today it is always covered by thick brown clouds. Soil pollution In order to have a good harvest most of the farmers use chemicals too much in their fields. Thats bad for the soil. But this kind of pollution is difficult to stop. Hope for the future These problems are very serious for our future so all of us should do something to improve our environment. If we can stop pollution our planet will become more and more beautiful and our health will be better. Lets be greener people ( ) 1. _ have made the earth change a lot. A.Human beings B.Animals C.Plants D.People in other planets ( ) 2. There are _ kinds of pollution in this passage. A.two B.three C.four D.five ( ) 3. Pollution isnt a big problem now, is it? A. Yes there is. B.No it isnt. C. Yes it is. D. No there isnt. ( ) 4.Which sentence is NOT right according to the passage? A. Water pollution is very serious nowadays. B. We must stop the factories from pouring waste water into the rivers and lakes. C. Because of water pollution many rivers and lakes are now dead. D. Most of things that we have done are good for our planet.