第12講介詞與介詞短語(yǔ),專題一語(yǔ)法知識(shí),真題診斷,考點(diǎn)突破,專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練,內(nèi)容索引,真題診斷,1.Chinas soft power grows _ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.(2018江蘇，33) A.in line with B.in reply to C.in return for D.in honour of,解析,解析句意為：中國(guó)的軟實(shí)力在增長(zhǎng)，這與中國(guó)在全球范圍內(nèi)得到越來(lái)越多的欣賞和理解是一致的。in line with意為“與一致”，符合語(yǔ)境。in reply to回復(fù)，答復(fù)；in return for作為對(duì)的回報(bào)；in honour of為了向表示尊敬。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2.Bob thought he couldnt go to the party because he had to write a report，but he went _.(2018天津，11) A.at first B.after all C.above all D.at random,解析,解析句意為：鮑勃以為他不能去參加聚會(huì)了，因?yàn)樗脤?xiě)一份報(bào)告，但他最終還是去了。after all意為“畢竟，最終，終究”，符合語(yǔ)境，故選B。at first起初，最初；above all首先，最重要的是；at random任意地，漫無(wú)目的地。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,3.Good morning，Mr Lees office. Good morning.Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afternoon.(2018北京，14) A.for B.onC.in D.at,解析“make an appointment for時(shí)間”表示“約某個(gè)時(shí)間見(jiàn)面或?qū)δ硞€(gè)時(shí)間做出預(yù)約安排”。本句中的make an appointment for next Wednesday afternoon的意思是“約定下周三下午見(jiàn)面”。此題很容易誤選B項(xiàng)，表示具體的某一天的上午、下午、晚上時(shí)，前面的介詞用on，但是B項(xiàng)表示“在某個(gè)時(shí)間做或者發(fā)生某件具體的事情”。句意為： 早上好，這里是李先生的辦公室。早上好。我想約下周三下午(和李先生)見(jiàn)個(gè)面。,解析,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,4.Determining where we are _ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.(2017江蘇，32) A.in contrast to B.in defense of C.in face of D.in relation to,解析,解析句意為：通過(guò)對(duì)比我們周?chē)沫h(huán)境來(lái)確定我們的位置是我們生存的一項(xiàng)重要技能。結(jié)合句意可知，這里用in relation to“相對(duì)某事物而言”。in contrast to與相比；in defense of保衛(wèi)，為辯護(hù)；in face of面對(duì)。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,5.When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California，you will be _ trees that are over 1,000 years old.(2017天津，12) A.among B.against C.behind D.below,解析,解析句意為：當(dāng)你駕車(chē)穿過(guò)加利福尼亞的紅杉林時(shí)，你會(huì)置身在那些樹(shù)齡超過(guò)1 000年的樹(shù)木之間。among在當(dāng)中，為所圍繞，符合語(yǔ)境。against以為背景，襯托；behind在后面；below在下面。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,6.We offer an excellent education to our students._，we expect students to work hard.(2017天津，13) A.On average B.At best C.In return D.After all,解析,解析句意為：我們向?qū)W生提供優(yōu)質(zhì)的教育，同時(shí)也希望學(xué)生努力學(xué)習(xí)。in return作為報(bào)酬，作為回報(bào)，符合語(yǔ)境。on average平均來(lái)看；at best充其量，至多；after all畢竟，終究。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,7.Many people who live along the coast make a living _ fishing industry.(2017北京，35) A.at B.in C.on D.by,解析,解析句意為：很多住在海邊的人們靠漁業(yè)為生。“在行業(yè)”用介詞in。此題容易忽視fishing后的名詞industry，以為是靠捕魚(yú)這種方式而錯(cuò)選D項(xiàng)。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,8.The dictionary is _：many words have been added to the language since it was published.(2016天津，2) A.out of control B.out of date C.out of sight D.out of reach,解析,解析考查“out of名詞”型介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意為：這部詞典過(guò)時(shí)了：自從它出版以來(lái)，這門(mén)語(yǔ)言已增添了許多單詞。