第二章 詞 類,第五節(jié) 形容詞和副詞,知識(shí)梳理,一、形容詞 1.形容詞是主要用來(lái)修飾名詞的詞，表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、特征或程度好壞等。 2.形容詞可以直接修飾名詞，表示“的”。 如：a good student,a busy bee 3. 形容詞也可以放在句末。 如：That girl is smart.,二、副詞 1.副詞是用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或全句的詞，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念。 2.副詞表示動(dòng)作是“地”，一般放在動(dòng)詞之后。 如：The girls sing happily. Joe draws very well. 【注】在be，feel，smell，taste，get，become，sound，look，turn等連系動(dòng)詞之后，應(yīng)該用形容詞而不是副詞。 如：I feel sad when I see the film. It sounds good. You look terrible. Whats the matter? Leaves turn yellow in autumn. The food tastes delicious.,三、形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則 1.大部分形容詞在其詞尾直接加ly變成副詞。 如：realreally， quietquietly， helpfulhelpfully，slowslowly， carefulcarefully，quickquickly 【注】此類以ly 結(jié)尾的形容詞變比較級(jí)時(shí)，在前面加 more 2.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞要變y為i，然后再加ly變成副詞。 如： busybusily，easyeasily 3.某些以輔音字母加不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾和以u(píng)e結(jié)尾的形容詞要先去掉e，然后再加y或ly變成副詞。 如： gentlegently ， truetruly,【注】(1)部分名詞加ly變成副詞。如： partpartly (部分地) (2)并不是所有以ly結(jié)尾的詞都是副詞，有的名詞加ly是形容詞。 如：friendfriendly(友好的)， mothermotherly(母親般的)， fatherfatherly(父親般的)， sistersisterly(姐妹般的)， brotherbrotherly(兄弟般的)， lovelovely(可愛(ài)的)，daydaily(每日的) (3)有些名詞加y變成形容詞。若名詞以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，需雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母再加y。 如：rainrainy，snowsnowy，cloudcloudy，windwindy，fogfoggy，sunsunny，saltsalty，lucklucky，healthhealthy,四、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí) 大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞都有等級(jí)的變化，表示“更”或“最”。 1. 形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化規(guī)則 (1) 規(guī)則變化,續(xù)表,(2) 不規(guī)則變化,【注】形容詞最高級(jí)前一般要加the。,2. 形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法 (1) 比較級(jí)常用于兩者之間的比較，一般結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)than其他。同時(shí)，在比較級(jí)前可以用much，rather，a little，even等表示程度的副詞修飾。 如：She is taller than me. He runs faster than Tom. This house is much bigger than that one. Lily is a little thinner than Lucy. (2) 形容詞比較級(jí)and形容詞比較級(jí)，表示“越來(lái)越”。 如：It is getting hotter and hotter. (3) the形容詞比較級(jí)，the形容詞比較級(jí)，表示“越就越”。 如：The more， the better. 越多越好。,(4)最高級(jí)用于三者或三者以上的人或物的比較，表示人或物在某個(gè)范圍內(nèi)“最”。 如：Jack is the cleverest in the class. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China. 【注】(1)形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)可以用“as形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)as”結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)兩者進(jìn)行比較，表示“和一樣”。其否定形式為“not as/so形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)as”，表示“不如/沒(méi)有”。 如：Lily is as old as Lucy. Tom is not as/so clever as Jim. (2)副詞的最高級(jí)前面的the 可以省略。 如：She is the best singer in our school. She sings (the) best.,考點(diǎn)精析,考點(diǎn)1 考查形容詞、副詞的詞形變換 【例1】請(qǐng)仔細(xì)觀察下面左排的單詞，根據(jù)其變化規(guī)則寫(xiě)出右排所缺的單詞。 1. bigbigger hot 2. newold early 3. goodbest much 4. happyhappily easy 解析：此類題考查形容詞和副詞的變換形式，涉及形容詞、副詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換及其比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)、反義詞等。 答案：1. hotter2. late3. most4. easily,舉一反三 1. 寫(xiě)出下列單詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。 (1) late (2) thin (3) easy (4) useful 2. 根據(jù)畫(huà)線的形容詞判斷下列句子的說(shuō)法是否正確，正確的在括號(hào)里打“”，錯(cuò)誤的打“”。 (1) The days are longer in summer than in winter.( ) (2) The elephants are the biggest animals in the world.( ) (3) Watching too much TV is always bad for children.( ),the most useful,later,latest,thinner,thinnest,easier,easiest,more useful,考點(diǎn)2 考查形容詞、副詞的用法 【例2】選擇合適的單詞填空。 Yao Ming is a basketball player. He plays basketball. 解析：good 是形容詞，well是副詞。形容詞修飾名詞， 放在名詞之前；副詞放在動(dòng)詞之后，也起修飾作用。 答案：good；well,【例3】在橫線上寫(xiě)出畫(huà)線單詞的反義詞。 Is the box light or ？ 解析：選擇疑問(wèn)句的選項(xiàng)是一組反義詞，light 在此意為“輕的”，故其反義詞為“heavy”。 答案： heavy,舉一反三 1. 在橫線上寫(xiě)出畫(huà)線單詞的反義詞。 (1)The days are long in summer and the nights are . (2)The dictionary is thick， but the exercise book is . (3)It is cold in winter but its very in summer. 2. 選詞填空。 (1)She is a girl. (2)My book is than yours. (3)How the rain is！ (4)Can you give me a answer？,short,thin,hot,lovely,newer,heavy,cleverer,考點(diǎn)3 考查形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法 【例4】用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 Amy sings .Sarah sings than Amy.Chen Jie sings in our school. (well) 解析：此題考查副詞比較等級(jí)的用法。