十、詞句猜測(cè)句意理解題,專題三第二節(jié)分類突破,真題感悟,名師點(diǎn)津,內(nèi)容索引,隨堂限時(shí)練,真題感悟,(2017浙江，A) Benjamin West，the father of American painting，showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age.But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one.In those days，a brush was made from camels hair.There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead.He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush. The brush did not last long.Soon Benjamin needed more fur.Before long，the cat began to look ragged(蓬亂的).His father said that the cat must be sick.Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.,The cats lot was about to improve.That year，one of Benjamins cousins，Mr Pennington，came to visit.He was impressed with Benjamins drawings.When he went home，he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.He also sent six engravings(版畫) by an artist.These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr Pennington returned for another visit.He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.He asked Benjamins parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.,In the city，Mr Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.The boy began a landscape(風(fēng)景) painting.William Williams，a well-known painter，came to see him work.Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home.The books were long and dull.Benjamin could read only a little，having been a poor student.But he later said，“Those two books were my panions by day，and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.,語(yǔ)篇解讀,語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了美國(guó)著名藝術(shù)家本杰明韋斯特是如何開始他的藝術(shù)生涯的。,21.What is the text mainly about? A.Benjamins visit to Philadelphia. B.Williams influence on Benjamin. C.The beginning of Benjamins life as an artist. D.The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.,解析主旨大意題。文章從本杰明在六歲時(shí)自制畫筆作畫寫起，到后來(lái)利用專業(yè)工具作畫，再到知名畫家送給本杰明書籍，都是在講述本杰明是如何一步步走上藝術(shù)之路的，故選C。,答案,解析,22.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 suggest? A.The cat would be closely watched. B.The cat would get some medical care. C.Benjamin would leave his home shortly. D.Benjamin would have real brushes soon.,解析句意理解題。由前文可知，本杰明在沒有專業(yè)畫筆之前是用貓的毛制作畫筆的。畫線句的字面意思是“貓的命運(yùn)將會(huì)得到改善”。由該段后文可知，本杰明的表兄送給了他專業(yè)的顏料和畫筆。由此可推知D項(xiàng)與畫線句的意思相符。,答案,解析,23.What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent? A.He took him to see painting exhibitions. B.He provided him with painting materials. C.He sent him to a school in Philadelphia. D.He taught him how to make engravings.,解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。短文第四段提到“He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.”，接著下一段又談到“.Mr Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.”，由此可知，潘寧頓送給本杰明繪畫材料來(lái)幫助他發(fā)展藝術(shù)才能，故選B項(xiàng)。,答案,解析,24.Williams two books helped Benjamin to . A.master the use of paints B.appreciate landscape paintings C.get to know other painters D.make up his mind to be a painter,解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后兩句“While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.”可知，這兩本書是他通往古典繪畫的入門教程，也幫助他下定決心成為一名畫家，故選D項(xiàng)。,答案,解析,名師點(diǎn)津,一、題型解讀 記敘文、說(shuō)明文和議論文中可能會(huì)考查句意理解題。要求考生用合適的語(yǔ)句解釋一個(gè)具有概括性的句子或格言、諺語(yǔ)。設(shè)問形式常有： (1)The underlined sentence in the first/second/.paragraph means “ ”. (2)Which of the following best explains the underlined sentence in the first/second/.paragraph?,二、解題技巧“意義吻合”定句意,返回原文，定位畫線句，利用語(yǔ)法和邏輯關(guān)系準(zhǔn)確分析原句 分析理解畫線句前后語(yǔ)境，合理推斷句意 歸納總結(jié)，找出與原句意思完全吻合的選項(xiàng),一定位,二分析,三歸納,例如：【真題感悟】中第22題： 第一步：速讀文章，找出文章中與畫線句子相關(guān)的句子 (1)Before long，the cat began to look ragged(蓬亂的). (2)When he went home，he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. 第二步：對(duì)比信息句、畫線句和選項(xiàng)，確定答案 畫線句上一段講到為了制作畫筆本杰明剪貓的毛使貓“破相”，接下來(lái)講到堂兄給他送來(lái)了顏料和畫筆使貓的命運(yùn)得到改善，隱含著“本杰明將得到真正的畫筆”。由此可推知D項(xiàng)與畫線句的意思相符。,隨堂限時(shí)練,A What do you do if you dont get into your first choice of university？