第七章 閱讀理解,要點點撥,閱讀理解題的解題步驟 閱讀理解題主要考查學(xué)生的認(rèn)知、閱讀、理解能力以及判斷分析和邏輯推理能力。閱讀理解是提高英語整體能力的重要有效途徑。 閱讀是理解的基礎(chǔ)，因此，要大量地閱讀不同的題材的文章，在逐步加快閱讀速度的同時，也能掌握更多的閱讀技巧。閱讀可以按以下幾步進行：,1. 通讀全文，掌握文章大意。 2. 仔細閱讀問題，帶著問題在文中找到相應(yīng)的語句，獲取關(guān)鍵信息，并畫線、標(biāo)號、圈重點，將可從短文中直接獲取的答案找出來，并選出選項。 3. 分析、判斷、對比，選出選項中符合題意的正確答案。 4. 如遇生詞，在平時訓(xùn)練的時候，可將關(guān)鍵詞拿到字典中去查閱，并做好單詞積累；考試的時候，盡可能地根據(jù)上下文猜測詞意，理解文章。,考點精析,考點1 考查閱讀短文，然后單項填空 【例1】閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選出正確的選項。 One day, Mr and Mrs White go shopping by car. They stop their car near a shop. They buy many things from the shop. And the things are very heavy, so they want to put them in their car. But Mr White cant open the door of the car. “Lets ask a policeman for help,” says Mrs White. They ask a policeman to help them. The policeman is very friendly to help them open the door of the car. At that time, a man comes up and shouts, “What are you doing with my car?” Mr and Mrs White look at the number of the car, then they say sorry to the man.,( )1. Mr and Mrs White go shopping . A.by bike B. by bus C. by car ( )2. They want to . A.put the heavy things into their car B.carry the things home C. ask a policeman to carry the things for them ( )3. Mr White cant open the door of the car . A.but Mrs White can B. but a policeman can C. but soon they open it,( )4. helps them open the door of the car. A. An old man B. A young woman C. A policeman ( )5. They look at and they know they are wrong. A. the policeman B. the man C. the number of the car,解析: 這是最常見的一種閱讀理解的題型，根據(jù)前面的方法介紹，先讀故事，找出故事發(fā)生的人物、時間、地點以及故事的起因、經(jīng)過、結(jié)果等要素，然后對照下面每小題的選項，逐步分析，選擇答案。 第1、2小題可以直接從短文中獲取答案；第3小題考查Mr White 不能直接打開門之后發(fā)生的事情，短文中有一句“The policeman is very friendly to help them open the door of the car.”說明了policeman 幫他們打開了車門，這也是第4小題的答案；第5小題前面部分在短文中可以找到原文，也是一個簡單題。 答案：1. C 2.A 3.B 4. C 5. C,考點2 考查閱讀短文，然后判斷對錯 【例2】閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷下列句子的正（T）誤（F）。 Dear Gao Shan, Im writing to you in my bedroom. I miss you and the other classmates in the USA. Im studying in a primary school in Atlanta(亞特蘭大). Im not good at English. My friend Tim is from England. He often helps me with my English. And I teach him Chinese.,All of my classmates here are from different countries. Peter is English. David is Australian. Nancy is American. Shes from New York. Mr Black is my teacher. Hes from Canada. My good friend, Chen Jie and Wu Yifan are Chinese, too. Theyre from Hong Kong. Were from different countries, but we are friends. I will come back this Spring Festival. Yours, Liu Tao,( )1. Liu Tao is American. ( )2. Liu Tao often teaches Tim Chinese. ( )3. Peter and David are from the same country. ( )4. Mr Black isnt Chinese. Hes Japanese. ( )5. Now Liu Tao and his classmates are in America.,解析: 判斷對錯的題在短文閱讀中是相對簡單的一個題型，但是判斷句和原文的不同，常常只在細節(jié)之處呈現(xiàn)，如人名、時間、地點、性別等，甚至是一個單詞的不同，細心是做這種題的關(guān)鍵。另外，本題考查學(xué)生對幾個常見的國家和國人的名詞的掌握情況。學(xué)生對這方面的內(nèi)容要有所涉及有所掌握。 答案：1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T,考點3 考查閱讀短文，然后回答問題 【例3】閱讀短文，回答下列問題。 Once, Goethe(歌德)， the great German poet（詩人）, was walking in a park. He was thinking about something when he noticed（意識到） he came to a very, very narrow road. Just at that time, a young man came towards him from the other end of the road. It was too narrow for both of them to pass through at the same time. They stopped and looked at each other for a while. Then the young man said rudely（粗魯?shù)兀? “I never make way（讓路） for a fool.” But Goethe smiled and said, “I always do.” Then he turned back quickly and walked towards the end of the road.,1. Where was Goethe walking？ _ 2. Who came towards Goethe from the other end of the road？ _ 3. Was the road too narrow for both of them to pass through at the same time？ _ 4. Did the young man make way for Goethe？ _ 5. Who turned back quickly and walked towards the end of the road？ _,解析: 做此類題，要倒轉(zhuǎn)過來看，先讀題目，然后再帶著問題，通讀全文，把握文章的意思，再研究和問題相關(guān)的句子或關(guān)鍵詞，哪怕是可以找到答案的原文，也不主張全句照搬、抄寫。而是要做到緊扣問題，簡單明了地回答，可能的話，避開語法點，降低錯誤率，從而減少失分率。 