Grammar FocusHave you read Little Women yet?Yes,I have./No,I havent.Has Tina read Treasure Island yet?Yes,she has.She thinks its fantastic.Have you decided which book to write about yet?Yes,I have.Ive already finished reading it.It was really good.現(xiàn)在完成時：現(xiàn)在完成時：表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或保存的狀態(tài)。動作或保存的狀態(tài)。結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)：主語主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞一般疑問句一般疑問句：have/has?Yes,I have.No,I havent.Yes,she has.No,she hasnt.1.現(xiàn)在完成時動詞構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時動詞構(gòu)成have/has+v 過去分詞過去分詞助動詞助動詞否定否定haventhasnt疑問疑問Have you?Has he?常與下列時間狀語連用：常與下列時間狀語連用：just,already,yet,ever,never,before,several times1.過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。和和already，never,ever,just,before,yet等狀語等狀語連用。連用。2.過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，常與常與for或或since引起的一段時間狀語連用。引起的一段時間狀語連用。動詞構(gòu)成：動詞構(gòu)成：have/has+v過去分過去分詞詞have breakfastI have just had my breakfast.(現(xiàn)在我不餓現(xiàn)在我不餓)Im not hungry nowmoved herein 2004I still live hereI have lived here for three years.I have lived here since 2004/three years ago.nowpast2.現(xiàn)在完成時動詞可以表示開始于過去持續(xù)現(xiàn)在完成時動詞可以表示開始于過去持續(xù) 到現(xiàn)在到現(xiàn)在(也許還會繼續(xù)進行下去也許還會繼續(xù)進行下去)的動作或狀態(tài)。的動作或狀態(tài)。1)I have studied English since last year.我從去年開始學習英語。我從去年開始學習英語。2)She has lived in Beijing for five years.她住在北京已經(jīng)五年了。她住在北京已經(jīng)五年了。注意注意:come,go,leave,arrive,buy,lose,receive,join,die,bury 和和marry 等動詞所表示的動作是等動詞所表示的動作是一時的一時的,不能延續(xù)的不能延續(xù)的,故不能與故不能與for,since 等開頭的表示一段時間的狀語連用。不過等開頭的表示一段時間的狀語連用。不過,這些這些詞用于否定句則可以與表示持續(xù)的時間狀語連用，詞用于否定句則可以與表示持續(xù)的時間狀語連用，即動作的不發(fā)生是可以持續(xù)的。即動作的不發(fā)生是可以持續(xù)的。不能說不能說:*He has come to Beijing for two years.*He has bought that book for three weeks.*He has joined the Army for one and a half years.*His grandma has died for nine months.*I have received his letter for a month.可以說可以說:He has been in Beijing for two years.He has had that book for three weeks.He has been in the army for one and a half years.His grandma has been dead for nine months.I havent received his letter for almost a month.或者說：或者說：It is two years since he came to Beijing.It is three weeks since he bought that book.It is one and a half years since he joined the Army.It is nine months since his grandma died.3.現(xiàn)在完成時把過去的動作和現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果聯(lián)系起來，現(xiàn)在完成時把過去的動作和現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果聯(lián)系起來，一般過去時只限于表示過去的動作本身一般過去時只限于表示過去的動作本身,與現(xiàn)在與現(xiàn)在 的結(jié)果無關(guān)。的結(jié)果無關(guān)。現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時在意義上現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時在意義上 的區(qū)別舉例如下：的區(qū)別舉例如下：I have cleaned my room.(My room is clean now.)我已經(jīng)打掃過我的房間了。我已經(jīng)打掃過我的房間了。I cleaned my room last week.(I did it in the past.)我上周打掃了我的房間。我上周打掃了我的房間。Father has gone to Amoy.(He went to Amoy and he is not here now.)爸爸已經(jīng)去廈門了。爸爸已經(jīng)去廈門了。They have bought a dictionary.(They bought a dictionary and they have it now.)他們買了一本字典。他們買了一本字典。注意注意:現(xiàn)在完成時不能和明確指出時間的狀語現(xiàn)在完成時不能和明確指出時間的狀語(如如:yesterday,last,year,in 1976,two days ago,just now,when she came in 等等)連用連用，但可以和不明確指出時間的狀語但可以和不明確指出時間的狀語(如如:already,yet,ever,never,sometimes,always,often,before,once,twice,recently,lately等等)連用連用；也可以和表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間狀語也可以和表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間狀語(如：如：today,this morning,this week,this year等等)連用連用。(1).for+表示表示一段一段時間的短語時間的短語 (2).since+表示表示過去時間點過去時間點的詞語的詞語 (3).since+表示過去時間的時間狀語表示過去時間的時間狀語從句從句eg.I have been a teacher _ a year.He has been at this school _ 1992.We have learned 1,000 English words _ we came to this school.forsincesince現(xiàn)在完成時句中常見的時間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時句中常見的時間狀語A.表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,不能是具體不能是具體 的過去時間。的過去時間。everjustalreadyyete.g.Have you _been to Japan?I have _ finished my homework.I have finished my homework _.I havent finished my homework _.B.just,already,yet,before/ever,never有此有此類副詞時類副詞時,常強調(diào)動作完成常強調(diào)動作完成,不強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)不強調(diào)動作的持續(xù).already“已經(jīng)已經(jīng)”;yet “仍然仍然,還還”這兩個副詞常常用于完成時態(tài)這兩個副詞常常用于完成時態(tài),其中其中already 常用于肯定句常用于肯定句,yet常用于否定句和疑問句中。