人教新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè) Unit 5 知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理及重難點(diǎn)講練知識(shí)梳理一、單詞拓展Begin (v.開始) beginning (n.開始)heavily(adv.在很大程度上；大量地) heavy (adj.沉重的)suddenly(ado.突然；忽然) sudden (adj.突然的)strange(adj.奇特的；奇怪的) stranger (n.陌生人) strangely(ado.奇怪地) wind(n.風(fēng)) windy(adj.有風(fēng)的)report(v.&n.報(bào)道；公布) reporter(n.記者)wood(n.木；木頭) wooden (adj.木制的)asleep(adj.睡著) sleep (v.&n.睡覺) sleepy (adj.困倦的)icy(ad.覆蓋著冰的；冰冷的) ice (n.冰)completely(ado.徹底地；完全地) complete (adj.完全的)silence(n.沉默；緘默；無(wú)聲) silent (adj.安靜的)recently(ado.不久前；最近) recent (adj.最近的)truth(n.實(shí)情；事實(shí)) true (adj.符合事實(shí)的) truly (ado.真正，確實(shí))二、短語(yǔ)歸納at the time of 當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候wait for等候look forpick upfeel likehave fundie downclean upwake upin times ofturn onat firstwalk byon the radiothe rest oftake downlook out ofgo away尋找接電話感覺像玩得高興；過得愉快 逐漸變?nèi)?；逐漸消失打掃干凈醒來(lái)在的時(shí)候打開起初；起先路過通過廣播；通過收音機(jī) 其余的;剩下的拆除；往下拽；記錄 向外看離開，走開go offtake a showermake surefall asleepin a messbreak.aparteach othertake photoshave a lookby the side ofmake one's wayeat dinnerin silencehave meaning to sb.point outas well(鬧鐘)發(fā)出響聲 洗淋浴確保；確認(rèn)；查明 進(jìn)入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)；睡著 凌亂不堪 使支離破碎 互相拍照看一看在旁邊 前往；費(fèi)力地前進(jìn) 吃晚飯 沉默；無(wú)聲 對(duì)某人有()意義指出也三、用法總結(jié)：begin to do sth.開始做某事try to do sth.努力做某事be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 What was/were +sb. + doing when.? While sb. was /were doing.have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困難 當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候，某人在做什么？ 當(dāng)某人正在做重難點(diǎn)講練1考點(diǎn)一：My alarm didn't go off so I woke up late. go off（鬧鐘）發(fā)出響聲 重點(diǎn)我的鬧鐘沒響，所以我醒晚了。 (教材 P34 2a)go off 在此處意為"(鬧鐘)發(fā)出響聲”，是不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。Eg. I have set the alarm clock to go off at 7 a.m. 【拓展延伸】go off 的其他常見含義： 1. 離開我把鬧鐘設(shè)在早上 7 點(diǎn)。He went off early this morning. 2. (食物、飲料）變質(zhì)；變壞Meat goes off easily in hot weather. 3. (電燈)熄滅；(電)中斷Suddenly the lights went off.他今天一大早就離開了。熱天肉容易壞。燈突然熄滅了?！炯磳W(xué)即用】（2018·株洲中考)The boss was late for the meeting because his alarm clock didn'tA. go offB. go outC. go on考點(diǎn)二： I called at seven and you didn't pick up. ?？键c(diǎn) pick up 接電話我 7 點(diǎn)給你打電話你沒接。 （教材 P34 2d)pick up 在此處相當(dāng)于 pick up the phone, 與 answer the phone 同義。Eg. Lucy was watering the flowers in the garden, so she didn't pick up the phone / answer the phone. 露西(那會(huì)兒)正在花園里澆花，因此她沒有接電話?！就卣寡由臁縫ick up 的其他常見義項(xiàng)：1. 撿起；拾起You should pick up the paper on the ground.2. 整理；收拾Let's pick up the living room.3. 搭載；駕車去接(某人)Shall we go to the airport to pick up your sister?4. (偶然)得到；She picked up Spanish when she was living in Mexico. 【即學(xué)即用】根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，完成句子。1. 布萊克先生拿起帽子走了出去。Mr Black _ his hat and went out.2. 明天我會(huì)開車到你家接你。I'll _ at your home tomorrow.你應(yīng)該把地上的紙撿起來(lái)。我們收拾一下客廳吧。我們?nèi)C(jī)場(chǎng)接你妹妹好嗎？她旅居墨西哥時(shí)順便學(xué)會(huì)了西班牙語(yǔ)?？键c(diǎn)三：Ben's dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows while his mom was making sure the flashlights and radio were working.本的爸爸正在把一塊塊木頭釘在窗戶上(加固)，此時(shí)他媽媽正在確認(rèn)手電筒和收音機(jī)都能正常使 用。(教材 P35 3a)1. wood n. 木；木頭wood 在此處作不可數(shù)名詞，a piece of wood 意為 “一塊木頭” pieces of wood 意為“塊木頭”。 此外，wood 還可作可數(shù)名詞，意為”木頭；木料；木柴”。Eg. Her house was made of wood.她的房子是一座木屋。 2He used a piece of wood to make a paddle.他用一塊木頭做了一把槳。This set of furniture is made of different kinds of woods.這套家具是由不同的木材制作的?！