英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)，即主動語態(tài)（the Active Voice）和被動語態(tài)（the Passive Voice）。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。如：English is spoken by many people.當(dāng)我們不知道或沒必要提到動作的執(zhí)行者是誰或者強(qiáng)調(diào)突出動作的承受者時，常用被動語態(tài)。（1）一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)（2）一般過去時的被動語態(tài)（3）一般將來時的被動語態(tài)（4）一般現(xiàn)在時帶情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)考點一 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動詞be 有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化，其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動詞時完全一樣。被動語態(tài)的肯定式、否定式及疑問式列表如下：句式句式句型結(jié)構(gòu)句型結(jié)構(gòu)例例 句句肯定句肯定句主語主語+be+過去分詞過去分詞+（by）He is often asked to do this work(by his boss).否定句否定句主語主語+be not+過去分過去分詞詞+（by）I am not invited to the party(by him).一般疑一般疑問句問句Be+主語主語+過去分詞過去分詞+（by）？）？Are your clothes washed by yourself?特殊疑特殊疑問句問句疑問詞疑問詞+be+主語主語+過過去分詞去分詞+（by）？）？What is this sweater made of?考點二 被動語態(tài)的用法：(1)不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰，不用by動作執(zhí)行者短語。如：Such books are written for children.這些書是為兒童寫的。(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者，這時應(yīng)用by短語。The cup was broken by David.這個杯子被大衛(wèi)打碎了。(3)做客觀說明時,常采用一種被動語態(tài)句型：Its/was said/believed/reported/+that 據(jù)說/據(jù)報道 如：Its reported that about three hundred people were killed in this earthquake.考點四 使用中應(yīng)注意的幾個問題(1)有兩個賓語的句子的被動語態(tài)（直接賓語，間接賓語）常見的接雙賓語的動詞有：give,teach,pay,tell,buy,show,lend,write,pass等。通常這種句子可以改為以“人”當(dāng)主語和以“物”當(dāng)作主語的兩種被動語態(tài)。如：He gave me a book.I was given a book by him.(以I做主語)A book was given to me by him.(以物book作主語)5.He teaches us English._(以人當(dāng)主語以人當(dāng)主語)_(以物作主語以物作主語)We are taught English(by him).English is taught to us(by him).（2）英語中有“十大動詞”的說法，即feel,hear,listen to,have,make,let(讓、使),look at,watch,see,notice，這些詞在主動語態(tài)中，其后的動詞不定式不加to，但在變被動語態(tài)時必須加to。如：I saw him go into the office building.He was seen to go into the office building.6.I heard John leave the room._.John was heard to leave the room.（3）動詞短語變被動語態(tài)時，不能去掉構(gòu)成短語動詞的介詞或副詞。這類動詞短語有：look after,look at,take care of,put up,take away,go over,pay attention to,cut down,laugh at等。如：They take good care of my child.=My child was taken good care of(by them).I turned off the radio.=The radio was turned off.7.Sally worked out all the problems._.8.You cant take the magazines out of the reading room._.The problems were worked out(by her)The magazines cant be taken out of the reading room（4）有些動詞表被動意義,不強(qiáng)調(diào)動作。特別主語為物時。常見的動詞有sell,write,wash等。如：These novels wont sell well.這些小說不好賣。This kind of cloth washes easily.這種布容易洗（5）連系動詞如feel,look,smell,taste,sound等用主動形式表被動。如：The fish tastes good.(6)不及物動詞happen,take place沒有被動語態(tài)。如：Great changes have taken place in Dongguan in the last few years.()9.The old man was quite weak after the accident,so he_.A.must look after B.must be taken care C.must be looked after D.must take care of()10.A model ship _his son by Mr More.A.was made for B.was made to C.made for D.makes for()11.This kind of sweater _very soft.A.is felt B.feels C.feel D.is feeling()12.Though he had often made his little sister _,today he was made _ by her.A.cry;to cry B.crying;crying C.cry;cry D.to cry;cry()13.When_ the accident _?A.was;happened B.has;happened C.was;happening D.did;happen()14.This kind of recorder _well.A.has been soldB.is soldC.sellsD.will be soldg.want/need/require+動名詞用主動表被動。如：The door is broken,it needs repairing.=The door is broken,it need to be repaired.門壞了，需要修理?？键c五 記住一些常用詞組:1.被用來做某事 be used for doing sth.2.由制造 be made of/from+(原材料)3.在某地制造 be made in(a place)4.裝滿 be full of/be filled with sth.5.被覆蓋 be covered with6.據(jù)說 Its said that 7.被迫做某事 be made to do sth.8.被聽到作某事 be heard to do sth.9.被看見作某事 be seen to do10.被某人使用 be used by sb.備考過程中要熟練掌握四種被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法。要注意：1.要分析主語和謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系，判斷使用主動還是被動語態(tài)；2.用在句子的時間狀語決定了被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)；3.注意一些特定動詞所帶賓補(bǔ)中to的回歸；4.熟記不能用于被動語態(tài)的動詞及短語；5.系動詞用主動形式的系表結(jié)構(gòu)表被動。