out of date過(guò)時(shí)，符合語(yǔ)境。out of control失控；out of sight看不見(jiàn)；out of reach夠不著。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,9.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _ Thomas Edison.(2015江蘇，34) A.thanks to B.regardless of C.aside from D.but for,解析,解析句意為：如果沒(méi)有托馬斯愛(ài)迪生的話，我們現(xiàn)在所受益的許多東西是不會(huì)出現(xiàn)的。thanks to幸虧，由于；regardless of不管，不顧；aside from除了，除以外；but for要不是，如果沒(méi)有的話。由句意知選D項(xiàng)。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,診斷報(bào)告,解題方法 1.漢語(yǔ)對(duì)照法 在高考試題中，考查的介詞有一大部分是表示方位、范圍的，這就涉及到一些表示方位的介詞，這時(shí)可以根據(jù)其漢語(yǔ)意思來(lái)解答此類試題。 2.固定短語(yǔ)法 關(guān)于介詞的固定搭配，在解答試題時(shí)，要注意從句子中找出中心詞匯，也就是這個(gè)詞和選項(xiàng)中的詞能夠構(gòu)成一個(gè)固定搭配，符合句子意思，這樣問(wèn)題就會(huì)很快被解決。如第7題。,3.利用置入法解決介詞短語(yǔ)的相關(guān)題目 關(guān)于介詞短語(yǔ)的相關(guān)題目，一般采用將介詞短語(yǔ)置入句子，并進(jìn)行逐一翻譯的方法。解決此類題目的關(guān)鍵就是平時(shí)多積累相關(guān)知識(shí)，然后讀懂題干的含義。,考點(diǎn)突破,考點(diǎn)1語(yǔ)境詞義辨析,1.The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _ influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.(2016浙江，7) A.on B.in C.at D.about,解析句意為：該項(xiàng)研究表明，我們成長(zhǎng)的文化環(huán)境會(huì)影響我們看我們周?chē)氖澜绲幕具^(guò)程。in the cultures在的文化中，為固定搭配，故選B。,解析,答案,2.Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes _ animals both on land and sea？(2015浙江，3) A.about B.to C.with D.over,解析,解析句意為：你聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)是海陸兩棲動(dòng)物棲息地的樹(shù)嗎？be home to為固定搭配，意為“是的棲息地，是的家園”。,答案,考點(diǎn)歸納,常用介詞如in，on，for，with，against，of，beyond，out of，across等含義較多，應(yīng)全面掌握。 (1)against有“違背，違逆；反對(duì)；對(duì)不利；倚；靠；碰撞；預(yù)防；襯托”之意。 An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the mittee members are against it. 看來(lái)意見(jiàn)達(dá)成一致是不可能了，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)委員會(huì)成員都反對(duì)。,(2)beyond可表示“范圍，限度”，意為“超出，為所不及”。 常用短語(yǔ)：beyond words/description/imagination/belief/ones reach/ones control “無(wú)法用語(yǔ)言形容/無(wú)法用語(yǔ)言描述/難以想象/不能相信/夠不著/管不了”。 To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is beyond expression in words for me. 被選為第一位接受此殊榮的人，我實(shí)在無(wú)法用語(yǔ)言表達(dá)自己的感受。 (3)by可表示“程度或增減的幅度”，還可作“按；以計(jì)；依據(jù)”講。 As far as I know，workers are generally paid by the month. 據(jù)我所知，工人們的工資通常按月來(lái)付。,(4)for有“就而言；從來(lái)看；達(dá)，計(jì)；為”之意。 The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education. 我們大多數(shù)人最關(guān)心的是大眾教育的質(zhì)量問(wèn)題。 (5)off有“在離不遠(yuǎn)處；在沿海的海面”之意。 The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake. 威爾旅館坐落于湖盡頭的主干道附近一個(gè)非常安靜的地方。 (6)across有“橫跨”之意。 It can run across water for a distance of several meters，avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the waters surface with its feet. 它可以在水面上跑數(shù)米的距離，通過(guò)用腳快速拍打水面避免弄濕全身。,(7)on/upon有“剛就；一就”之意，后接名詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式。 Upon hearing the funny story，everyone burst into laughter. 一聽(tīng)到這個(gè)滑稽的故事，大家都哈哈大笑起來(lái)。 (8)over可表示時(shí)間，意為“在期間；直到結(jié)束”。 Im sorry I didnt phone you，but Ive been very busy over the past couple of weeks. 很抱歉我沒(méi)有給您打電話，但是在過(guò)去的兩周里我一直很忙。,考點(diǎn)2介詞短語(yǔ)辨析,1.That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help._，hes reliable.