本題難度較大，講的是大詩人歌德讓路的一個故事，其中對白部分：The young man said rudely, “I never make way for a fool.” But Goethe smiled and said, “I always do.” 是本篇短文的難點所在。仔細分析 but 一詞，以及I always do. 的意思，可知他的意思是he always makes way for a fool，且最后他made way for the young man。,答案：1. In a park. /He was walking in a park. 2. A young man. /A young man came towards Goethe. 3. Yes, it was. 4. No，he didnt. 5. Goethe.,考點4 考查閱讀對話，然后根據(jù)對話填空,【例4】根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容填空，每空一詞。,Tom:What are you going to do this weekend？Mary:I am going to plant some flowers in my garden. Tom:Flowers? Mary:Yes,some beautiful flowers. Tom:How do you plant flowers? Mary:First,dig a hole in the soil,then put some seeds in the soil. Tom:Thats all?,Mary:Then you have to water it and wait for it to grow. Tom:That sounds like fun! Mary:Come to my house on Saturday morning.And well plant flowers together. Tom:OK,great!,1.Mary wants to plant_ in her garden. 2.Mary is going to do it this_ morning. 3.Tom_ know how to plant flowers. 4.Mary digs a hole in the_ first. 5.Tom thinks it is _to plant some flowers.,解析:此題要求學(xué)生根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容填空。解答此類試題一般先通讀全文，了解大意，然后再結(jié)合題目細讀文章，找出答案。這段對話講的是Mary打算種花及Tom詢問種花的過程。第1題從語法結(jié)構(gòu)分析，缺少賓語。從對話的第2行中就能找到答案。第2題考查時間狀語，從對話的倒數(shù)第2行可以找到答案。第3題從第5行可以看出Tom不知道怎么樣種花。第4題講的是種花的第一步應(yīng)該做什么，從對話的第6行中就可以找到答案。第5題講的是Tom對種花的態(tài)度，從對話倒數(shù)第3行可以找到答案。 答案：1. flowers 2. Saturday 3. doesnt 4. soil 5. fun,過關(guān)檢測,一、閱讀短文, 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷下列句子的正（T）誤（F）。 A My names Bob. Im from America. I live in Shanghai with my parents. I study Chinese in an American school in Shanghai. There are forty students in our class. Our Chinese teacher is Miss Ling. Shes a nice lady. Shes young and active. We have six lessons a day. Now I can speak a little Chinese. I have got a good Chinese friend, Wang Hua. We often play football together after school. Sometimes he helps me with my Chinese and I help him with his English.,( )1.Bob is an American boy. ( )2.Bob is studying Chinese in the USA. ( )3.Miss Ling is an English teacher. ( )4.Bob can speak very good Chinese. ( )5.Sometimes Bob helps Wang Hua with his English.,T,F,F,F,T,B Tim was seven years old, and his sister was five. One day, their mother wanted to go shopping, so she asked their aunt to look after them. The two children played for a long time. At four oclock in the afternoon, their aunt gave Tim an apple and a knife. She said to him,“now heres a knife, Tim. Cut this apple into two pieces. And then please give one piece to your sister, but remember to do it like a gentleman.” “Like a gentleman?”Tim asked.“How does a gentleman do it?”,“He always gives the big piece to other person,”his aunt answered. “Oh, I see.”Then he gave his sister the apple and said to her,“Please cut it into two pieces like a gentleman, Joan.”,( )1. Tim was two years older than his sister. ( )2. Joan was Tims little sister. ( )3. Tims mum wanted to go swimming with her friends. ( )4. At four oclock in the afternoon, the childrens aunt gave them two apples and a knife. ( )5. Tim wanted the big piece of the apple.,T,T,F,F,T,C Most people have a boss. I have a boss,too. But my boss is a little unusual.He goes to work with his big dog.Many people have dogs ,but few bring their dogs to work.My bosss dog Bob is big and brown.My boss brings him to work every day.He takes the dog to meet with people and have lunch.When there is a call for my boss,I always know if he is in the office or not.I only look under his desk.If I see the dog, I know my boss is in the office.If there is no dog,I know my boss is out.,( )1. My boss is Bobs classmate. ( )2. My boss is the same as other bosses. ( )3. Bob goes to meet with people instead of (代替) my boss. ( )4. I think my boss likes his dog. ( )5. I always know if my boss is in the office.,F,F,F,T,T,二、閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選出正確的選項。 