一、記敘文,專題二第二節(jié)分類突破,真題感悟,名師點津,內(nèi)容索引,隨堂限時練,真題感悟,(2018全國) During my second year at the city college，I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course，called Thinking Chess，for three credits.I 1 the idea of taking the class because，after all，who doesnt want to 2 a few dollars？More than that，Id always wanted to learn chess.And，even if I werent 3 enough about free credits，news about our 4 was appealing enough to me.He was an international grandmaster，which 5 I would be learning from one of the games 6 .I could hardly wait to 7 him.,Maurice Ashley was kind and smart，a former graduate returning to teach，and this 8 was no game for him；he meant business.In his introduction，he made it 9 that our credits would be hard-earned.In order to 10 the class，among other criteria，we had to write a paper on how we plan to 11 what we would learn in class to our future professions and， 12 ，to our lives.I managed to get an A in that 13 and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 14 .,Ten years after my chess class with Ashley，Im still putting to use what he 15 me：“The absolute most important 16 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 17 .On every single move you have to 18 a situation，process what your opponent(對手) is doing and 19 the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my 20 as a journalist.,語篇解讀,語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者通過學習國際象棋學會了如何正確地做決定。,1.A.put forward B.jumped at C.tried out D.turned down,解析根據(jù)上文中的“offering a free course，called Thinking Chess，for three credits”以及下文中的“Id always wanted to learn chess”可知，參加國際象棋課程是免費的并且可以獲得三個學分，而且“我”一直想學國際象棋，由此可知，“我”迫不及待地接受(jump at)了這個主意。put forward提出；try out試驗；turn down拒絕。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,2.A.waste B.earn C.save D.pay,解析聯(lián)系上文中的“a free course”可知，這是免費的課程，因此可以節(jié)省(save)幾美元。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,3.A.excited B.worried C.moved D.tired,解析聯(lián)系下文中的“appealing enough to me”可知，即使免費獲得學分這件事不足以讓“我”興奮(excited)，也有其他事情對“我”有足夠的吸引力。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,4.A.title Bpetitor C.textbook D.instructor,解析聯(lián)系下文中的“He was an international grandmaster(他是一位國際象棋大師)”可知，國際象棋課程的導師(instructor)足以吸引“我”。title標題；petitor對手；textbook課本。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,5.A.urged B.demanded C.held D.meant,解析國際象棋課程的導師是國際象棋大師，這就意味著(mean)“我”將跟隨下國際象棋最好的人之一學習。urge強烈要求；demand(堅決)要求；hold持有。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,6.A.fastest B.easiest C.best D.rarest,解析聯(lián)系上文中的“international grandmaster”可知，他是下國際象棋最好的(best)人之一。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,7.A.interview B.meet C.challenge D.beat,解析聯(lián)系上文可知，國際象棋課程的導師吸引著“我”，所以“我”迫不及待地想見到(meet)他。interview采訪，面試；challenge挑戰(zhàn)；beat擊敗。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,8.A.chance B.qualification C.honor D.job,解析聯(lián)系空后的“was no game for him；he meant business”可知，這項工作(job)對他而言不是游戲，而是正經(jīng)職業(yè)。chance機會；qualification資格；honor榮譽。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,9.A.real B.perfect C.clear D.possible,解析聯(lián)系空后的“that our credits would be hard-earned”可知，他向我們明確表示(make it clear that)這門課程的學分很難獲得。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,10.A.attend B.pass C.skip D.observe,解析由上文中的“our credits would be hard-earned”及下文中的“among other criteria，we had to write a paper”可知，此處指為了通過(pass)這門課程，除了其他標準，“我們”還要寫一篇論文。attend參加；skip跳過；observe觀察。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,11.A.add B.expose C.apply Dpare,解析聯(lián)系空后的“to our future professions”可知，“我們”的論文是關于“我們”打算如何將所學的東西應用(apply)到未來的職業(yè)中的。apply.to.將應用到，符合語境。add.to.向添加；expose.to.使暴露在；pare.to.把比作。