第二章 詞 類,第四節(jié) 代 詞,知識梳理,一、代詞的分類 代詞是用來代替名詞的一種詞類，大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞或形容詞的功能。英語中的代詞通常分為人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、疑問代詞、相互代詞、關(guān)系代詞、連接代詞九類。對于前六類代詞，小學(xué)生應(yīng)較好地掌握。,二、人稱代詞 1. 人稱代詞的構(gòu)成,2. 人稱代詞的用法 (1)人稱代詞的主格:在句子中作主語，也就是該句所描述的狀態(tài)的呈現(xiàn)者或動作的執(zhí)行者。在陳述句中，它位于句子的最前面。 如：I am in the classroom. She plays the violin very well. They worked in the factory last year. (2)人稱代詞it：在英語中，it有許多不同的用法，其中一種用法是用作代詞，指代前面已經(jīng)提到過的人、事或物。 如： Wheres your car? Its in the garage（車庫）. Who is that? Its me. Whats the weather like in winter in Beijing? Its snowy and cold.,(3)人稱代詞的賓格：在句子中作賓語，位于動詞或介詞之后，是動作的承受者。 如：Mr Li teaches us English. The fish in the fridge is for me. (4)人稱代詞并列出現(xiàn)的排列順序：當(dāng)幾個人稱代詞并列出現(xiàn)的時候，其排列順序與中文的不同。 單數(shù)人稱代詞并列作主語或賓語時，其順序?yàn)椋旱诙朔Q、第三人稱、第一人稱。 如：You and I can come into the hall now. My brother and I are going to the cinema this evening. You and Amy were there at that time. You, Mike and I rowed a boat on the lake last summer. The cake is for you and me.,復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞并列作主語或賓語時，其順序?yàn)椋旱谝蝗朔Q、第二人稱、第三人稱。 如：We and you are going to plant trees in the nature park. You and they climbed the highest mountain two years ago.,三、物主代詞 1. 物主代詞的構(gòu)成,2. 物主代詞的用法 (1)形容詞性物主代詞放在名詞之前，用來修飾名詞，這一點(diǎn)與形容詞有相似之處，都不能單獨(dú)使用。 如：This is my room. His cousin is in America now. (2)名詞性物主代詞可以像名詞一樣單獨(dú)使用，其作用相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”。 如：This room is mine.(mine=my room) His hobby is playing computer games. Its the same as hers. (hers=her hobby),四、反身代詞 1. 反身代詞的構(gòu)成,【注】反身代詞的構(gòu)成說明： 第一、二人稱的單數(shù)形式在形容詞性物主代詞之后加self, 復(fù)數(shù)形式在形容詞性物主代詞后加selves；第三人稱在賓格代詞后加self（單數(shù)形式）或selves（復(fù)數(shù)形式）。,2. 反身代詞的用法 (1)反身代詞常用來加強(qiáng)語氣。 如：The king went to see the girl himself. I can do it by myself. (2)反身代詞也可以用在動詞之后。 如： David teaches himself Chinese. She will be herself again in no time.,五、指示代詞 1. 指示代詞的概念 指示代詞表示“這個”“那個”“這些”“那些”等含義。指示代詞有this/that/these/those等。this和that用于指代名詞單數(shù)形式；these 和those 用于指代名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。 this 和these用于指代空間上較近的事物；that 和 those 用于指代空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物。 如：This is my book. That book over there is yours. These are dogs. Those in the tree are cats.,2. 指示代詞的用法 (1)指示代詞兼具形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的特點(diǎn)，既可以單獨(dú)使用，也可以在后面加名詞。 如：This is his computer. =This computer is his. Those peaches are fresh. =Those are fresh peaches. (2)指示代詞在句子中可以都用the 代替。 如：I like this new picture. =I like the new picture.,六、不定代詞 1. 不定代詞的概念 不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞，叫作不定代詞。不定代詞可以分為： (1)普通不定代詞：some(一些)，any(任何)， no(沒有)，every(每個) ，each(每個)等。 (2)數(shù)量不定代詞：many(許多)，much(許多)， both (兩者都)， all (全都)， little(很少)， a little(一點(diǎn)兒)，few(很少)，a few(少數(shù)幾個)等。,2. 不定代詞的用法 (1) some, any 和 no 的用法辨析 some 和 any 都有 “一些”的意思， some 用于肯定句中，any 用于否定句中, no 用于肯定句中表達(dá)否定的意思。 如：There are some girls in the room. There arent any pandas in the mountain. There is no water in the bottle. 【注】在一些表示建議、請求的疑問句中，用some 而不用 any。 如：Would you like some coffee? Can I have some more rice?,(2)every和each的用法辨析 every 和 each 都有“每個”的意思，謂語動詞均用單數(shù)形式。every 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體之中的每一個；each 強(qiáng)調(diào)個體概念。 如：Every student in the class gets a new book. Each kid likes playing computer games. every表示“(三者以上中的)每一個”； each 可以表示“(兩者中的)每一個”。 如：I read English every day. There are green trees on each side of the river. (3)many和much的用法辨析 many和much都有“大量；許多”的意思。many只能修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，much只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 如：There are many people in the room. Much of the time was wasted.,(4)both和all的用法辨析 both表示“(兩者)都”；all表示“(三者或三者以上)都”。 