A The New Years Eve party was going on. Then the bell rang, a tall man opened the door and came in. Nobody knew him, but the host went over and took him in. The man sat there happily for half an hour and drank. Then he said,“Nobody invited me to this party. I dont know you, or anyone else here. Our family wanted to go out, but one of your friends car was in front of our gate, so I came here to find him, and my wife is still waiting in our car！”,( )1. When did the story happen? A. At 7:00. B. In November. C. On New Years Eve. ( )2. The“bell”here means the _. A. time bell B. door bell C. church bell ( )3. The host went to meet and took him in because he thought he was _. A. one of his guests B. his brother C. his classmate ( )4. The tall mans wife waited in the car for _. A. an hour B. two hours C. half an hour ( )5. At last, the host might be a little _. A. afraid B. surprised C. worried,C,B,A,C,B,B One day, an old man is selling a big elephant. A young man comes to the elephant and begins to look at it slowly. The old man goes to him and says in his ear,“Dont say anything about the elephant before I sell it, and then I will give you some meat.” “All right,”says the young man. After the old man sells the elephant, he gives the young man some meat and says,“How can you see the bad ears of the elephant?” “I dont see the bad ears,”says the young man.,“Then why do you look at the elephant slowly?”asks the old man. The young man answers,“Because I never saw an elephant before, and I want to know what it looks like.”,( )1. One day _ is(are) selling an elephant. A. a young man B. an old man C. a young man and an old man ( )2. The old man asks the young man to _ before he sells the elephant. A. look at the elephant B. say nothing about the elephant C. buy some meat,B,B,( )3. The young man looks at the elephant slowly because _. A. he likes elephants B. he cant see it clearly C. he never saw an elephant before ( )4. In fact, the young man doesnt find the elephants _. A. bad ears B. bad eyes C. bad nose ( )5. At last, the young man gets _. A. the elephant B. some meat C. some money,C,A,B,C On Sundays,Tom usually gets up at 9 oclock.Today,Tom got up at six because he was going to go on a picnic with his parents.But it was raining, so they couldnt go on a picnic in the park. Tom went to the kitchen and said to his mum,“We cant have a picnic in the park.” Mum said,“Wait a minute.” Then,Mum took out the food, a fan and a recorder(錄音機).“Its just like in the park,a cool wind and the birdssinging，”Mum said.,( )1. Tom usually gets up at 9 oclock _. A. on Mondays B.on Sundays C. on Thursdays ( )2. Tom got up at _ today. A. six B. seven C. eight ( )3. There was _ in Toms home. A. birdssinging B. a cool wind C.both A and B ( )4. Why did Tom get up so early on Sunday? A. Because he had to go to school. B. Because he had to do his homework. C. Because he would go on a picnic with his parents. ( )5. What was the weather like that day? A. It was sunny. B. It was windy. C. It was rainy.,B,A,C,C,C,三、閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，回答下列問題。 A Tomorrow is the second of September. Its Sunday. And it is Janes birthday. Jane is going to be twelve tomorrow. Her parents are going to have the birthday party at a restaurant because Jane likes the food there. Janes teacher Miss Brown and fifteen of her friends are going to the party. Janes parents love their only daughter. Now they are shopping. They are going to buy a new dress for her. And they are going to buy a big toy panda, too. They neednt buy the birthday cake and other food because the restaurant will get ready for them. Itll serve them the birthday cake, the food and drinks, and some presents.,1. What day is it tomorrow? _ 2. How old will Jane be tomorrow? _ 3. How many Janes friends will be at the party? _ 4. What are Janes parents going to buy? _ 5. Need Janes parents buy the birthday cake and any other food? _,Its Sunday.,She will be 12 / twelve.,Fifteen / 15.,They are going to buy a dress and a big toy panda.,No, they neednt.,B Today is a holiday. Ben wants to go to the City Park with his classmates. He puts on his new T-shirt and white cap. He walks to the bus stop. The bus stop is near