(2016浙江，6) A.Or else B.In short C.By the way D.For one thing,解析,解析句意為：那個(gè)年輕人誠(chéng)實(shí)而且善于合作，總是在你需要幫助的時(shí)候出現(xiàn)。總之，他是可靠的。or else否則，要不然；in short總之，簡(jiǎn)言之；by the way順便說(shuō)一下；for one thing一方面。 根據(jù)句意可知答案為B。,答案,2.This meeting room is a non-smoking area.I would like to warn you _ that if you smoked here you would be fined.(2015湖北，30) A.in advance B.in detail C.in total D.in general,解析,解析句意為：這個(gè)會(huì)議室是“無(wú)煙區(qū)”。我想提前提醒你，如果你在這里吸煙，你將會(huì)被罰款。根據(jù)題干中that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可知，說(shuō)話者是在“提前”告訴對(duì)方這一事實(shí)，所以選擇in advance。in detail詳細(xì)地；in total總共；in general一般來(lái)說(shuō)。,答案,考點(diǎn)歸納,1.幾組常見(jiàn)的介詞短語(yǔ) (1)out of名詞 out of question毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)；out of the question不可能；out of order次序顛倒；out of sight看不見(jiàn)；out of place不合適；out of pity出于同情；out of curiosity出于好奇 (2)in名詞 in power掌權(quán)；in good condition狀態(tài)良好；in despair絕望地；in public/secret公開(kāi)地/秘密地；in tears哭泣；in good/bad repair保養(yǎng)得好/不好；in charge負(fù)責(zé)，掌管；in a hurry 匆忙；in anger生氣；in trouble有困難,(3)in名詞介詞 in case of以防萬(wàn)一；in honor of為了紀(jì)念；in favor of支持；in memory of為了紀(jì)念；in charge of負(fù)責(zé)；in terms of從角度；in need of需要；in praise of表?yè)P(yáng)；in view of鑒于；in return for作為對(duì)的回報(bào)；in response to對(duì)的答復(fù)或反應(yīng) (4)under名詞 under control受控；under attack遭到攻擊；under way在進(jìn)行中；under discussion在討論；under consideration在討論/考慮中,(5)at名詞 at work在工作；at play在玩耍；at dinner在吃飯；at ease輕松，自由自在；at war 在打仗 (6)on名詞 on fire著火；on purpose故意地；on duty值日；on the phone在打電話；on leave在休假；on holiday在度假；on a walk在散步；on the rise/fall上升/下降；on sale出售；on show/exhibition展出；on business 出差；on ones way to在去的路上；on a visit/trip/tour出行,(7)to ones情感名詞 to ones surprise令某人驚訝的是；to ones joy使某人高興的是；to ones disappointment令某人失望的是；to ones delight使某人高興的是 2.注意下列短語(yǔ)中介詞的用法 for nothing不花錢(qián)，免費(fèi) e across the room穿過(guò)房間 feel like doing sth.想要做某事 get paid by the week按周獲得報(bào)酬 be particular about.對(duì)苛求、挑剔,with satisfaction滿意地 be second to none不輸于任何人；不比任何東西差 on ones own獨(dú)自地 in great quantity大量地，大批量 in great demand需求量很大 take a turn for the better正朝更好的方向發(fā)展 keep an eye on照看，照料 with the help of在的幫助下 under the leadership of在的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,the article in the newspaper報(bào)紙上的文章 a bird in the tree樹(shù)上的鳥(niǎo) apples on the tree樹(shù)上的蘋(píng)果 tickets for the concert音樂(lè)會(huì)的票 in the direction of朝著的方向 from the direction of從的方向 set an example to sb. 給某人樹(shù)立榜樣,3.下列短語(yǔ)中to 為介詞 belong to屬于 date back to追溯到 look forward to盼望；期望 be addicted to沉溺于 be accustomed to習(xí)慣于 be/get used to doing.習(xí)慣于做 be devoted to.致力于 stick to堅(jiān)持,專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,1.It is known that theory is based on practice and serves practice. (2018河北區(qū)二模) A.in need B.in return C.in turn D.in place,解析,解析in need在危難中，在危急中；in return作為報(bào)答/回報(bào)；in turn依次，轉(zhuǎn)而，輪流地，反過(guò)來(lái)；in place在合適的位置，適當(dāng)?shù)摹＞湟鉃椋罕娝苤?