,The Object clause,賓語從句,一、賓語從句的概念,賓語從句即句子作賓語，而不再是一個詞或短語作賓語。 I like my teacher.（名詞作賓語) I know him .（代詞作賓語） I know Mr. Li teaches English.(句子作賓語） She asked if these answers were right. 包含賓語從句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)： 主句+連接詞（引導(dǎo)詞）+賓語從句,二、賓語從句三要素：,連 接 詞,時 態(tài),語 序,（一）連接詞,1.that 2.whether/if 3.連接代詞 who whom whose what which 4. 連接副詞when why where how,1.由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,注：that 在句中無詞匯意義，在從句中不能充當(dāng)成分， 在口語當(dāng)中往往省略,e.g. I hear (that) _. （一小時后他會回來） He said (that) _. （他非常想念我們） The teacher told us (that) _. （地球圍著太陽轉(zhuǎn)）,he will be back in an hour,he missed us very much,the earth moves around the sun,注意：當(dāng)從句是客觀真理的時候，無論主句什么時態(tài)，從句一律用一般現(xiàn)在時,2.if/ whether “是否”，用它引導(dǎo)從句， 說明對陳述的事物不明確或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 等后。原句為一般疑問句，選擇疑問句或反意疑問句。 Could you tell me if (whether) Miss Brown lives in that house?,If 與whether 的區(qū)別,I dont know _ he will come or not. I dont care of _ he is handsome. He wondered _ to stay here the next week. _ he will come is not decided.,與or not 連用只能用whether,介詞后只能用whether,與to do 不定式連用只能用whether,作主語只能用whether,3.當(dāng)從句原本是特殊疑問句時，用以下連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)： what, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, how, why, how far, how long, how many, how much, how often 作用：連接主句和從句，并在從句中擔(dān)任句子成分，具有一定的意義。 eg:I didnt hear what he wanted me to do. I want to know who is that young man. Tom asked us when we would start.,（二）語序：陳述句語序,（三）時態(tài)： 主句用現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，從句可用任何時態(tài)。 主句用過去時，從句用與過去相關(guān)的時態(tài)。,即：主句+連接詞+從句（主+謂+其他成分）,Do you still remember what he said? (他說的什么)?,特殊情況：,1.從句說明的是一般真理、客觀事實(shí)、自然現(xiàn)象、名言時，任用現(xiàn)在時。 Dad told us that it is better to do than to say. He told the boy that three and three is six. Could you tell me where the bookshop is. 2.從句中有具體時間狀語，即使從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作前，仍然用一般過去時。 The teacher told me she was born in 1960.,三、賓語從句注意事項(xiàng),(一)當(dāng)從句的原句為以下句子以及what, who作主語時，語序不變： Whats wrong? Whats the matter? Whats happening? eg: I dont know whats the matter. Can you tell me who is over there?,(二)只能用whether不能用if的情況,1.在介詞后面： Im thinking of whether we should go fishing. We didnt think about whether it would rain the next day. 2.在動詞不定式前： They asked me whether to sit at the front.,3.當(dāng)與or not連用，或提出兩種選擇 時: I dont know whether hes free or not. Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not. Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room. 4.賓語從句提前時： Whether this is true or not, I cant say.,5.在動詞discuss后的賓語從句中: We discussed whether we would have a sports meeting next week. 6.引導(dǎo)表語從句或位于句首的主語從句用whether： Whether he is right or wrong is a question. The question was whether he went there last night.,(三)用if不用whether的情況:,1.引導(dǎo)否定概念的賓語從句時： He asked me if I hadnt finish my homework. 2.引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，if意為 “如果”時: Well go hiking if it doesnt rain tomorrow.,三 、賓語從句與簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)換 （一）當(dāng)賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同，且主句的謂語動詞是hope, wish, decide, agree, choose 等時，從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。 eg: (1) I hope that I can receive your e-mail. I hope to receive your e-mail.,(二）當(dāng)賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同，且主句的謂語動詞是know, remember, forget, learn 等時,從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。 eg: (2) She doesnt know what she should do next. She doesnt know what to do next.,(三）當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是ask, tell, show, teach 等時，從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。 eg: (3) Will you please show me how I can work it out? Will you please show me _. (四）當(dāng)直接引語為祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，用ask/tell/order sb. (not) to do sth 結(jié)構(gòu)。 eg: (4)A: Please be quiet. B: What did Bill say? A: He asked us to be quiet.,how to work it out,四、否定轉(zhuǎn)移 在含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，當(dāng)主句的主語為第一人稱，謂 語動詞是think， believe, guess, suppose等時，要將從句的否定 詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動詞用否定式，賓語從句的謂語動 詞用肯定式。 eg: (5)I dont think he will come with you. 注意：這種句子在其后接附加問句時，要特別小心。 eg: (6) I dont believe he has finished the work,_? (7) He knew why Jim wasnt at school ,_? 解析：例6，當(dāng)主句的主語為第一人稱時，附加問句的主語由賓 語從句的主語充當(dāng)。 例7，如果主句的主語非第一人稱時，則附加問句的主語 由主句的主語充當(dāng)。,has he,didnt he,句子類型,that,陳述句,一般疑問句,if/whether,特殊疑問詞,特殊疑問句,賓語從句三件事， 時態(tài)語序連接詞； 主從時態(tài)要一致， 陳述語序才合適； 一般問句做從句， 連接詞if別忘記； 特殊問句做賓從， 特殊問詞莫漏掉。,歌訣助學(xué),知識鏈接,有了以上的知識作基礎(chǔ)，練練你的能力，相信你一定能作對這些題。