九、詞句猜測(cè)代詞指代題,專題三第二節(jié)分類突破,真題感悟,名師點(diǎn)津,內(nèi)容索引,隨堂限時(shí)練,真題感悟,(2017全國，B) I first met Paul Newman in 1968，when George Roy Hill，the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid，introduced us in New York City.When the studio didnt want me for the filmit wanted somebody as well known as Paulhe stood up for me.I dont know how many people would have done that；they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.,The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference，we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.We were respectful of craft(技藝) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors：humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each otherbut always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the screen.,語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者和一位著名演員保羅紐曼之間的友誼。,We shared the belief that if youre fortunate enough to have success，you should put something backhe with his Newmans Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill，and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.Paul and I didnt see each other all that regularly，but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events. I last saw him a few months ago.Hed been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was，and we didnt talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didnt need a lot of words.,語篇解讀,24.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first? A.Paul Newman wanted it. B.The studio powers didnt like his agent. C.He wasnt famous enough. D.The director remended someone else.,解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“When the studio didnt want me for the filmit wanted somebody as well known as Paulhe stood up for me.”可知，電影公司想要像保羅那樣出名的人，由此可以判斷，作者不夠出名，故選C項(xiàng)。,答案,解析,25.Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship? A.They were of the same age. B.They worked in the same theater. C.They were both good actors. D.They had similar characteristics.,解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors：humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each otherbut always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the screen.”可知，作者與保羅在熒幕前和熒幕后都很幽默、有進(jìn)取心，并互開對(duì)方的玩笑，即他們兩人有相似的性格，故選D項(xiàng)。,答案,解析,26.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A.Their belief. B.Their care for children. C.Their success. D.Their support for each other.,解析代詞指代題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“We shared the belief that.”以及下面對(duì)belief的具體解釋可知，畫線處是指共同擁有這種“信念”使他們兩人連在一起，故選A項(xiàng)。,答案,解析,27.What is the authors purpose in writing the text? A.To show his love of films. B.To remember a friend. C.To introduce a new movie. D.To share his acting experience.,解析寫作意圖題。本文是按照時(shí)間順序?qū)懙?，從作者與保羅的最初相見，到友誼慢慢加深，以及幾個(gè)月前去看望生病的保羅，由此可知作者寫此文的目的是回憶一位朋友，故選B項(xiàng)。,答案,解析,名師點(diǎn)津,一、題型解讀 代詞指代題常出現(xiàn)在人物或事物變換多，動(dòng)作轉(zhuǎn)換頻繁的語境中，考生應(yīng)根據(jù)語境判斷人稱代詞、不定代詞和指示代詞。有時(shí)也會(huì)考查定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的指代內(nèi)容。設(shè)問形式常有： (1)What does the underlined word “this/it/them/which.” refer to? (2)The underlined part “it/that/they/which.” in Paragraph.refers to “ ”.,二、解題技巧“就近原則”判指代 第一步：明確代詞所指代內(nèi)容的位置 代詞永遠(yuǎn)出現(xiàn)在原詞之后，故代詞所指代的內(nèi)容在這一句的前面一句中，或者前幾句中。 第二步：熟悉代詞的含義 (1)it/this/that可指代一件事。 (2)it/he/them/they/one/those指上文提到的人或物。 (3)which/that/who等關(guān)系代詞指代其所修飾的先行詞，非限制性定語從句中which可指代前面整句話的內(nèi)容。,第三步：替換核實(shí)再比較 (1)用所找的指代內(nèi)容替換畫線代詞，核實(shí)句意是否合理，前后內(nèi)容是否一致。 (2)比較所代部分與選項(xiàng)，確定意思最接近的選項(xiàng)。 例如：【真題感悟】中第26題，sharing that與前面的shared the belief呼應(yīng)，由此可推知，擁有同樣的信念使兩人成了朋友；the belief替換that后，經(jīng)核實(shí)意義正確，故選A項(xiàng)。,隨堂限時(shí)練,A (2018和平區(qū)三模) Holidays are really important.Many of us will have childhood memories of summer holidays where we were taken away from home to experience new environments and learn in different ways. But holidays are expensive and，for those on low wages or living on benefits，they are often unobtainable.Even the cheapest holidays require travel and other additional costs that are difficult for many families to meet.,For working parents，the long summer break can be a very difficult problem for childcare.When an annual leave allowance amounts to only five weeks，there is a need to spread this across the year.Couples can find themselves taking leave in turn in order to care for children who are on holiday.For some，this makes even an affordable family holiday difficult.,The schools that I visit in Nottingham are full of experienced staff mitted to giving our children a caring and inspiring learning environment.The number of children receiving free school meals is quite large in Nottingham and many schools have breakfast clubs to make sure that children get a healthy start to the day.Most schools undertake programs of group or individual educational support.Schools also have an important role in safe guarding childrens welfare through the ongoing touch and support with their pupils.During the long summer holidays，much of this is missed.,While teachers are holidaying in the UK，many of their pupils spend the whole six weeks on the street where they live.The lack of free school meals for six weeks can result in pressure on a family budget and an inability to afford the inspiring experiences that help children to continue their learning. In setting out its plans for a five-term year，Nottingham City Council(委員會(huì)) is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down to four and a half weeks，with a more balanced five terms of roughly eight weeks，each followed by a two-week break.We believe this will give real “down time” for school staff and pupils alike but will be short enough not to cause a real break in learning.,We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff，particularly whose own children are educated in other authorities.However，this must be weighed against the benefits for city children for whom we all have the greatest duty of care.,1.The passage is probably written by . A.an experienced teacherB.a working parent C.an inspired studentD.a city council member,解析推理判斷題。