第一句話陳述一般性事實(shí)，沒(méi)有相互之間的比較。因而用副詞原級(jí)well修飾動(dòng)詞sing。第二句有than這個(gè)比較級(jí)標(biāo)志，此句空格上應(yīng)填well的比較級(jí)better來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞sing。第三句中有表范圍的介詞in our school，此句修飾sing的副詞應(yīng)是well的最高級(jí)best。 答案：well；better；best,【例5】請(qǐng)將下面的兩句話合并成一句。 Im 11 years old. My sister is 8 years old. 解析： 此題中的兩個(gè)句子給出的是一組對(duì)比關(guān)系，所以，可以用比較級(jí)句式將其組合成一句話。 答案： Im 3 years older than my sister./My sister is 3 years younger than me.,舉一反三 1. 單項(xiàng)填空。 ( )(1) Of all my family members, my brother is. A. tall B. tallerC. the tallest ( )(2) Now Bob is than he was. A. more careful B. much careful C. more carefully ( )(3)The food smells . You cant eat it. A. delicious B. bad C. badly,C,A,B,2. 按要求改寫(xiě)句子，使句意不變。 (1) Im 135 cm tall. My sister is 135 cm tall, too. (用同級(jí)表達(dá)) (2) Tom is 13 years old. Jim is 14 years old. (用比較級(jí)表達(dá)),Im as tall as my sister. /My sister is as tall as me.,Tom is 1 year younger than Jim. /Jim is 1 year older than Tom.,過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè),一、寫(xiě)出下列形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)（省略the）。 1. long _ _ 2. heavy _ _ 3. wide _ _ 4. brightly _ _ 5. fat _ _ 6. lovely _ _ 7. early _ _ 8. fast _ _ 9. slow _ _ 10. interesting_ _,longer,longest,heavier,heaviest,wider,widest,more brightly,most brightly,fatter,fattest,more lovely,most lovely,earlier,earliest,faster,fastest,slower,slowest,more interesting,most interesting,11. much _ _ 12. hot _ _ 13. many _ _ 14. young _ _ 15. strong _ _ 16. short _ _ 17. well _ _ 18. good _ _ 19. thin _ _ 20. bad _ _,more,most,hotter,hottest,more,most,younger,youngest,stronger,strongest,shorter,shortest,better,best,better,best,thinner,thinnest,worse,worst,二、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。 1. Peter is taller than any other boys in his class. Peter is _ all the boys in his class. 2. Sarah has big schoolbag than mine. My schoolbag is_ than Sarahs. 3. He is 140 cm tall,his sister is 140 cm,too. His sister is _ him. 4. Her dress is much cheaper than mine. My dress is _ than hers.,the tallest of,smaller,as tall as,more expensive,三、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. Lucy is _ (thin) than her friend. 2. Winter is the _ (cold) season of the year. 3. The _ (cheap) bags are usually not the best ones. 4. It smells _ (terrible). 5. Dick is _ at music. And he also does _ in sports.(well) 6. Things are getting _ and _.(bad) 7. Which is _ (heavy), the elephant or the tiger? 8. I eat _ (much) food than you.,thinner,coldest,cheapest,terrible,good,well,worse,worse,heavier,more,四、在橫線上寫(xiě)出畫(huà)線單詞的反義詞。 1. There isnt much tea in the bottle. There is _. 2. The desks arent dirty. They are _. 3. Is he right or _? 4. The small box is full of toys, but the big one is _. 5. Marys coat is cheap, but her shoes are so _. 五、單項(xiàng)填空。 ( )1. This park is_ than that one. A. large B. larger C. largest ( )2. Mike jumps _ than Mary. A. more high B. more higher C. much higher ( )3. My father is_ than my uncle. A. old B. older C. oldest ( )4. The desk is _ , and the table is _. A. big; bigger B. bigger; bigger C. big; biggest,little,clean,wrong,empty,expensive,B,C,B,A,( )5. Jenny sang the song_. A.happy B. happiness C. happily ( )6. The school is _ newer than that one. A. much B. many C. more ( )7. You can see the hospital_ . A. easily B. easy C. more easy ( )8. Of all my friends, Kate is _ one. A. tall B. taller C. the tallest ( )9. She can do it _ me. A. as good as B. as well as C. so good as ( ) 10. The joke is _ funny. A. more B. so C. as,C,A,A,C,B,B,六、按要求完成下列句子。 1. 這本書(shū)跟那本書(shū)一樣有用。（漢譯英） This book is _ _ _ that one. 2. 今天比昨天熱得多。（漢譯英） It is _ _ today _ it was yesterday. 3. Sarah 是我們班最矮的學(xué)生。(漢譯英） _ 4I am 50 kg heavy. Sue is 50 kg heavy, too. (兩句話合并為一句話) _ 5 The blue box is 5 kg. The white box is 6 kg. The black box is 7 kg. (三句話合并為一句話) _ _,as,useful,as,much,hotter,than,Sarah is the shortest student in our class.,I am as heavy as Sue./Sue is as heavy as me.,The black box is the heaviest of the three. /The blue box is the lightest of the three.,1. Amy is 3 _ _ than Susan. 2. John is 158 cm. He is _ than Amy. But he is _ than Susan. 3. How _ is Susan? She is _ cm. 4. John is _ kg _ than Amy. 5. Amy is _ than John，but she is _ than Susan.,years,younger,taller,shorter,tall,159,9,heavier,older,younger,七、根據(jù)下面表格中的信息補(bǔ)全句子。,