Unit 2 English around the world自主學(xué)習(xí)！學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)清單： 對(duì)于要學(xué)的知識(shí)做到心中有底，這樣才能更好的安排自己的學(xué)習(xí)步驟和學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間，愿知識(shí)清單能夠更好的幫助你進(jìn)行我們將要熟悉的話題： American English British English standard English我們將要掌握的詞匯及詞組： elevator petrol gas official voyage native apartment actuallyAD base gradual vocabulary spelling latter identity fluent fluently Singapore Malaysia frequent frequently usage command request expression midwestern African Spanish eastern southeastern northwestern recognize lorry Houston Texas accent catfish lightning Straight block cab Because of come up at present make use of such as play a part in我們將要運(yùn)用的語言功能： 1. 命令和請(qǐng)求( command and request) Correct your spelling mistakes.Would you please speak more slowly?2.語言交際困難（Difficulties in language communication）Pardon? I beg your pardon ? I dont understand Could you say that again, please? Sorry I cant follow you.Could you repeat that, please?How do you spell it, please?3. 感謝（thanks）Thanks so much 我們將要學(xué)習(xí)的語法知識(shí)： 直接引語和間接引語(2): 祈使句和感嘆句1. 祈使句“Please sit down and have a rest ."She asked us to sit down and have a rest.2.感嘆句He said ,“What a lovely day it is !” He said what a lovely day it was.(或He said that it was a lovely day.)Warming up and Reading課前自主預(yù)習(xí)方案 I. 重點(diǎn)單詞 (能花十分鐘把I和 II兩部分的單詞和詞組在課本中查出來并寫上嗎？相信自己能夠做到！查完了別忘了讀一讀記一記哦) 1. (n)電梯；升降機(jī)（同義詞） 2. （n）（英）汽油 （同義詞） 3._(adj.)官方的；正式的；公務(wù)的； (n)辦公室 （n.）政府官員 4. _ (n) 航行；航海 5. _( adj.)本國的;本地的 （n.)本地人；本國人 _ 6. _ (n)（美）公寓; （同義詞） _ 7. _ (adj.)逐漸的; _ (adv.)8. _（adj.）實(shí)際上；事實(shí)上_（adv） 9. _（adj.）流利的；流暢的（adv）_ 10._( adj.)頻繁的；常見的（adv）_II. 重點(diǎn)短語 1. more _one kind 不止一種 2. _the world 全世界 3. _ some important ways 在一些重要方面 4. a large number_ 大量的，許多的 5. _ fact 事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上 6. because _ 因?yàn)?；由?7. come_ 走近；上來；提出 8. _ present 現(xiàn)在 9. Make use_ 利用；目前10.such _ 例如；像這種的III. 語篇導(dǎo)讀1） 閱讀The Road to Modern English, 然后完成下面的表格。(這是細(xì)節(jié)題，人人可以做到，不信試試看啊，試著在5分鐘之內(nèi)完成，你就很棒了！) Time Factsbetween AD 450 and 1150English was _ 1_ English spoken today.between about AD 800 and 1150.English became less like _ 2 _.In the 1600'sShakespeare made use of _3_ than before.In the 18th century _4 _ people brought English to _5 _.From 1765 to 1947English became the language for _6 _ in India.todayMore people speak English than ever before. The number of people _7 _ in China _8 _rapidly. 2) 挑戰(zhàn)自我 根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容將下面短文補(bǔ)充完整。(這題是拔高題，考你的記憶能力、理解能力，試著在10分鐘之內(nèi)讀完課文然后關(guān)書填空，挑戰(zhàn)一下自我啊！)English is a _1_spoken all around the world. For more than 375 million people in countries _2_ _3_the United Kingdom and the United States. English is their _4_language .Another 375 million people learn English as a second language._5_,most people learn English at school as a foreign language.The English language is also _6_by most international organizations as their working language,as well as in international trade and tourism. Most foreigners visiting _7_are either businessmen or tourists.If their _8_ speak Chinese ,they use English to communicate with Chinese people.In global（全世界的) culture, for_9_,the Internet or popular music,English is widely used. In the homes,we will be speaking Chinese with our family,but we will be _10_ English with people around the world for our work.