就卣寡由臁縲ood 作可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，還可意為“森林”，常用 woods。 Eg. She got lost in the woods.她在森林里迷了路。2. make sure確保；確認(rèn)；查明 ?？键c(diǎn)make sure 意為"確保；確認(rèn)；查明”，常見用法如下： make sure + (that) 從句 make sure of (doing) sth.確保 確保(做)某事Eg. When we read a piece of news online, we'd better make sure it's true before sending it to others. 當(dāng)我們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上讀到一條新聞時(shí)，在轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)給他人之前最好確保它是真實(shí)的。You'd better make sure of the time and address.你最好把時(shí)間和地址弄清楚?！炯磳W(xué)即用】根據(jù)所給中文意思完成句子，每空限填一詞。 (2018·天津中考) 給他蓋件外套，確保他身上暖和。 Cover him with a coat and _ _ he is warm. 考點(diǎn)四：She also put some candles and matches on the table. (教材 P35 3a)1. Match n. 火柴match 在此處作可數(shù)名詞，意為”火柴”。她還把一些蠟燭和火柴放在桌子上。Eg. Don't let your children play with matches.不要讓你的孩子玩火柴。【拓展延伸】(1) match 作名詞，還可意為”比賽”。Eg. They are watching a football match on TV at my home at the moment.現(xiàn)在他們正在我家看電視上的足球比賽。(2) match 還可作動(dòng)詞，意為”與·相配”。Eg. The silk scarf is pretty and matches her blue coat very well. 這條絲巾很漂亮，與她的藍(lán)色外套很 相配?？键c(diǎn)五：Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows. 當(dāng)雨開始重重地敲打在窗戶上時(shí)，本正幫著媽媽做晚飯。（教材 P35 3a)1. beat v. 敲打；打敗 難點(diǎn)(1) beat 在此處作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為”敲打”，其過去式為 beat，過去分詞為 beaten。Eg. Sid was beating at the door with his hand.錫德在用手拍門。(2) beat 還可作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“戰(zhàn)勝；打敗”。Eg. In yesterday's game, Switzerland beat the United States two to one.在昨天的比賽中，瑞士隊(duì)以 2 比 1 擊敗了美國(guó)隊(duì)?！疽谆毂嫖觥縲in 與 beat win 意為"獲勝，贏，贏得”，指在競(jìng)賽或戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中獲得勝利，其賓語(yǔ)多為表示比賽、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、獎(jiǎng)品、 金錢或獎(jiǎng)牌等的名詞。 beat 意為“打敗”，指在游戲或競(jìng)賽中擊敗對(duì)手，其賓語(yǔ)是比賽或競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的對(duì)手。【即學(xué)即用】 (襄陽(yáng)中考) Great！Our women's volleyball team the gold medal in Rio Olympic Games on Saturday!3 Yes. We see the great spirit of Chinese women's volleyball team once again! A. won B. beat C. lost D.missed2. against prep.倚；碰；撞(1) against 在此處作介詞，意為"碰；撞”。Eg. The child knocked his head against the tree.那個(gè)小孩把頭撞到樹上了。 (2) against 作介詞，還可意為”倚著，靠著”。Eg. The worker put the ladder against the wall.這個(gè)工人把梯子靠墻放著。 【拓展延伸】against 作介詞，還有以下意思： 與相反，逆We were walking against the strong wind. 反對(duì)They're against building a factory against here. 與比賽我們頂著大風(fēng)行進(jìn)。他們反對(duì)在這里建一個(gè)工廠。Our class are much sure to win the basketball game against Class Three. 班的籃球比賽。【即學(xué)即用】 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思完成句子。我們班一定能贏得這次與三We are all _ his idea. He stood with his back _ the door.我們都反對(duì)他的想法。 他背靠門站著?？键c(diǎn)六： Kate realized her bag was still at home. 凱特意識(shí)到她的包還在家里。 (教材 P37 1c) realize v. 理解；領(lǐng)會(huì)；認(rèn)識(shí)到realize 作及物動(dòng)詞，其后可接名詞、代詞或從句作賓語(yǔ)。 realize 一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。Eg. He didn't realize his mistake.他沒認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤。Listening is important in learning English, but he doesn't realize it.聽力對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)說(shuō)很重要，但他沒有意識(shí)到。The man laughed when he realized what had happened. 當(dāng)那個(gè)人意識(shí)到發(fā)生了什么時(shí)，便笑了起來(lái)。 【拓展延伸】realize 還可意為 “實(shí)現(xiàn)”，主語(yǔ)一般是人，后面常接 dream，goal 等名詞作賓語(yǔ)。 In the end, Tim realized his dream. 最終，蒂姆實(shí)現(xiàn)了他的夢(mèng)想。