Thats the dilemma(困境) that faces thousands of British students every year. Many candidates turn to Clearing，the service that helps find university places for students at the last moment.If they dont have the marks to get into their first choice of institution，Clearing tells them about places available at other universities，though they might have to read another subject.,But this year has seen a record number of people applying to university.This，bined with the weak economy，an uncertain job market and budget cuts at universities，means that theres been even more of a scramble for places than usual.Some sources say six students have applied for each remaining undergraduate university place. The British University Admissions Service，UCAS，says up to a quarter of this years university applicantsalmost 190,000 peoplestill dont have a place on a degree course.Thats a rise of over 46,000 students from last year.,Faced with these figures，some British students might be thinking of an interesting alternative：studying abroad.The University of Nottingham，for example，is offering places at its campuses in Ningbo，near Shanghai，and Kuala Lumpur，Malaysia.Students here can gain University of Nottingham degrees in business，accounting，engineering and English.Similarly，the University of Bolton says it has “unlimited” places at its campus in the United Arab Emirates. Given the problems getting into university，the UKs Higher Education Minister，David Willetts，encourages students who havent made the grade to consider alternatives to university，such as apprenticeships and studying at home.,“There are a range of options available，” he says.“People are able to reapply.They should think how they can spend their year adding that bit to their CV，which would help their applicationgetting practical work experience or extra skillsanything that strengthens their chances next year.” But some experts say that rising university costs，poor long-term job prospects，and a drop in graduate recruitment mean its the worst time to be a university student in the UK.,1.When the author says “theres been even more of a scramble for places”(Para.3)，he means . A.more people have applied to university B.there is more petition between the candidates C.there are more services that help find university places D.more places are available,解析句意理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Some sources say six students have applied for each remaining undergraduate university place.”可知，每個(gè)名額都有6個(gè)學(xué)生申請(qǐng)，可見競(jìng)爭(zhēng)非常激烈，故選B。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析數(shù)字計(jì)算題。由第四段中的“UCAS，says up to a quarter of this years university applicantsalmost 190,000 peoplestill dont have a place on a degree course.”可知，190 000人是今年大學(xué)申請(qǐng)者的四分之一，因此今年大學(xué)申請(qǐng)者的數(shù)量是190 0004760 000人，故選D。,2.According to UCAS，there are about university applicants this year. A.190,000 B.46,000 C.236,000 D.760,000,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中的“David Willetts，encourages students who havent made the grade to consider alternatives to university，such as apprenticeships and studying at home”可知，David Willetts鼓勵(lì)分?jǐn)?shù)不夠上大學(xué)的學(xué)生考慮其他選擇，例如去做學(xué)徒或是在家學(xué)習(xí)，故選A。,3.David Willetts encourages students faced with the lack of places on a degree course . A.to consider apprenticeships and studying at home B.to study at campus outside the UK C.to ask Clearing for help D.not to go to university in the UK,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“rising university costs，poor long-term job prospects，and a drop in graduate recruitment mean its the worst time to be a university student in the UK.”可知，A、B、D三項(xiàng)都是造成這一年學(xué)生們最難進(jìn)入大學(xué)的原因。 由第五段可知C項(xiàng)是解決這一問題的方法而非原因。故選C。,4.Which of the following is NOT the reason that may make this year the worst time to enter university? A.It costs more to study at university. B.Long-term job prospects are worse. C.Universities offer places in other countries. D.There are fewer chances to do graduate study.,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,5.According to the passage，what can students do if they dont get into their first choice of university? A.They can go to work in Clearing. B.They can get practical work experience or skills and reapply next year. C.They can spend the year writing a better CV. D.They do graduate study at home.,解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段中的“People are able to reapply.which would help their applicationgetting practical work experience or extra skills”可知，未能如愿申請(qǐng)入學(xué)的學(xué)生應(yīng)盡可能利用這一年做一些能幫助他們申請(qǐng)的事情，即取得實(shí)際的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)或技能，明年再重新申請(qǐng)，故選B。