從文章倒數(shù)第二段“.Nottingham City Council(委員會(huì)) is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down to four and a half weeks，with a more balanced five terms of roughly eight weeks.”和“We believe this will give real down time for school staff and pupils alike but will be short enough not to cause a real break in learning.”以及最后一段中“We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff.”可知，說話者的口氣“我們相信”“我們承認(rèn)”，由此推知作者是城市委員會(huì)的一員。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析代詞指代題。根據(jù)畫線后一詞unobtainable“無法得到的”詞義以及前面提到的“holidays are expensive(假期是昂貴的)”可知，代詞they指代前文的holidays，意為“對(duì)于一些低收入家庭或靠救濟(jì)而過活的家庭來說，假期是無法得到的”。,2.The underlined word “they” in the second paragraph refers to . A.environments B.holidays C.wages D.benefits,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“.Nottingham City Council(委員會(huì)) is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down to four and a half weeks.”可知，假期被縮短到4.5周。,3.It is suggested in the passage that the summer break be reduced to . A.2 weeks B.4.5 weeks C.5 weeks D.6 weeks,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句以及倒數(shù)第二段最后一句可知，學(xué)校將致力于為學(xué)生提供一個(gè)有愛的、激勵(lì)的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境，而這種縮短假期的方案將使教職工和學(xué)生得到一個(gè)真正的休整時(shí)間且不影響學(xué)習(xí)。也就是說，通過縮短假期可以讓大家在這樣一個(gè)有愛的、激勵(lì)的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境中受益更多。,4.The plans for a shorter summer holiday will help students . A.obtain the cheapest holidays without additional costs B.get a chance to spend six weeks a term with teachers in school C.benefit more from the caring and inspiring learning environment D.have more school days to receive free school meals,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff.”可知，一些學(xué)校員工將會(huì)反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃。,5.It can be inferred from the passage that . A.working parents can enjoy a five-week break to care for their children B.the suggested plans for a five-term school year can hardly be carried out C.the long summer holiday gives teachers and students real “down time” D.some school staff will say “No” to the plans for a shorter summer holiday,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,B If you work hard to have a positive attitude，you might be surprised by how much better you feel about yourself and life in general.When you turn away from the negative and focus on the positive，you open your mind to appreciate the good things around you that might have otherwise gone unnoticed. Having a positive attitude can also reduce your stress level.The less stress you feel，the better you will feel overall.So if youve been feeling tired，put on a happy face and you just might feel better soon.,But how can you have a positive attitude when life is hard？Its more than just turning lifes lemons into lemonade.Having a positive attitude can take some hard work.But its worth it.Here are some ways you can develop and maintain a positive attitude even in the midst of lifes troubles. A positive attitude doesnt mean ignoring lifes troubles.It just means being an optimist and looking for the good in things，rather than being a pessimist and concentrating on the bad in things.Sometimes your perspective can make all the difference in the world.,語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。積極樂觀的心態(tài)能夠使你保持良好的精神面貌，文章介紹了保持積極樂觀的意義及若干方法，其中包括尋找事情中好的一面，微笑和鍛煉。,Smile and laugh！Yes，it can be that simple.Learn to love life，no matter whats going on.Smile at others and they will smile back at you.Have fun and find the humor in life.Sometimes laughter really is the best medicine. Exercise！Get off the couch and get moving.Being active and healthy can give you a pletely different outlook on life.When you feel better physically，you often naturally feel better mentally，too.,語篇解讀,解析指代猜測(cè)題。畫線詞所在句句意為：當(dāng)你把注意力從消極的事情轉(zhuǎn)移到積極的事情上時(shí)，你就會(huì)敞開心扉去欣賞你周圍原本未注意到的美好事物。此處that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞the good things。,6.The underlined word “that” in Paragraph 1 probably refers to . A.the positive feelingsB.the good things C.the surprising resultsD.the importance of life,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，保持積極樂觀的態(tài)度能控制壓力水平。故選D。,7.What probably helps to keep your stress level proper? A.Working hard at your lessons. B.Setting up a practical goal. C.Feeling proud of yourself. D.Keeping yourself positive.,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,8.We can learn from the third paragraph that . A.it is impossible to keep positive B.keeping positive costs a lot of money C.there are tips for keeping yourself positive D.there are many troubles in daily life,解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Here are some ways you can develop and maintain a positive attitude even in the midst of lifes troubles.”可知，有一些保持積極樂觀的方法。故選C。,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,9.According to the text，you can keep positive by . a.avoiding all troublesb.looking for the good in things c.being friendly to othersd.being a pessimist e.depending on medicinef.staying healthy A.a，d，e B.b，c，f C.c，d，e D.a，b，f,解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章后三段講述了保持積極樂觀的若干方法，其中包括尋找事情中好的一面、對(duì)其他人友好和保持健康，故B項(xiàng)為正確答案。,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,10.The text is mainly to tell us . A.how to keep positive B.the right attitude towards life C.the importance of health D.ways of dealing with stress,解析主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了如何保持積極樂觀。故選A。,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,