課堂自主學(xué)習(xí)方案 要點(diǎn)探究 I. 詞匯知識(shí) 1、voyage n C航行，航海 Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that , English began to be spoken in many other countries. 在17世紀(jì)英國人開始往世界其他地區(qū)遷移。于是，許多的別國家開始說英語。潛心辨析：voyage/journey/travel/tour/trip voyage指乘船作水上旅行，也可指空中旅行。journey范圍較廣，指有預(yù)定地點(diǎn)的水陸空單程長(zhǎng)、短途旅行，其中著重指長(zhǎng)距離陸上旅行。travel 常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。泛指旅行各地，表示旅行路途遠(yuǎn)，時(shí)間長(zhǎng)?？勺鲃?dòng)詞。trip 一般用語，指任何方式，業(yè)務(wù)或游覽旅行，著重于短途，口語中可與journey互換。Tour 指以游覽、視察、購物等目的的旅行，含有回到原出發(fā)點(diǎn)的意思。 小試牛刀：He decided to make _. 他決定乘飛機(jī)去紐約旅行。 He got seasick _. 在航行中他暈船了。He is going to make a round-the-world tour.他要周游世界。 The travels of Marco polo is one of the most interesting books that I have ever read.馬可波羅游記是我讀過的最有趣的書。This trip was cancelled because of the snowstorm.由于暴風(fēng)雪，行程取消了。2、 because of 因?yàn)?；由?I was wet because of the rain. 因?yàn)橄掠?，我的衣服都濕了?We won the game because of his participation. 由于他的參與，我們贏了比賽。 潛心辨析：because of/becauseBecause of 是復(fù)合介詞，表原因，意為“因?yàn)椤保蠼用~、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、名詞性從句，在句中作狀語。Because 是從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，表主句根本原因。表原因的短語還有due to，owing to，thanks to，on account of，as a result of 等。Due to 不用于句首。All of this is_ you. 這所有的一切都是因?yàn)槟?。They hurried on _ it was getting dark.因?yàn)樘焐淹?，他們匆匆趕路。小試牛刀：My success is due to your help.我的成功是由于你的幫助。_his effort ,it is more successful than we have expected. 多虧他的努力，事情取得了比我們預(yù)期更大的成功。3、come up 靠近，接近，上來，發(fā)生，升起，長(zhǎng)出地面，發(fā)芽 I'd like to come up to your apartment. 我想到你得公寓坐坐。 The snowdrops are just beginning to come up. 雪蓮花剛長(zhǎng)出地面。 I'm afraid something urgent _;I won't be able to see you tonight.我很抱歉今晚有急事，不能見你了。潛心辨析：come up/come up with come up 被提出，其主語是被提出的內(nèi)容，無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。come up with 提出，主語是提出者，賓語是被提出的內(nèi)容。come to 總計(jì)，達(dá)到 come on加油，(催促）快點(diǎn)來吧 come along 過來，快點(diǎn)come out 暴露，出版 come about 發(fā)生，造成 come across 碰見，（偶然）發(fā)現(xiàn)小試牛刀：Come on. Let's get some sleep.走，咱們睡覺去She _some old photographs in a drawer.她在抽屜里偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)一些舊照片。4、 actually adv. 實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上（=in fact） Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other . 事實(shí)上不同的文化交流滲透時(shí)，所有語言都會(huì)變化發(fā)展。Believe it or not，he actually won. 信不信由你，他真贏了。The tree looks high and strong but _ its trunk is hollow . 這棵樹看上去又高又壯，實(shí)際上樹干是空的。5、 be based on/upon 以 為根據(jù)。 其主動(dòng)形式為 based on/upon 以某事物作為另一事物的根據(jù)。 It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. 當(dāng)時(shí)的英語更多的是以德語為基礎(chǔ)，而我們今天所說的不是。 This news report _.這篇報(bào)道完全是以事實(shí)為根據(jù)的。The film _a novel by Lu Xun. 這部電影以魯迅的小說為藍(lán)本。There is a hole in the base of container.容器底部有個(gè)洞。That company has offices all over the world，but their base is in Paris. 那家公司的辦事處遍布全球，但其總部在巴黎。 6、at present 目前，現(xiàn)在 At present，he is on holiday. 目前，他正在度假。 He is free at present，and you can go to him for advice.他現(xiàn)在有空，你可以向他咨詢。 思維拓展：Present sth. to sb. = present sb.with sth. 把某物贈(zèng)給某人Present作前置定語意為“現(xiàn)在，當(dāng)前的”；作后置定語意為“出席，到場(chǎng)的”。 Thirty guests _ at the ceremony. 30位客人出席了這次典禮。 There are twenty children present.在坐的有20個(gè)孩子。 The children _ flowers _ their teacher.孩子們獻(xiàn)花給老師。7、make use of 利用；使用 So by the 1600's Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. 