如：My parents are both teachers. All the students in Class One like English very much. (5)few，a few，little，a little 的用法辨析 a few 和a little是一對用作表示數(shù)量的不定代詞的固定詞組，其意義是肯定的。a few修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 如：I have a few friends here. There is still a little water in the bottle. few和little具有否定的意義，意為“幾乎沒有”。few修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，little修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 如：He has few friends and lives alone. There is little water in the bottle. Lets go and get some.,(6)other, the other, others the others, another 的用法辨析 other表示“另一個”，其后可接名詞單數(shù)形式，也可接名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如：Put the candy in your other hand. Do you have any other questions? 表示“兩者中的一個”用one；表示“另一個”則用the other。 如：I have two sisters. One is Sarah, the other one is Susan. 表示不限定范圍內(nèi)的“其他的”用 others。 如：Some go there by car. Others go on foot. Some say yes, and others say no. “很多中的一個”用one；表示“剩下的所有”用the others。 如：Jack is cleverer than the others in his class.,【注】the others = the other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如：Jack is cleverer than the other students in his class. another指“另外一個”，強(qiáng)調(diào)在剩下的所有里面再拿一個，表示單數(shù)概念。 如：I dont like this hat. Please show me another one. 七、疑問代詞 疑問代詞引導(dǎo)的疑問句為特殊疑問句，疑問代詞一般放在疑問句的句首。疑問代詞有：who(誰，主格)，whom(誰，賓格)，whose(誰的)，what(什么)，which(哪個)等。 (疑問代詞部分的講解將在后面的疑問句章節(jié)中作詳細(xì)講解，故在此章節(jié)中省略),考點(diǎn)精析,考點(diǎn)1 考查代詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換 【例1】按要求寫單詞。 1. my(名詞性物主代詞) 2. their(賓格形式) 解析：此類題考查對各類代詞詞形的記憶和轉(zhuǎn)換。 答案：1. mine2. them,舉一反三 1. 詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。 (1)she (名詞性物主代詞) (2)she (復(fù)數(shù)形式) (3)we (單數(shù)形式) (4)this (對應(yīng)詞) 2. 英漢互譯。 (1)他的書包 (2)我的一個朋友 (3)look at him (4)its name,它的名字,hers,they,I,that,his bag,one of my friend/a friend of mine,看著他,考點(diǎn)2 考查代詞的運(yùn)用 【例2】 根據(jù)中文提示填空。 Help (我)with my English. 解析：此題考查對人稱代詞的主格與賓格的運(yùn)用。Help 是動詞，在動詞之后要用代詞的賓格。 答案：me,【例3】單項填空。 ()1. This is crayon， is over there. A. my； your B. mine； yours C. my； yours ()2. There are 30 students in this class. student has a computer. A. Each B. One C. Every ()3. Most people think are the winners. A. ours B. us C. we,解析：第1小題考查形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的運(yùn)用。第一空后有名詞crayon, 應(yīng)該用形容詞性物主代詞；第二空之后直接是be動詞 is，應(yīng)該用名詞性物主代詞。第2小題考查學(xué)生對不定代詞的掌握情況。 30 students 是大于2的，在這個集體中的每一個，用的代詞應(yīng)該是every。第3小題還是考查學(xué)生對代詞的運(yùn)用。 在分析此題的時候，學(xué)生容易受到think是動詞的影響而選擇us，事實(shí)上，在此題中most people think 是一個主句，后面的句子是從句，因此選擇主格代詞作主語。 答案：1. C2. C3. C,舉一反三 1. 單項填空。 ( )(1)Lets go and help . A. she B. herC. hers ( )(2)This is Mr Green. We are students. A. hes B. his C. he ( )(3)I dont have questions. A. no B. some C. any ( )(4) bike is it？ Its his bike. A. What B. Which C. Whose,B,B,C,C,2.選擇括號內(nèi)適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空。 (1)He is (I / my /me) father. (2)Pass (me / I / my) a pen. (3)Can I use (you / your / yours) eraser? (4)Please help (them / their / they) clean the classroom. (5)Are (this / these) your pens? (6)Be quiet. Please dont wake (he / him / his) up. (7)This pencil is (me / my / mine). (8)That yellow shirt is (she / her / hers). (9)Can you tell (me / my / I) the way to the park? (10)Sarah does (she / her / hers)homework every day.,my,me,her,me,your,them,these,him,mine,hers,考點(diǎn)3 考查代詞的綜合運(yùn)用 【例4】 按要求改寫句子。 Those are their watches. (改成單數(shù)形式) 解析：此題考查代詞在語境中的綜合運(yùn)用。句子由單數(shù)形式改成復(fù)數(shù)形式的時候，要求將句子中所有能夠改為復(fù)數(shù)的成分都改成復(fù)數(shù)形式，反之亦然。 答案：That is her/his watch.,舉一反三 1.在下面這段話中的橫線上填寫適當(dāng)?shù)拇~，補(bǔ)全短文。 is a photo of my family. father is the man on the right. The woman with glasses is_ mother. is an English teacher. The girl in red skirt is my sister. name is Linda. Whos the girl between my mother and Linda？ Its ， Lily. 2. 將下面的句子改為否定句和一般疑問句。 