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12.A.eventually B.naturally C.directly D.normally,解析聯(lián)系空后的“to our lives”可知，最終(eventually)要應用到“我們”的生活中。naturally自然地；directly直接地；normally正常地。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,13.A.game B.presentation C.course D.experiment,解析聯(lián)系空前的“I managed to get an A”可知，“我”在國際象棋課程(course)上獲得了A。game游戲；presentation報告；experiment實驗。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,14.A.criterion B.classroom C.department D.situation,解析聯(lián)系空前的“l(fā)ife lessons that have served me well”可知，“我”從中學到了課堂(classroom)之外的生活課程。criterion標準；department部門；situation狀況。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,15.A.taught B.wrote C.questioned D.promised,解析分析語境可知，引號中的內(nèi)容是導師說的話，也就是他教(teach)“我”的東西。write寫；question詢問；promise答應。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,16.A.fact B.step C.manner D.skill,解析聯(lián)系空后的“you learn when you play chess is how to make good ”可知，這里是指學到的最重要的技能(skill)。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,17.A.grades B.decisions C.impressions Dments,解析聯(lián)系下文中的“the best move from among all your options”可知，這里指做出正確的決定(decision)。grade分數(shù)；impression印象；ment評論。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,18.A.analyze B.describe C.rebuild D.control,解析聯(lián)系空后的“a situation，process what your opponent(對手) is doing”可知，這里指分析(analyze)形勢。describe描述；rebuild重建；control控制。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,19.A.announce B.signal C.block D.evaluate,解析聯(lián)系空后的“the best move from among all your options”可知，要從你所有的選擇中評估(evaluate)出最好的一步。announce宣布；signal示意；block堵住。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,20.A.role B.desire C.concern D.behavior,解析聯(lián)系空后的“as a journalist”可知，今天這些話對于“我”作為記者的角色(role)仍然是真實有用的。desire渴望；concern擔心；behavior舉止。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,名師點津,一、題型解讀 記敘文完形填空可分為敘事和記人兩種形式，它們有幾個顯著的特點：以一般過去時為主，其他時態(tài)為輔；大量使用動詞；適當出現(xiàn)直接引語。 二、解題技巧 1.抓住文章中心。 中心思想是文章的靈魂和統(tǒng)帥，其他的寫作要素都緊緊圍繞這一中心進行。 抓住中心有助于明確做題方向，提高針對性。,2.明確敘述角度。 通常記敘文有兩大敘述角度：第一人物和第三人稱。 第一人稱就是從“自我參與”的角度進行敘述，考生可從字里行間讀出作者對人物、事件或景色的情感態(tài)度。 第三人稱就是從“旁觀者”的角度客觀地記人、敘事、狀物。 在做題時考生可采用“角色滲透法”，即假設自己就是文中的角色會有什么感受、做出怎樣的選擇等，這樣有助于走進作者的思維，深入理解文章的含義。 3.理清寫作順序。 根據(jù)寫作的需要作者往往采用順敘、倒敘或插敘等方法進行敘述。 理清這些線索有助于了解事情發(fā)展的來龍去脈，從而更迅速、準確地理解文意。,4.明確寫作要素。 包括事情發(fā)生的時間(when)、地點(where)、事件的內(nèi)容(what)、人物(who)、原因(why)等。 弄清了這些要素也就基本上抓住了文章的主體，理解了整篇文章。 5.洞悉寫作目的。 同學們要知道就事論事絕不是記敘文的最終目的，而最終目的是借助敘事來闡明一個道理，給人以啟迪或教益。 因此，只有在分析具體情節(jié)的基礎上認真體會文字背后的東西，才能洞悉作者的寫作目的，抓住文章的主題。,隨堂限時練,(2018河西區(qū)三模) “This Friday well have the yearly Egg Drop Challenge，” said our science teacher，Mr Smith.“You can work alone or with a partner.” My friend，Jenny，and I smiled at each other.We always worked on projects 1 . The 2 of the challenge was simpleto build a protective container to keep an egg from breaking when 3 the stadium wall. I made my sandwich that afternoon while waiting for Jenny. 4 the butter-cream gave me an idea.,“I have a brilliant design for our 5 container！” I said when Jenny arrived.“We can 6 the egg with some butter-cream.” “Why not put the egg in a basket with a parachute(降落傘) 7 ？” Jenny rolled her eyes.“The parachute is better than that stupid idea.” I couldnt believe it.Of course wed had our little 8 in the past，but shed never called any of my ideas “ 9 ” before. “Then Ill build mine and you build yours！” 