到十七世紀(jì)，莎士比亞所用的詞匯量比任何時(shí)候都大。We must _ to study. 我們必須利用每一分鐘去學(xué)習(xí)。 You can make any use of it as you like. 這個(gè)你隨便用。思維拓展：看看還有哪些跟make use of相關(guān)的詞組make good use of 好好利用 make the best use of 善用，充分利用make full use of 充分利用 make the most use of 盡量利用make use of 中use 常用作先行詞，make of 放在后面坐use 的定語。 小試牛刀：We should encourage him to _ his talent. 我們應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)他充分發(fā)揮他的才能。8、latter adj.后半的，（兩者中）后者的 The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling. 后者體現(xiàn)了美式英語的不同特色。 Jane and Mary are good friends；the former is a teacher，and the latter is a nurse. 簡(jiǎn)和瑪麗是好友，前者是老師，后者是護(hù)士。 Of the two ，_is better than _ .兩者中，后者比前者更佳。9、such as 例如；像這樣的English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa.在新加坡、馬來西亞及一些非洲國家，如南非，人們也說英語。Children like sweet foods such as chocolate.孩子們喜歡巧克力之類的甜食。No one trusts _a man _ him.沒人相信他那樣的人。潛心辨析：such as/for example/that is1. such as 用于列舉事物時(shí)放在所列舉事物與前面的名詞之間，且直接跟列舉事物，無需逗號(hào)，它所列舉事物不能等同于前面所提事物總和。2. for example 主要用于舉例說明，其位置靈活，可位于句首，句中，句末，前后多用逗號(hào)隔開。3. that is相當(dāng)于namely ，意為“即”，它所列舉事物總量等于前面所提到事物總和。 小試牛刀：He has been to many countries _Singapore，Canada and Australia. 他去了很多國家，比如新加坡，加拿大和美國。There are similar words in many language，_，in French and Italian. 在很多語言中有類似的詞，例如法語和意大利語。 My daughter chose two subjects on Sunday，that is，Chinese dancing and piano. 我女兒周日選修了兩門課程，即中國舞蹈和鋼琴。 難句剖析 1. Do you know that there is more than one kind of English? 你知道世界上不只有一種英語嗎？More than 在本句中意為“超過，多于”后常接表示數(shù)目的名詞，相當(dāng)于over。Ive known David for more than 20 years 我認(rèn)識(shí)戴維二十多年了。思維拓展： more than one 后跟可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，盡管在概念上表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，但它作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)?！癿ore than名詞”表示“多于，不僅僅”；“more than形容詞”相當(dāng)于“很，非?！?；“not more than意為“最多” “至多”，相當(dāng)于at the most；not more than意為“不如，更”，表示的是一種比較。No more than 意為“僅僅”“只有”，相當(dāng)于only；no more than意為“和一樣都不”，表示對(duì)兩者同時(shí)否定。 China Daily is_a paper，It helps us to improve our English 中國日?qǐng)?bào)不僅僅是一份報(bào)紙，它還幫助我們提高英語。All his income adds up to _（僅僅）500 yuan a month。2. In some important ways they are very different from one another。在一些重要方面，他們彼此差別很大。way n路線；方法；途徑way 是可數(shù)名詞，單數(shù)形式可加a 或其它跟定詞，亦可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示“在方面；以方式”，常用介詞in。 only in this way can you work out the problem。 只有使用這種方法你才能解決問題。歸納總結(jié)：in the way 擋道 in a way 某種程度上 in on way 絕不 by way of 途徑 by the way 順帶一提way后接定語時(shí)有3種方式：1、 way to do sth2、 way of doing sth3、 waythatin which省略clause（關(guān)系詞都分在定語從句中作狀語）小試牛刀：_（順便問一下），where has he gone？I will buy some bread_（在回家的路上）。3Why not go by underground？ 為什么不坐地鐵去呢？Why not do ？是個(gè)常用句型，用來提建議，意為 “為什么不?”思考：what about？和how about？也用于提建議，它之后的動(dòng)詞是什么形式？小試牛刀：How about _？我們?nèi)ビ斡驹鯓樱?Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English 以英語作為母語的人，即使他們所講的語言不盡相同，也可以相互理解。句中even if是個(gè)連詞短語，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，含義是“即使，盡管”。讓步狀語從句的動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來假設(shè)。Even if 相當(dāng)于even though，兩者意思一樣，用法相同。潛心辨析：even ifthough與as ifthough前者引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“即使”，“盡管”；后者引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，意為“仿佛”“好像”。 