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111 module 4 A social survey My neighbourbood Grammar學(xué)案 一.確定目標(biāo) ★ 知識(shí)目標(biāo)： ★ 短語：so far，up to now，till now，pay back 語法：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) ★ 能力目標(biāo)： 掌握現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別 ★ 情感目標(biāo)： 通過小組學(xué)習(xí)培養(yǎng)合作意識(shí)和對(duì)英語的興趣。 二．基礎(chǔ)自學(xué) 用以下短語填空 so far for a long time up to now in the past ten years since then 1. Great! I’ve been longing to visit the exhibition on the western artists . 2. as I know, everybody wants to be a model student. 3. Great changes have taken place in our hometown. 4. I’ve never met him. 5. Things have not change very much . 三．情景解疑 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 1. 構(gòu)成：has / had + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 2. 基本用法： ①表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果?？梢员硎咀罱瓿傻膭?dòng)作，也可以表示經(jīng)歷或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 ②表示過去已經(jīng)開始、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去）的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。 3. 時(shí)間狀語：just, recently, so far, up to now, till now, in the past, ever, never, for, since, these days, this year, now等。 4. 短暫性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞： 短暫性動(dòng)詞用于完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，不表示延續(xù)概念，不能跟表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，需要時(shí)要用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替換。常見的有： buy →have, borrow →keep, leave →be away, die →be dead, return →be back, put on →wear, catch a cold →have a cold, fall asleep →be asleep 【例】— —Since two years ago. A. How long have you joined Greener China? B. How long did you join Greener China? C. When did you join Greener China? D. How long have you been with Greener China? 解析：Since two years ago.表示的是時(shí)間段，因此問話問的應(yīng)該是多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，答案在A，B和D之間選。由于動(dòng)詞join是短暫性動(dòng)詞，無延續(xù)性，不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，故選D。 四．合作探究 【思考】讀下列例句，說說一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別是什么？ ① The light has gone out. ② The light went out. 五．鞏固檢測(cè) 1. —I’m sorry to keep you waiting. —Oh, not at all, I here for only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 2. —Do you know our town at all? —No, this is the first time I here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am going 3. I wonder why Jenny us recently. We should have heard from her by now. A. hasn’t written B. doesn’t write C. won’t write D. hadn’t written 4. The weather makes so much trouble. It every day so far this week. A. will rain B. rains C. has rained D. rained 5. Ann me her address but I’m afraid I it. A. gave; have lost B. has given; have lost C. gives; lost D. had given; lost 六．學(xué)習(xí)總結(jié) B1m4Period III Grammar I & Grammar II 二．基礎(chǔ)自學(xué) 1. for a long time 2. So far 3. in the past ten years 4. Science then 5. up to now 四．合作探究 ① The light has gone out. 燈已經(jīng)滅了。（現(xiàn)在還沒亮。） ② The light went out. 燈滅了。（燈以前滅過，現(xiàn)在可能是亮的。） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果；一般過去時(shí)則表示單純的過去的事實(shí)，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。 五．鞏固檢測(cè) ABACA 111