第二章 詞 類,第二節(jié) 冠 詞,知識梳理,一、冠詞的概念 冠詞是一種虛詞，本身沒有詞義，也不能單獨(dú)使用，要用在名詞或形容詞的前面。 二、冠詞的分類,三、冠詞的用法 1. 不定冠詞的用法 (1)與數(shù)詞one同源，表示“一個(gè)”，泛指某人或某物，但語氣不如one 強(qiáng)烈。 如：There is a lamp on the desk. (2)代表一類人或物。 如：A driver is the one who drives. An elephant is the biggest animal on the land.,(3)不定冠詞a和an的選用 大部分單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前用a。如：a bag， a computer 以元音字母a，e，i，o開頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，通常在其前面用an。 如：an apple， an egg， an ice-cream， an orange 以元音字母u 開頭的單詞，有兩種情況： a. 當(dāng)該字母的發(fā)音是元音/ /時(shí)，前面用an。如：an umbrella， an uncle b. 當(dāng)該字母的發(fā)音是輔音/ju /時(shí)，前面用a。如：a university student， a unit 有的單詞不是以元音字母開頭，但是其第一個(gè)音素是元音音素的，也要用an。 如：an hour， an FM radio 【注】判斷一個(gè)單詞是否以元音開頭，要根據(jù)單詞音標(biāo)的第一個(gè)因素。,2. 定冠詞的用法 定冠詞the在句中或是文中可理解為“this”或“that”， 在復(fù)數(shù)句子中理解為 “these” 或“those”。有“這(那)個(gè)(些)”的意思，但語氣較弱，要和名詞連用來表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或物。 (1)特指雙方都明白的人或物。如：Look at the picture on the wall. (2)指上文已提到過的人或物。如：There is a boy at table. The boys name is Mike. (3)指世上獨(dú)一無二的事物。如：the sun， the moon， the earth， the sky (4)與單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物。如：the dollar， the fox,(5)與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用，指整個(gè)群體。 如：They are the students of Class One. 他們是一班的學(xué)生。(指全體學(xué)生) They are students of Class One. 他們是一班的學(xué)生。(指部分學(xué)生) (6)與形容詞連用，表示一類人。如：the rich， the poor (7)用在序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級前。 如：on the second floor，the 12th birthday party，the tallest boy，the shortest player (8)用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的組織、機(jī)構(gòu)等專有名詞前。 如：the Peoples Republic of China， the United States of America,(9)用在表示樂器的名詞之前。如：play the piano， play the violin， play the pipa (10)用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前，表示一家人。如：the Greens， the Wangs (11)用在慣用語中。如：in the day， in the morning， the day after tomorrow 3. 零冠詞的用法 (1)國名、人名前通常不用定冠詞。 如：China is a great country. Bingo is his name. (2)在季節(jié)、月份、日期、星期等表示時(shí)間的名詞之前，不用冠詞。 如：Spring is the first season of the year. Sunday is the first day of the week.,(3)在三餐之前，不用冠詞。如：have breakfast， have lunch， have dinner / supper (4)抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí)，通常不用冠詞。如：Failure is the mother of success. (5)在球類名詞之前，不用冠詞。如：play basketball， play football， play badminton (6)在學(xué)科、語言名詞之前， 不用冠詞。如： have Chinese class， speak English (7)當(dāng)by與交通工具連用，表示一種方式時(shí)，名詞之前不用冠詞。如：by bus， by train (8)當(dāng)名詞前面有this， that， my， his， every， some，名詞所有格等修飾詞時(shí)，不用冠詞。 如：This is my schoolbag. Amys doll is pink.,(9)有些個(gè)體名詞，如：school， hospital等，當(dāng)它們直接置于介詞后時(shí)，表示該名詞的深層含義；若名詞前加定冠詞the，則表示一般含義。如：,考點(diǎn)精析,考點(diǎn) 考查冠詞的用法 【例1】用a，an， the 或 / 填空。 1. She has apple and pear. 2. I can speak Chinese and English well. 3. Mike can play guitar and play football. 4. After I hadquick breakfast， I hurried to school.,解析：此類題考查冠詞在句子中的使用。要注意掌握定冠詞、不定冠詞和零冠詞的不同用法。 第1小題關(guān)鍵看apple 和pear 兩個(gè)單詞的第一個(gè)字母的發(fā)音是元音還是輔音；第2小題語言名詞前用零冠詞；第3小題樂器名詞前用定冠詞，球類名詞前用零冠詞；第4小題注意三餐名稱前若有形容詞，則可在形容詞前加不定冠詞 a。 答案：1. an；a2. /；/3. the；/4. a,舉一反三 1. 用 a 或 an 填空。 (1) eye (2) ear (3) mouth (4) old man (5) honest boy (6) useful book 2. 用正確的冠詞填空。 (1)We study 8 hours day. (2)He is tallest student in our class. (3)I had breakfast at 7：00 this morning. (4)I often have big dinner on my birthday.,an,a,an,an,an,a,a,the,a,/,【例2】單項(xiàng)填空。 ()Mr Black will go to Beijing . A. by air B. by a plane C. take a plane 解析：本題考查冠詞的使用和短語的固定搭配。by 與交通工具連用時(shí)，用零冠詞，B選項(xiàng)本身有錯(cuò)，不可選；take a plane 本身沒有錯(cuò)，但是動詞短語用在句子此處不合適。by air 與by plane， by airplane， by aeroplane 同義，均意為“乘飛機(jī)”。 答案：A,舉一反三 3. 在下列句子中的橫線處填上適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~或/。 (1) Lets go out for walk. (2) Did you have big dinner last night？ (3) Washington is capital of USA. 4. 單項(xiàng)填空。 ( ) woman over there is popular teacher in our school. A. A； theB. The； aC. The； the,the,a,a,B,過關(guān)檢測,一、用不定冠詞a或an 填空。 1. _ egg2. _ boy 3. _ student4. _ umbrella 5. _ university6. _ hour 7. _ old house8. _ young man 9. _ English book 二、用a，an，the或 / 填空,補(bǔ)全句子。 1. I have _English book. _ book is very interesting. 2. That is _ orange. Its _ big orange.,an,a,a,an,a,an,an,an,an,The,an,a,a,3. Today is _ Sunday. Its _ first day of a week. 4. _ sun is much bigger than _ moon. 5. Beijing is the capital(首都) of _ China. 6. The sun comes out in _ morning and sets down in _ evening. 7. What _ interesting film it is!I like _ film very much. 8. Lets go for _ walk, shall we? 9. Which is _ biggest, _ sun, _ moon, or _ earth? 10. I have two dogs. _ black one is young and _ yellow one is old.,/,the,The,the,/,the,the,an,a,the,the,the,the,The,the,the,三、單項(xiàng)填空。 ()1. Chen Jie is Chinese girl. A. aB. anC. theD. / ()2. Mike is from America. A. aB. anC. theD. / ()3. This is useful book. A. aB. anC. theD. / ()4. He is artist. A. aB. anC. theD. / ()5. This is my pet dog. A. aB. anC. theD. /,A,D,A,B,D,()6. Ann likes playing piano very much. A. aB. anC. theD. / ()7. Mrs Black often goes to school to see her son John. A. aB. anC. theD. / ()8. This is map of world. A. a; aB. the; theC. a; theD. the; a () 9. Our classroom is on second floor. Lets go to classroom. A. a; aB. the; theC. a; theD. the; a ()10. Tokyo is capital of Japan. A. a; aB. the; theC. a; theD. the; /,C,C,C,B,D,