太原市2014高考英語閱讀理解一輪（暑假）訓練題（7）及答案（南昌市2011年高三年級第一次模擬考試）    CHICAGO(Reuters)Smoking not only can wrinkle(起皺紋)the face and turn it yellowit can do the same to the whole body. researchers reported on Monday. The study，published in the Archives of Dermatology, shows that smoking affects the skin all over the bodyeven the skin protected from the sun.    "We examined non-facial skin that was protected from the sun, and found that the total number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day and the total years a person has smoked were linked with the amount of skin damage a person experienced. "Dr. Yolanda Helfrich of the University of Michigan,who led the study, said in a statement.    "In participants older than 65 years, smokers had significantly more fine wrinkling than nonsmokers. Similar findings were seen in participants aged from 45 to 65 years, "Helfrichs team added in their report.    The researchers tested 82 people, smokers and nonsmokers, taking pictures of the inner fight alms. They ranged in age from 22 to 9l and half were smokers. Independent judges decided how wrinkled each persons skin was.    When skin is exposed to sunlight, notably the face, it becomes coarse. wrinkled and discolored with a pale yellow tint. Helfrichs team wrote.    Several previous studies have found that cigarette smoking contributes to premature(過早的)skin aging as measured by facial wrinkles, the study said, but little has been done to measure the aging of skin not exposed to light.    The report did not discuss the mechanism involved but previous research has found that cigarette smoke, among other things, causes blood vessels(血管)beneath the skin to constrict(緊縮), reducing blood supply to the skin.    Smoking can also damage the connective tissue that supports both the skin and the internal organs.(1)When your skin is exposed to sunlight long, it becomes all of the following but_.A. flexible          B. coarse            C. wrinkled           D. discolored(2)How wrinkled a persons skin is doesnt relate to_.A. the number of cigarettes a person smokesB. the kind and characteristics of skinC. how long a person smokesD. how long skin is under sunlight(3).From the passage smoking results in skin aging mainly because_.A. it will lower blood supply to skinB. it can make you feel tiredC. it can make skin come offD. it can make blood run faster(4)The main purpose of the passage is to_.A. inform people about the result of the studyB. advise people how to protect skinC. warn people not to smoke againD. introduce a new way of avoiding skin aging【解析】研究表明，吸煙對皮膚的危害極大，如加快皮膚衰老，改變皮膚顏色等。才外，還會破壞結締組織。不知種種觸目驚心的研究結果是否能給廣大煙民敲響警鐘？ (1)A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段中的內容可知當皮膚長時間暴露在陽光下時，皮膚不會變得“柔韌”。(2)B細節(jié)理解題。文章中沒有提到皮膚起皺紋的程度與皮膚的種類和特征有關。(3)A細節(jié)理解題。倒數(shù)第三段提到抽煙會讓皮膚過早衰老，下一段中提到抽煙使皮膚下的血管緊縮，減少血液對皮膚的供應，由此可知抽煙導致皮膚衰老的主要原因是降低了血液對皮膚的供應量。(4)C 寫作目的題。文章闡述了吸煙的種種危害，觸目驚心，目的顯然是警告人們不要再抽煙了。*結束6、 （威海二模）Anchors on China Central Television (CCTV) will need to do some fast talking to replace the popular English acronyms(首字母縮略詞) theyre now banned from using. Shanghai Daily reports that “anchors at China Central Television CCTV have been banned from saying the English acronyms NBA, CBA, GDP, and the like in their programs.” The replacement for those handy acronyms? Chinese presenters must use the full Chinese name, standardized by the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television. Although CCTV (oops, we mean China Central Television) presenters must already have a score of at least 94 in their government-rated oral Mandarin proficiency exam, saying the full name of organizations like the CBA or WTO 10 and 6 characters long separately is sure to challenge even the most skillful anchors. CCTV sports anchor Sun Zhengping tells Shanghai Daily, “A full Chinese explanation of the English initials must be followed if my tongue slips. It is a little trouble but a necessary one because not every audience member can understand the initials.” Although the government isnt giving any official explanation for the shift, it is believed to have to do with a proposal by Huang Youyi, director of the China International Publishing Group, at Marchs NPC meeting. In his speech, Huang said, “With more and more publications mixing Chinese with English, measures and regulations should be adopted to avoid English invading Chinese. If we dont pay attention and dont take measures to stop the expansion of mixing Chinese with English, Chinese wont be a pure language in a couple of years.”Although China is far from the first country to take measures to protect local languages (the French and Québécois beat them to it by a long way), acronyms are more about saving time than they are about corrupting a language, we would think. Good luck to the CCTV anchors. 56. CCTV anchors have to “do some fast talking” because they can no longer _.A. speak as slowly as they likeB. mix English into ChineseC. use shortened Chinese expressionsD. have so much time for their program57. According the writer, “CBA” is supposed to be replaced with “_” by CCTV anchors.A. 中國男子籃球甲級聯(lián)賽B. 中國籃球協(xié)會全國男女籃球職業(yè)聯(lián)賽C. 中國籃球聯(lián)賽D. The Chinese Basketball Association58. When Sun Zhengping said “if my tongue slips”, he meant “if I _”.A. habitually use an English acronymB. speak a little bit too fastC. make a mistake in pronunciationD. say something impolite or improper59. Whats Huang Youyis proposal?A. Using full English names instead of short forms.B. Translating Chinese terms into proper English.C. Avoiding Chinese words mixing into English.D. Keeping our mother tongue as a pure language.60. Whats the main idea of the last paragraph？