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,B The public has voted the X-ray machine as the best invention.Out of nearly 50,000 votes cast，one in five people named it for having made the greatest impact on the past，present and future. Ten of the most significant objects in science，engineering，technology and medicine were selected for the vote.Information on all the items is found at the Science Museum in London. The first three positions were filled by medical inventions or discoveries，the X-ray machine being followed by the discoveries of penicillin and the DNA double helix(螺旋) structure.,X-rays provided the first possibility of looking inside someones body without cutting them opena massive medical advance. The particular X-ray machine in questionthe Reynolds machine in the Museums Making the Modern World Gallerywas a “do-it-yourself” experiment by a father and his son who were so inspired by news of the discovery of the X-ray that they set about building the equipment in their own home.,Museum curator(館長(zhǎng)) Katie Maggs said.“Its very inspirational to young scientists to learn that an invention now declared the most important in world history could be pioneered by enthusiastic amateur inventors.” Professor Andy Adam，president of the Royal College of Radiologists，was delighted to learn of the result. He said that the X-ray machine had revolutionized medical practice and that the technology had now advanced so much that we are reaching the era of the “transparent patient”.,Culture Secretary Ben Bradshaw said，“Any petition that pits the Apollo 10 spacecraft against Stephensons Rocket，and the DNA double helix against the Model T Ford，is bound to provide many talking points.” “The publics choice of the X-ray machine as the winner is a proof to our greedy curiosity to find out how things work.” The poll(投票) was conducted as part of the Science Museums events to mark its centenary(百年慶典).The 10 objects form a special Centenary Journey trail through the museum galleries.,解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“The first three positions were filled by medical inventions or discoveries，the X-ray machine being followed by the discoveries of penicillin and the DNA double helix(螺旋) structure.”可知B項(xiàng)正確。,6.Which of the following are the top three among inventions or discoveries? A.X-ray machine，Apollo 10 capsule and steam engine. B.X-ray machine，DNA double helix structure and penicillin. C.Stephensons Rocket，penicillin and the Model T Ford. D.Stephensons Rocket，Apollo 10 capsule and V2 Rocket Engine.,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段內(nèi)容可知，一對(duì)父子在自己的家里造出了X光機(jī)，故選C。,7.Which of the following is TRUE about the X-ray machine in the Gallery? A.It was made by the Reynolds Machine Company. B.It was a product directed by great scientists. C.It was built by a father and his son in their own home. D.It was small in size and advanced in technology.,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,8.From the underlined part in Para.8，we know Professor Andy Adam means . A.the X-ray machine has greatly improved medical practice B.the patients are all transparent in the eyes of doctors C.with the help of the X-ray machine，everything is transparent D.there is no need to cut someones body open during operations now,解析句意理解題。由第八段內(nèi)容可知，由于X射線可以透視人體，因此人類已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了“透明病人”時(shí)代，即病人身體哪兒有病，都能用X光機(jī)看到，這是醫(yī)療史上的巨大進(jìn)步，故選A。,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,9.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A.Top Ten Inventions of This Century B.The Most Important Discoveries C.What Makes Patients Transparent D.X-ray MachineTop Scientific Invention,解析標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)本文中心句第一句以及全文內(nèi)容可知，該篇文章主要講述了X光機(jī)被人們選為最好的發(fā)明，因此D項(xiàng)作為文章標(biāo)題最合適，故選D。,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,10.This passage is most probably taken from . A.a science fiction B.a school textbook C.a news journal D.a medicine magazine,解析文章出處題。從內(nèi)容來(lái)看，本文是在報(bào)道一件事，因此它屬于新聞性質(zhì)的文章，故選C。,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,