，理論以?shí)踐為基礎(chǔ)，反過(guò)來(lái)又為實(shí)踐服務(wù)。故選C。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,2.It was warm and nice that evening.I stayed awake until eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself.(2018河?xùn)|區(qū)一模) A.on average B.on purpose C.on business D.on time,解析,解析on average平均起來(lái)；on purpose故意地；on business出差；on time按時(shí)，準(zhǔn)時(shí)。句意為：為了能親自好好地看一看月亮，我特地(故意地)保持清醒到11點(diǎn)。由句意可知答案選B。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,3.Bob is kind，hard-working and intelligent； ，I cant speak too highly of him.(2018河北區(qū)一模) A.as a result B.in a word C.by the way D.on the contrary,解析,解析as a result結(jié)果，因此；in a word總之，一句話；by the way順便說(shuō)一句；on the contrary(與此)相反，正相反。句意為：鮑伯是一個(gè)善良、勤奮并且聰明的人；總之，我再怎么高地評(píng)價(jià)他都不為過(guò)。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,4.It seems a little ugly to me. ，I think its rather beautiful.(2017紅橋區(qū)二模) A.In other words B.On the other hand C.On the contrary D.In a nutshell,解析,解析句意為：這對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)有點(diǎn)難看。恰恰相反，我覺(jué)得它相當(dāng)漂亮。on the contrary(與此)相反，正相反，符合句意。in other words換句話說(shuō)；on the other hand另一方面；in a nutshell簡(jiǎn)而言之。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,5.Simply raise your hand，and a taxi appears . (2017天津十二所重點(diǎn)中學(xué)二模) A.at no time B.at one time C.in no time D.for the time being,解析,解析句意為：只要你招招手，出租車(chē)就會(huì)立即出現(xiàn)。in no time馬上，立即，符合句意。at no time從未；at one time曾經(jīng)，一度；for the time being暫時(shí)。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,6.Your attitude life determines how happy or unhappy you are. (2017北京海淀區(qū)一模) A.towards B.with C.on D.for,解析,解析句意為：你對(duì)生活的態(tài)度決定你有多快樂(lè)或不快樂(lè)。attitude to/towards對(duì)的態(tài)度。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,7.With the development of economy，our ine has increased _ 10% in less than a year.(2017北京海淀區(qū)二模) A.for B.by C.on D.at,解析,解析句意為：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，我們的收入在不到一年的時(shí)間里增長(zhǎng)了10%。by表示數(shù)量的增減程度，符合句意。for為了；on在某方面；at(用于速度、比率等)以，達(dá)。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,8.The debate here will be limited in two main respects， the time available.(2017和平區(qū)一模) A.in view of B.in return for C.in addition to D.in parison with,解析,解析句意為：鑒于可用的時(shí)間，這里的辯論將限定在兩個(gè)主要方面。in view of鑒于，由于，符合句意。in return for作為對(duì)的回報(bào)；in addition to除之外(還有)；in parison with與相比較。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,9.Hopefully，the new method will be effective，helping students to get their career plans . A.at hand B.at will C.on trial D.on track,解析,解析句意為：希望這種新方法能有效地幫助學(xué)生們實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃。on track步入正軌，做法對(duì)頭，符合句意。at hand在手邊，在附近；at will任意，隨意；on trial受審，在試驗(yàn)/測(cè)試中。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,10.Bless your heart，I know you didnt break the vase .Dont cry！ (2017南開(kāi)區(qū)一模) A.on purpose B.by accident C.on business D.by mistake,解析,解析on purpose故意地；by accident偶然地；on business出差；by mistake弄錯(cuò)。由語(yǔ)境“我知道你不是故意的”知A項(xiàng)正確。,答案,