A. China has fallen behind in the matter.B. The ban is not necessary.C. Chinese shouldnt be corrupted. D. CCTV anchors will have a hard time./參考答案6、參考答案-56-60 BAADB*結束American NewspapersNo country in the world has more daily newspapers than the USA. There are almost 2000 of them, as compared with 180 in Japan, 164 in Argentina and 111 in Britain. The quality of some American papers is extremely high and their views are quoted(引用) all over the influence all over the country. However the Post and the Times are not national newspapers in the sense that the Times is in Britain or le Monde is in France, since each American city has its own daily newspaper. The best of these present detailed accounts of national and international news, but many tend to limit themselves to state or city news.Like the press in most other countries, American newspapers range from the“sensational”, which feature crime, sex and gossip, to the serious, which focus on factual news and the analysis of world events. But with few exceptions American newspapers try to entertain as well as give information, for they have to compete with the attraction of television.Just as American newspapers satisfy all tastes, so do they also try and appeal to readers of all political persuasions(信念).A few newspapers support extremist groups on the far right and on the far left, but most daily newspapers attempt to attract middle-of-the-road Americans who are essentially moderate(中立的).Many of these papers print columns by well-known journalists of different political and social views, in order to present a balanced picture.As in other countries American newspapers can be either responsible or irresponsible, but it is generally accepted that the American press serves its country well and that it has more than once courageously exposed political scandals(誹謗)or crimes, for instance, the Watergate Affair. The newspaper drew the attention of the public to the horrors of the Vietnam War.63. There are fewer national newspapers in_.A. Britain than in the USE. B. France than in BritainC. the USA than in Britain or France D. France than in the USA or Britain64. Most American newspapers try hard to entertain their readers because_.A. they have to keep up a good relation with themB. they have to compete with televisionC. they have to write about crime, sex and gossipD. they have to give factual news in an interesting way65. Many American newspaper attract readers of different political preference by_.A. supporting extremist groups from time to timeB. inviting middle-of-the-road American to write articles for themC. avoiding carrying articles about extremistsD. printing articles representing different political viewpoint66. The passage is mainly about_.A. the characteristics of American newspapersB. the development of American newspapersC. the function of American newspapersD. the advantages and disadvantages of American newspapers參考答案 63-66 CBDA*結束DWater Pollution and ManWater pollution affects mans health, recreational use of water and sense of beauty.The spread of water-carried disease is of great concern. In highly developed countries in particular, emphasis has changed from concern over bacterial disease to concern over water-carried viral(病毒性的) disease. Viral hepatitis(肝炎), for example, has been found to occur more frequently in cities whose water supplies have comparatively high levels of water impurity. Poisonous chemicals found in streams that are ultimately used for water supplies also create an important public health problem.It is clear that poisonous chemicals must be excluded from water, but more and more chemicals from new pesticides(殺蟲劑), fertilizers, and other new products have been found in water. Since the public health importance of these chemicals is not yet fully known, they are of increasing concern. The chemicals from fertilizers are also finding their way into water supplies from pollution.As mans desire for water-based recreation increases, greater demands are placed on the quality of the water. The water must not only but be attractive in appearance but also meet certain other conditions. Sports such as swimming involve direct contact with water, and so water standards are raised higher.The range of water quality necessary for industrial processes varies greatly with the intended use of the water. The water used in steel mills, foe example, must have a lower chloride(氧化物)level than that accepted for drinking water. Cooling water can often be of comparatively low sanitary(衛(wèi)生的)quality. A large part of the water used in the paper-making industry an be of relatively low quality in some aspects, but must contain little iron and carbon dioxide.67. The chemicals from pesticides and fertilizers found in water are of increasing concern because_.A. their importance to mans health has not been completely knownB. they may cause groundwater pollutionC. they can find their way into water supplies for farmersD. they are important factors contributing to the spread of disease68. According to the passage, water-based recreation demands that_.A. The water contain a higher level of oxygenB. The water contain little iron and carbon dioxideC. The water be attractive and of high qualityD. The water standards be appropriate for all sports69. In the last paragraph, the author mentions all of the follow in its full text?_A. water quality necessary for steel mills B. soft water and hard water for industrialC. cooling water of low sanitary quality D. water standards for people mills70. As the passage is not complete, what do you think would follow in its full text?_A. The relationship between carbon dioxide and people makingB. Water pollutions direct economic effects on man.C. Examples of continued water pollution.D. Mans views on water pollution in terms of beauty values.參考答案67-70 ACBD *結束- 8 -