I can still remember，_it was so long ago It seems_our team is going to win5. For example，India has a very large number of fluent English speakersChina may have the largest number of English learners潛心辨析：a number of/the number of1、a number of 意為“一些，若干”，后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Number前可用large，great等詞修飾。2、the number of 意為“的數(shù)量”中心詞是number，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞須用單數(shù)形式。小試牛刀：_students in our school _from the countryside 我們學(xué)校很多學(xué)生來自鄉(xiāng)下。_cars _increasing in our country 我國汽車數(shù)在增加。6. Only time will tell 只好由時(shí)間作答了。該句是一個(gè)省略句，完整句是：Only time will tell whether Chinese English develops its own identity，為避免與上句重復(fù)而省略tell后的賓語從句。Will Jack be able to return home ？Only time will tell 杰克能否回到家鄉(xiāng)，只能由時(shí)間回答了。課后自主反思與測(cè)評(píng) 課后自主反思 同學(xué)們，經(jīng)過了課前自主預(yù)習(xí)和課堂自主學(xué)習(xí)之后，相信你一定有了一些收獲吧，是掌握了必須學(xué)習(xí)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)? 或是掌握了一些學(xué)習(xí)上的技巧與方法? 或者還有什么有待改進(jìn)的地方？在下面動(dòng)筆寫寫吧，善于總結(jié)的學(xué)生才是會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生！這一階段我學(xué)會(huì)了這樣一些語言知識(shí)：?jiǎn)卧~和詞組：_ _ _ _ 語法點(diǎn)： _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 這一階段我突破了這樣一些重難點(diǎn)：_ _ _ 這一階段我覺得還需要提高的是：_ _ _ _ _ 42No living man all things can. 世上沒有萬事通。課后自主測(cè)評(píng) C級(jí)測(cè)評(píng)：（高樓大廈平地起，你能很踏實(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，很好！請(qǐng)?jiān)?分鐘內(nèi)完成）I. 單詞拼寫1. The ship sank on its long _(航行).2. He had lost his _(身份) card and was being questioned by the police.3. The President was leaving for a four-day _ (正式的) visit to Mexico4. _(事實(shí)上), on second thoughts, I dont think I will go out with him.5. Do you want to take the _(電梯) or use the stairs?6. In America a flat is called an _(公寓)7. You can use your _(橡皮) to remove pencil marks.8. She speaks _ （流利的) though not very correct French.9.There has been a _(逐漸的) change in climate.10. Celebrations are planned for the _(較后面的) part of November.II.用所給短語的正確形式填空be based on; at present; because of; because; in some ways; such as; make use of; more than; come up; fluently1. She can speak Italian_.2. This film _ a novel by D.H.Lawrence3. I decided to go with them, mainly _ I had nothing better to do.4. It is partly _ her sick mother that she hasnt taken the job abroad.5. Im sorry hes out_.6. You can _ your talents to become rich as well.7. I know many of them, _John, Peter, and Tom.8. He rang to say he would be late home-something _ at the office .9._a quarter of the students never finished their courses10. As you see, we look the same_.B級(jí)測(cè)評(píng)：（學(xué)貴在用，你能運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)，又向前跨了一步！如果能在15分鐘內(nèi)完成就更好了）I.單項(xiàng)填空1. I will never speak to anyone like that _ they say something unpleasant to me.A.because B.as if C.even if D. since2.A lot of countries have gained excellent achievements in space technology, China_. A.such as B.for example C.namely D.and so on3.He looks honest, but _ he often tells lies. Ain a fact B. in an actual fact C.as matter of fact D.actually 4.You type mostly anything into the space provided on Google and in a second it _ with thousands of references.A.catches up B.comes up C.ends up D.puts up 5.Time made a _ to the Great Wall during the summer holiday.A.voyage B.trip C.journey D.tour6.The world market price of coal is _ relatively low ,but it is certain to change in the future. A.at present B.at the present C.in present D.in the present7.We should consider