【即學(xué)即用】 (西寧中考) Last Thursday when I got to the station，I _ I had left my ticket at home. A. understood B. realized C. believed D. seemed考點(diǎn)七：My parents did not talk after that, and we finished the rest of our dinner in silence. 我的父母 之后誰(shuí)都沒有說(shuō)話，我們默默地吃完了晚飯。(教材 P38 2b)1. the rest of其余的；剩余的the rest of 后接名詞或代詞。"the rest.”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與 of 后的名詞或代詞的數(shù)保 持一致。Eg. Tim is writing, while the rest of the students are reading.蒂姆在寫字，而其他的學(xué)生在讀書。(are 與 students 保持一致)My bangs were cut short, but the rest of my hair was still long.我剪短了劉海，但其他頭發(fā)還是很長(zhǎng)。(was 與 hair 保持一致)2. in silence沉默；無(wú)聲 ?？键c(diǎn)She stared at me in silence.她一聲不響地盯著我看。4【拓展延伸】silent 作形容詞，意為”沉默的；無(wú)聲的；寂靜的"。keep silent 意為"保持沉默"。 Eg. The house was silent because everyone was asleep. 房子里很寂靜，因?yàn)槊總€(gè)人都睡著了。 【即學(xué)即用】(2019·襄陽(yáng)中考) How strange! You sit in your room for a long time, Li Ming. I just want to be quiet for a while. I'm sorry, Dad. I failed the test again.A. in silenceB. in person C. in public D. in fact能力提升訓(xùn)練一、單選。( ) 1. The rain beat _ her face as she walked through the wind and rain.A. At B. against C. in D. from( ) 2. When the expert gave a talk, the meeting room was very quiet. All of us listened to him _.A. in a wayB. in surpriseC. in silenceD. in a mess() 3. I _ how difficult its going to be, but we must try.A. RealizeB. wonderC. hopeD. explain( ) 4. (杭州中考)Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily _the windows.A. belowB. across C. behindD. against( ) 5. _ Tom! It's time to get up and go to school.A. Wake upB. Make upC. Grow upD. Look up( ) 6. I bought a magazine _ I was waiting for the train.A. as soon asB. afterC. untilD. while( ) 7. Diana is so careful that she always looks over her exercises to there are no mistakes.A. find outB. make sure C. come up with D. look for( ) 8. Mary won first prize in the competition. She said she made several terrible mistakes.A. I think so. B. You're welcome. C. You must be kidding. D. It doesn't matter. 二、根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容，在空白處填入恰當(dāng)?shù)木渥?，使?duì)話完整、通順。A: Hi, Rose! I heard a car accident happened near your house yesterday evening. Did you see it?B: Yes, of course. It was terrible.A: (1)_?B: At about 8:00 p.m.A: (2)_?B: Two cars crashed (碰撞) because the drivers drove too quickly.A: Were the drivers hurt?B: Yes, but not seriously.A: (3)_?B: People who were walking by took them to the hospital as soon as possible.A: (4)_?B: I was taking a walk with my mother.A: Did you help do anything?5B: (5)_. I called the police.三、補(bǔ)全短文。glad, but, write, story, mean,start, wait, good, I, about, seeToday I went to my daughters school and gave a talk about kindness to 60 kids and their teachers. After a small talk about the (1)_ of kindness, I gave them a task I told them to write a small story (2)_ an act of kindness they did before and how that made them feel. Then I would choose the (3)_ one and share it with all the people the next week.When I was waiting for my daughter, I (4) _ some teachers walking by and I hoped they would tell me if they liked the talk or not, (5) _ they didnt say anything.Then a little boy came to me and said, “You know, I enjoyed the talk today.”“Then are you going to write a lovely (6)_?” I asked. “Im not good at (7)_,” said the boy. So I explained that I would be (8)_ if he could just write a word or two about an act of kindness.He didnt have time to talk to me because his friends were (9) _ for him, but in my heart it was a beautiful act of kindness. The act that he stopped to let (10)_ know he enjoyed my talk made me very happy.6