There is some water in the glass. (1)否定句： (2)一般疑問句：,This,My,my,She,Her,me,There isnt any water in the glass.,Is there any water in the glass？,過關(guān)檢測,一、選擇括號內(nèi)的正確代詞填空。 1. (they / he) are my friends. 2.Look at the tall building. (he / it) is a bank. 3.This gift is for (you / your). 4.He is (they / their) Chinese teacher. 5. (he / his) is a policeman. (she / his) brother is a farmer. 6. (me / my) pen is red,but (she / hers) is blue. 7.I want to invite (them / they) to my birthday party.,They,them,My,hers,His,He,their,you,It,8.Whose pencil is that ?Its (mine / my). 9.Can you help (my / me)? 10.Would you like to go with (us / our)? 二、按要求寫單詞。 1. I (賓格) _ 2. they (賓格) _ 3. we (名詞性物主代詞) _ 4. she (形容詞性物主代詞) _ 5. him (主格) _ 6. you (主格) _ 7. it (反身代詞) _ 8. us (反身代詞) _ 9. that (復(fù)數(shù)形式) _ 10. those (反義詞) _,mine,me,us,me,them,ours,her,he,you,itself,ourselves,those,these,三、根據(jù)句意用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空。 1. This is my brother._ are twins. 2.Miss Green is our teacher,we all like_ very much. 3. Sarah has four pens, but she doesnt use_. 4.This is not her book. _ is in my schoolbag. 5.What time does _ sister have breakfast? My sister has breakfast at 7:00. 6.Where are my shoes?I cant find _. 7._ are you doing? Im doing _ homework. 8._ Tshirt is that?Its mine. 9.I have a dog. _ name is Gogo. 10.She is a friend of _. We got to know each other two years ago.,mine,Its,Whose,my,What,them,your,Hers,them,her,We,四、單項填空。 ( )1. She is a student, and name is Julia. A. his B. her C. hers ( )2. Could you help with English, please? A. I; my B. me; me C. me; my ( )3. A friend of came here yesterday. A. my B. his C. him ( )4. pencil box is beautiful. But is more beautiful than . A. Toms; my; he B. Toms; mine; his C. Toms; mine; him ( )5. Most of_ like Chinese food. A. they B. their C. Them,B,C,B,B,C,( )6. Dont you let help you? A. I and my friend B. my friend and I C. my friend and me ( )7. I dont want this shirt. Please show me . A. others B. the others C. another ( )8. I have two sisters. of them are doctors. A. Both B. All C. Either ( )9. There are tomatoes in the basket. A. a few B. a little C. little ( )10. is Betty? Toms sister. A. What B. Where C. Who,C,C,C,A,A,( )11. _ have been chosen. A. I, you and he B. He, you and I C. You, he and I ( )12. Thats not _. It is _. I made it _. A. yours; mine; myself B. your; mine; mysel C. yours; her; myself ( )13. I cant repair the model ship _. Can you help _? A. me; myself B. myself; myself C. myself; me ( )14. We study Chinese, English, maths and some _ subjects. A. the other B. other C. another ( )15. Betty and John have come back, but _ students in the class arent here yet. A. the other B. others C. the others,B,C,C,A,A,五、按要求改寫下列句子。 1. This is their classroom. (改為同義句) _ 2. This is my book, and that is his book.(改為復(fù)數(shù)形式) _ 3. 我們的老師喜歡我們，我們也喜歡他。(漢譯英) _ 4. 這是誰的書？（漢譯英） _ 5. This red bottle is Mikes.(就畫線部分提問) _,This classroom is theirs.,These are our books, and those are their books.,Our teacher loves us, and we love him, too.,Whose book is this?,Whose is this red bottle?/Whose red bottle is this?,六、完形填空。 Look at the girl! She is _ good friend. She is _ English girl. _ name is Susan. _ twelve. My _ is Julia. _ a Chinese girl. I am eleven. Susan has a happy family. _ father is a driver and her mother is a doctor. I have a happy family, too. There are three people in _ family. They are my father, my mother and _. I love my parents and _ love me, too. ( )1. A. I B. my C. mine ( )2. A. a B. an C. the ( )3. A. She B. Shes C. Her ( )4. A. She B. Shes C. Her ( )5. A. name B. book C. friend,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,B,B,B,C,A,( )6. A. I B. Im C. She ( )7. A. Shes B. Hers C. Her ( )8. A. my B. mine C. me ( )9. A. we B. me C. I ( )10. A.them B. their C. they,B,B,C,C,A,