what use can be made _ such a material .A.of B.from C.up D.in8.Many questions _ at the meeting, but he answered none.A.raised B.were risen C.came up D.asked 9.More than one _ the people heart and soul.A.official has served B.officials have served C.official has served for D.officials have served for10.China Daily is _ a paper. It helps to improve our English.A.more than B.no more than C.not more than D.no more11.Almost everybody present felt unhappy_What he had said.A.as B.because C.because of D.since12.Ever minute_ spoken English.A.was made use of to practise B.was made use of practisingC.was made use of to practise D. was made use to practise13.They keep horses and cattle, the former for riding, _ for food.A.latter B.the latter C.later D.the later14.I used to earn _ than a pound a week when I first started workA.a little B.a few C.fewer D.less15.When the thief found the police had already _him. He ran away quickly.A.realized B.known C.recognized D.staredII.閱讀理解 How to say hello in Japanese depends on when you say it. This is very much like different greetings used in English at different times of the day or night. In Japanese culture, it also depends on whether you are on the phone or meeting somebody or whether you are close to the person you are greeting. We dont get formal with our close friends. We seldom greet them with “Good morning “ or “Good evening”. A “Hi” is enough.Although the most popular and most well-known translation for “Hello” is still “Konnichiwa”, it is not exactly how to say hello in Japanese. Perhaps it is not the most suitable word for it. Actually, the correct greeting in English for “Konnichiwa” is “Good day” or “Good noon,” and I am sure you wouldnt like greeting people with a “Good day” at any time, and neither do Japanese like saying “Konnichiwa” when they want to say “Hello”.So what to do? Lets do it the way the Japanese do. Use “Ohaiyo Gozaimasu” for “Good morning”, “Konnichiwa” when its noon and “Konbanwa” to greet somebody in the afternoon. Things differ when you are on the phone. Just say “Moshi, Moshi”, which is actually similar to saying “Hello” over the phone, because one hardly ever uses “Good morning” or “Good evening” right after picking up the phone. It is invariably the sweet old “Hello”.Next time, Ill tell something about my life in a Japan.1. What is the best title for this passage?A. How to say hello in Japanese. B. How to greet close friends in Japanese.C.How to greet people in Japanese. D.Some difference between English and Japanese.2. Japanese people greet each other by saying“_”in the afternoon.A.Moshi,Moshi B.Konnichiwa C.Ohaiyo Gozaimasu D.Konbanwa3. In the writers opinion,_.A.Japanese culture is similar to American culture B.Japanese people dont like using “Konnichiwa” as a greeting for the whole day.C. people dont need to be police to their close friendsD.Japanese people are very friendly to each other 4. What does the Underlined word “invariably” in the last paragraph mean?A.Probably B.Always C.Sometimes D.Likely 5. We can learn from the passage that the writer_.A.is from Britain B.lived in Japan for some time C.is working in a radio station now D.knows both Japanese and ChineseA級(jí)測(cè)評(píng)：(你很了不起！能夠選擇做A級(jí)測(cè)評(píng)題，因?yàn)檫@是一部分拔高題。如果能夠在5分鐘完成就更好了！)完成句子，根據(jù)漢語意思用上括號(hào)中所給的單詞完成句子。1.-Have you _(想出了一些好的主意)?(come)2.The English spoken in the the United States is