常用于否定句和疑問句中。如如:Jim has already finished his work.Jim已經(jīng)把他的工作做完了。已經(jīng)把他的工作做完了。Mother hasnt come home yet.媽媽還沒回來。媽媽還沒回來。Havent you read The Call of the Wild yet?你還沒讀過你還沒讀過野性的呼喚野性的呼喚嗎？嗎？She has already finished her work.她已經(jīng)把工作做完了。她已經(jīng)把工作做完了。I havent read the story yet.我還沒讀過這個故事。我還沒讀過這個故事。Have you met him before?你從前曾見過他嗎？你從前曾見過他嗎？Lily has always been a good student.Lily一直是個好學生。一直是個好學生。比較：比較：I have seen him this morning.我上午看見他了。我上午看見他了。(說話時在上午說話時在上午)I saw him this morning.今天上午我遇見了他。今天上午我遇見了他。(說話時可能是下午或者晚上說話時可能是下午或者晚上)It has been cold this winter.今天冬天一直很冷。今天冬天一直很冷。(說話時仍是冬天說話時仍是冬天)4.現(xiàn)在完成進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時都可以表示都可以表示“從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”這一概念這一概念,有時有時兩者可以互相代用兩者可以互相代用,但前者多用于口語。但前者多用于口語。在含義上如著重表示動作的結(jié)果時在含義上如著重表示動作的結(jié)果時,多用現(xiàn)在多用現(xiàn)在完成時完成時;如著重表示動作一直在進行如著重表示動作一直在進行,即動作即動作的延續(xù)性時的延續(xù)性時,則多用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。則多用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。一般不能用于進行時的動詞也不能用于一般不能用于進行時的動詞也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成時行時?，F(xiàn)在完成時行時。現(xiàn)在完成時：現(xiàn)在完成時：表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去開始一直延作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或保存的狀態(tài)，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或保存的狀態(tài)，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，況，不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用（如：不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用（如：in 1990in 1990，last Sunday last Sunday 等）。等）。一般過去時：一般過去時：一般過去時只表示過去的動作或狀一般過去時只表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系（即動作或狀態(tài)在現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系（即動作或狀態(tài)在現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束），它可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用。結(jié)束），它可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別：與一般過去時的區(qū)別：have/has+V過去分詞過去分詞I have waited for him for many times.我等他等了好幾次了。我等他等了好幾次了。I have been waiting for him for an hour.我等他等了一小時。我等他等了一小時。He has drunk six cups of coffee.他喝了六杯咖啡。他喝了六杯咖啡。He has been drinking coffee.他一直在喝咖啡。他一直在喝咖啡。改寫句子改寫句子1.My father came back from the bookshop just now.My father _ just _ _ the book shop.2.He began to learn Chinese in 2001.He _ _ Chinese since 2001.3.The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ since two minutes ago.4.He has had the motorbike for two years.Its two years _he _ the motorbike.He _ the motorbike two years _.Two years _ _ since he _ the motor bike.hasreturned fromhaslearnedhas been on sinceboughtboughtagohas passedbought1.A:Would you like something to drink?B:No,thanks._ (just/drink some tea)2.A:I heard you lost your key._?(find)B:No,not yet.3.A:Do you know when Tom is leaving?B:_.(already/leave)4a.Use the words in brackets to complete the conversations.Ive just drunk some teaHave you found itHe has already left A:When _?(leave)B:This morning.4.A:Is your sister going to the movies with us tonight?B:No._.(already/see the film)5.A:What do your parents think about our plan?B:I _.(not/tell them/yet)did he leaveShe has already seen the filmhave not told them yetSally_(love)reading.In the morning,she reads the newspaper and in the evening she reads books.She _ already _(read)more than 100 different books!Her favorite kind of books is science fiction.She is interested in science and technology and loves to imagine4b.Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in brackets.loveshas readwhat the world _(be)like in 50 years.She _(finish)reading a book about robots last week and _(write)a book report about it next week for her French class.Every time she is in the library,Sally looks at the many books she_(not read)yet and she cant wait to read them!will befinishedwill writehas not read4c.Complete the chart with information about you and a friend.A:What books have you already read?B:Ive already read Tom Sawyer and Harry Potter.A:What do you think of them?B:Well,I think Harry Potter was exciting,but Tom Sawyer was a bit boring.YouYour friendCommentsBooks I have already readMovies I have already seen Songs I have already heardsinceforHomework Try your best to learn more about the usageof has/have done.Then make conversationswith the books name in this unit.