,1. I want to know _ _he can be here on time. A. who B. when C. where D. if 2. Could you tell me _? A. what your mother do B. what does your mother do C. your mother does D. what your mother does 3. Did you know _ a sports meeting next Saturday ? A. there would have to be B. if there were C. if there was going to be D. there was going to have 4.Tell me _ , please. A. How old is he B. how old he is C. he is how old D. how old does he,一選擇填空,D,D,C,B,5. I asked him whether he _ how to pronounce this word. A. knows B. knew C. has known D. will know 6. Dick said that he _ in a train to Washington at seven yesterday . A. ride B. would ride C. was riding D. had ridden 7. Peter said that he _ the way to the chemists shop. A. does not know B. did not know C. do not know D. did not knew 8. He said that he _ the next day . A. will set off B. set C. would set off D. wont set off 9. The teacher told us that the earth _ round. A. is B. was C. were D. be 10.He thinks he is right ,_? A. does he B. doesnt he C. is he D. isnt he,B,C,B,C,A,B,Say the sentences right or wrong? I say that taking care of the environment is important. I said that I go to school by bike. I told him that a lot of fish have already died. He said that he will return the next week. Mr Smith thought that the train is like a big moving party. She thinks that she had won the match.,R,W,W,W,W,W,The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be) The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go) Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. I hear they _ (return) it already. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be) He asked what they _ at eight last night. (do) The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel) I think you _ about the murder now. (talk),will be,goes,were playing,have returned,had been,travels,are talking,were doing,Exercise: fill in the blanks,9.I didnt know whom the letters _ from. (be) 10. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write) 11. Mr Wang told me that the earth _ (move) round the sun. 12. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take) 13. Ling Feng told me he _ there several times. (be) 14. Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise) 15. Can you tell me what they _ yesterday? (do),wrote,moves,has taken,had been,rises,did,were,Do you know _? A. where does she live B. she lives where C. where she lives D. where she live 2. His parents wanted to know what he _at that time. A. is doing B. was doing C. has done D. will do,C,B,鞏固練習(xí)：,4Lilys mother looked for her for half an hour, but could not find _? what Lily was B. what was Lily C. where Lily was D. where was Lily,C,3.We dont know _. - It is said that he was born in Canada. what he is B. when he was born C. where he comes from D. if he lives here,C,5. The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.,A. took B. take C. takes D. will take,6. Linda said the moon_ round the earth.,A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled,A,C,7. Could you please tell me _ he will come here tomorrow? A. if B. weather C. what D. which,A,8. Could you tell me _?,A. when will they leave Beijing,B. when would they leave Beijing,C. when they will leave Beijing,D. when did they leave Beijing,C,改錯：,1.Miss Zhang asked me why was I late for school.,Miss Zhang asked me why I was late for school.,2.Father told me the sun always rose in the east.,Father told me the sun always rises in the east.,3.He doesnt know that when she can come back.,He doesnt know when she can come back.,The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be) The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go) Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. I hear he _ (return) it already. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be) He asked what they _ at eight last night. (do) The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel) I think you _ about the relay race now. (talk) I didnt know whom the letters _ from. (be),will be,goes,were playing,has returned,had been,travels,are talking,were doing,10. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write) 11. Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move) round the earth. 12. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take) 13. Ling Feng told me he _ to several times. (be) 14. Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise) 15. Can you tell me what they _ yesterday? (do),wrote,moves,has taken,has been,rises,did,賓 語 從 句 小 結(jié),一.結(jié)構(gòu) 1. 當(dāng)陳述句作賓語從句時, 結(jié)構(gòu):主句+that + 主語 +謂語部分 2. 當(dāng)一般疑問句作賓語從句時,結(jié)構(gòu):主句+ if(whether) +主語 +謂語部分 3.當(dāng) 特殊疑問句作賓語從句時,結(jié)構(gòu):主句+特殊疑問詞+主語 +謂語部分 二主從時態(tài)關(guān)系 主句 從句 一般現(xiàn)在時 一般過去時 3.(特殊):任何時態(tài) (客觀、自然現(xiàn)象) 三.語序：陳述語序,時態(tài)不變,時態(tài)相應(yīng)變化,一般現(xiàn)在時,