his home. He and his classmates are going to meet there. It is quite a long way from his home to the park. So they are going to the City Park by bus. They are going to take the No.13 bus. They want to see a flower show there. Ben thinks that they are going to have a good time. And his father told him to buy some beautiful flowers, because next Monday is his mothers birthday.,1. Where are Ben and his classmates going? _ 2. How are they going there? _ 3. Is it near from Bens home to the park? _ 4. Which bus are they going to take? _ 5. Why is Ben going to buy flowers? _,They are going to the City Park.,They are going there by bus.,No, it isnt.,The No-13 bus.,Because next Monday is his mothers birthday.,C Jim is a student of Grade six.He usually goes to the park with his friends on the weekend.But last weekend, he stayed at home and did housework. Because his dad went to another city.And his mum was sick. She had a fever.In the morning,he went to the hospital with his mum.In the afternoon,Jim cleaned the room, washed clothes and cooked the meals.Her mother was very happy.,1. What does Jim usually do on the weekend? _ 2. Why did he do the housework? _ _ 3. What did he do in the morning? _ 4. Did he do the dishes in the afternoon? _ 5. How did his mum feel? _,Jim usually goes to the park with his friends.,Because his dad went to another city,and his mum was sick / had a fever.,He went to the hospital with his mum.,No,he didnt.,His mum felt very happy.,四、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，每空一題。 A Susan has four sisters.They are Betty,Holly,Rose and Ann.Susan is the oldest of the five.Betty is thirteen years old.She is two years younger than Susan and one year older than Holly.Rose is nine and Ann is seven. Susan and Betty study in a middle school.Holly, Rose and Ann study in a primary school.The primary school is near their home.They walk there.The middle school is a little far.Susan and Betty go there by bike.,There are 1._ children in Susans family.Susan is 2._ years old. Holly is 3._ years old.Susan is the 4._ girl in the family.Ann is the 5._ in the family.6._ and7._ are middle school students.8._,9._ and 10._ are primary school students.,five,15 / fifteen,12 / twelve,oldest,youngest,Susan,Betty,Holly,Rose,Ann,B Weather forecasts (天氣預(yù)報) help us to decide what to do.It helps us to decide where to go.It also helps us decide what to wear.It can also save lives.Forecasters （預(yù)報員） can warn people when a hurricane（颶風(fēng)）or a typhoon is coming.They can tell us where the hurricanes or typhoons go.This helps people to move away from them and stay safe.So weather forecasts are very important to us. Weather 1._ help us to 2._ what to do, where to go and 3._ to wear.It can also 4._ lives.For example,5._ can warn people when a 6._ or a typhoon is coming. They can tell us 7._ the hurricanes or typhoons go. This helps people to 8._ away 9._ them and stay 10._.,forecasts,decide,what,save,Forecasters,hurricane,where,move,from,safe,C Every morning Mike goes to work by train.He has long trip,so he always buys a newspaper. It helps to make the time pass more quickly. One Tuesday morning, he turned to the sports page.He wanted to read an article about an important football match.The article was so interesting that he forgot to get off at his station.He didnt know it until he saw the sea.He got off at the next station, and had to wait for a long time for a train to go back.He got to the office very late.His boss was very angry with him.,Mike goes to work by 1._ every morning. As he has a long trip, he always buys a 2._. It helps 3._ pass more quickly.One Tuesday morning, he turned to the 4._ page. He wanted to read an article about an important 5._ match. The article was so interesting that he 6._ to get off at his station. He didnt know it until he saw the 7._ .He got off at the next station, and had to 8._ for a long time for a train to go back. He got to the 9._ very late, so his boss was very 10._ .,train,newspaper,time,sports,football,forgot,sea,wait,office,angry,