10 words had been out，our friendship was challenged.,When Friday finally arrived，I had to 11 Jennys Egg Force One looked pretty good. 12 ，my Egg-cellent Egg Cream didnt look quite scientific.We kids carried our containers up three stadium steps and dropped them over the side wall.Those whose eggs broke were out；those whose eggs survived 13 three more steps and dropped them again.This would go on till the last egg broke. After four rounds，only Jenny and I were 14 .I let go of my box.I heard someone say “ew” after seconds.Had my egg broken? I raced down the 15 .The sidewalk was dotted with egg shells(蛋殼) from those 16 drops.Finally I found my little Egg-cellent Egg Cream.,“That looks like egg drop soup，Laura，” Jenny said.She was holding her Egg Force One.My 17 raced.Had she won? I looked at her basket. 18 . “My egg bounced 19 ，” she explained，pointing to a broken shell. “A tie(平局)，” Mr Smith said. Jenny looked at me，and her glare 20 .I laughed.She smiled.,1.A.patiently B.silently C.together D.alone,解析根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，可以單人和兩人合作參賽，通過“friend”“smile”以及后文得知，她們總是一起完成項目。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,2.A.function B.goal C.reason D.result,解析根據(jù)“The of the challenge was simpleto build a protective container to keep an egg from breaking”可知，制作一個防護器皿來保護雞蛋在從運動場墻壁上掉下來的時候不被打碎是挑戰(zhàn)的目標。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,3.A.rolled down B.pushed against C.thrown at D.dropped over,解析參考上題解析。roll down滾下；push against推；throw at向扔去。后文提到drop，說明是自然落下。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,4.A.Spreading B.Boiling C.Baking D.Holding,解析給三明治涂黃油給了我啟發(fā)。spread在這里是“涂抹”的意思。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,5.A.butter B.sandwich C.cream D.egg,解析對于我們的雞蛋保護器皿，我有個不錯的想法。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,6.A.protect B.replace C.carry D.mix,解析protect sth. with sth. 用某物保護某物，此處指用黃油保護雞蛋。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,7.A.followed B.covered C.attached D.supported,解析此處指降落傘被系在籃子上。attach系上；follow跟隨；cover覆蓋；support支撐。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,8.A.ideas B.fights C.worries D.challenges,解析根據(jù)“Of course wed had our little in the past”可知，我們之間有過爭吵。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,9.A.wrong B.stupid C.brilliant D.scientific,解析根據(jù)上文中的“The parachute is better than that stupid idea.”可知，我不敢相信她所說的，當然我們之間有過爭吵，但我的朋友也從來沒有說過我的想法愚蠢。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,10.A.Since B.While C.But D.And,解析根據(jù)上文中的“Then Ill build mine and you build yours！”可知，既然話已經(jīng)說出了口，我們的友誼面臨挑戰(zhàn)。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,11.A.explain B.deny C.admit D.prove,解析根據(jù)后面的“l(fā)ooked pretty good”可知，我不得不承認詹妮的道具很不錯。admit承認。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12.A.Therefore B.Anyway C.Besides D.Thus,解析不管怎么說(anyway)，我的道具不怎么科學。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,13.A.paced down B.turned around C.walked up D.went back,解析雞蛋沒被打碎的選手將再上(walk up)三個階梯然后再讓雞蛋掉下來，直到最后一個雞蛋被摔碎。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,14.A.left B.wanted C.chosen D.discovered,解析根據(jù)后文可知，經(jīng)過四輪之后，只有我和詹妮留下來(leave)了。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,15.A.steps B.way C.wall D.sidewalk,解析根據(jù)前文可知，我跑下臺階(step)去看我的雞蛋是否被摔碎。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,16.A.intended B.unexpected C.failed D.desired,解析句意為：人行道上散布著因失敗而跌落下來摔碎的蛋殼。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,17.A.eyes B.hands C.feet D.heart,解析因為看到朋友詹妮得意洋洋，我懷疑她是不是贏了，所以心跳加速。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,18.A.Lost B.Dirty C.Broken D.Empty,解析根據(jù)后面“她指了指破碎的蛋殼”可知，她的籃子是空的(empty)。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,19.A.around B.out C.in D.down,解析bounce out跳出，為固定短語。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,20.A.returned B.remained C.increased D.softened,解析根據(jù)文章最后“I laughed.She smiled.”可知，她的目光變得柔和(soften)起來。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,