111Unit 3 Travel journal核心單詞1. persuadevt.說服；勸服；使相信(同convince)常用結(jié)構(gòu)：persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事persuade sb. to do sth. 說服某人做某事persuade sb. into doing sth. 說服某人做某事persuade sb. out of doing sth. 說服某人不要做某事persuade sb. that-clause 使某人相信聯(lián)想拓展talk sb. into/out of doing sth.=reason sb. into/out of doing sth.說服某人做/不做某事trick sb. into/out of doing sth. 誘使某人做/不做某事urge sb. into/out of doing sth. 慫恿某人做/不做某事 易混辨析 advise/persuadeadvise 強(qiáng)調(diào)“勸告，建議”的動(dòng)作，不注重結(jié)果；而persuade強(qiáng)調(diào)“已經(jīng)說服”，重在結(jié)果。用法上：advise可跟v.-ing形式作賓語，也可以接that-clause （that sb. should do）,而persuade則不能。I persuaded him of its truth. 我使他相信這是真的。 We will persuade him to take the medicine. 我們將說服他把藥吃下去。We persuaded her into taking the job. 我們說服她接受了這份工作。 I persuaded my father out of smoking.我勸服父親戒了煙。 She persuaded me that death does not end all.她說服我相信了死并不能結(jié)束一切。 He persuaded her to go to school, even though she did not want to. 即使她不想去上學(xué)，他還是說服她去了。He advised that we (should) leave early.他建議我們?cè)琰c(diǎn)出發(fā)。 高手過招單項(xiàng)填空Alice trusts you; only you can her to give up the foolish idea. （2010·安徽合肥八中檢測(cè)）A. suggest B. attract C. tempt D. persuadeMr Li no longer smokes now because his wife him to give up smoking last year. （2010·江蘇常州檢測(cè)題）A. suggested B. advisedC. persuaded D. told解析：選D。句意為：愛麗絲信任你，唯有你能說服她放棄這種愚蠢的想法。persuade sb. to do sth. 說服某人做某事;suggest勸說、建議，后不接動(dòng)詞不定式;attract 吸引;tempt 誘惑，引誘，均不符題意。故選D項(xiàng)。解析：選C?？疾閍dvise sb. to do sth.和persuade sb. to do sth.的區(qū)別。advise sb. to do sth. 意思是“勸某人做某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，尤其是表達(dá)“勸而不服”時(shí)多用此結(jié)構(gòu)；persuade sb. to do sth.意思是“勸服某人做某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。2. determine vt. (使)決定,決心要;確定常用結(jié)構(gòu)：determine + n. / pron.決(確)定determine to do sth.決定做某事 (表示動(dòng)作，是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞短語)determine onupon .決定determine thatwhat .決定determine sbto do sth.使某人決定做某事determine sb. against sth.使某人決定不做某事be determined to do sth.決心做某事 (表示狀態(tài)，可與表示時(shí)間段的狀語連用)We determine to go to the railway station at once.我們決定立刻去火車站。The court determined that the man was guilty of assault. 法庭裁定那個(gè)人犯了侵犯人身罪。 That determined her against leaving home. 那件事使她決定不離開家了。聯(lián)想拓展determined adj. 堅(jiān)決的，有決心的determination n. 決心I was determined to make it as a jazz musician. 我決定要成為一名爵士樂音樂家。 溫馨提示be determined to do與determine to do 意思基本一致，但前者表示狀態(tài)，可與某段時(shí)間狀語連用；后者表示動(dòng)作，是非延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞短語。類似的短語還有：prepare forbe prepared for，worry aboutbe worried about。這類結(jié)構(gòu)?？疾榉衷~作狀語的用法。高手過招單項(xiàng)填空He left school early and as an adolescent, to make his fortune in America. （2010·江蘇城頭中學(xué)一輪檢測(cè)）A. is determined B. had be determined C. determined D. determining解析：選C。考查determine的用法。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)使用be determined to結(jié)構(gòu)，此處determined為形容詞作伴隨狀語。3. insist v. 堅(jiān)持；堅(jiān)決要求You can come back later, if you insist.如果你一定要堅(jiān)持，就稍后再來吧。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：insist on/upon sth./(sbs) doing sth.堅(jiān)持某事/要求（某人）做某事insist that .(should)堅(jiān)持I still insist on my viewpoint. 我仍然堅(jiān)持我的觀點(diǎn)。He insisted on paying for the meal. 他堅(jiān)持要付飯錢。Mother insisted on our washing the clothes by ourselves. 媽媽堅(jiān)決要求我們自己洗衣服。溫馨提示insist當(dāng)“堅(jiān)決要求”解時(shí)，后面的從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，即謂語部分用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”或直接用動(dòng)詞原形；如果insist當(dāng)“堅(jiān)持（認(rèn)為；說）”解時(shí)，后面的從句不用虛擬語氣。 高手過招單項(xiàng)填空The man insisted a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. （原創(chuàng)）A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in findingI advised that he to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he quite well then.（2010·山東壽光一中一輪檢測(cè)）A. be sent; was feelingB. was sent; feltC. be sent; feelD. should be sent; should feel解析：選C。insist on doing sth.是習(xí)慣搭配，意為“堅(jiān)持做某事”。解析：選A。advise引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞不管什么人稱都應(yīng)用should do; should也可以省去，只用動(dòng)詞原形表述事實(shí)。insist在此處意為“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”。故選A。4. once用法較多，意思也比較豐富，既可以用作連詞，也可以用作副詞。once用作連詞時(shí)，意為“一旦就”，連接時(shí)間狀語從句，相當(dāng)于as soon as。once用作副詞時(shí)，意為“曾經(jīng)；一度；從前”。它是一個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間副詞，其位置一般是在行為動(dòng)詞之前，系動(dòng)詞之后。once用作副詞，也可意為“一次”。Once you start, you will never give up. 一旦開始了，你就不要放棄。Physics is easy to learn once you understand the rules. 一旦你理解了規(guī)則，物理就不難學(xué)了。Once he lived in America, but now he lives in England. 他曾經(jīng)居住在美國(guó)，但現(xiàn)在他生活在英國(guó)。His song was once very popular among the young people. 他的歌曾經(jīng)在年輕人中很流行。The old professor comes to see us once a week. 那個(gè)老教授一周來看我們一次。Tell us the story once more.把那個(gè)故事再給我們講一遍。聯(lián)想拓展at once 立刻；馬上once again再一次；又一次（相當(dāng)于once more）all at once突然（相當(dāng)于suddenly)once upon a time很早以前；從前once in a while偶爾；間或once/as soon asonce偏重于條件，而as soon as偏重于時(shí)間。Once you see the film, youd never forget it(不宜用as soon as).你一旦看了這部電影，你就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記它。As soon as he got off the plane, we wanted to say hello to him(不宜用once).他一下飛機(jī)，我們就想向他打招呼。 高手過招單項(xiàng)填空 environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem (生態(tài)系統(tǒng)) to recover. （原創(chuàng)）A. Even if B. If only C. While D. Once you understand this rule, youll have no further difficulty. （2010·山東煙臺(tái)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)）A. Once B. Unless C. As D. Until解析：選D。句子為once引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“一旦；一就”。句意為：一旦環(huán)境遭到損害，就需要許多年才能使生態(tài)系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)。even if引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管”。if only意為“要是就好了”，引導(dǎo)從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語氣。while意為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”，引導(dǎo)從句的謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。故選D。解析：選A?？疾橛蒾nce引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“一旦”。句意為：一旦明白了這條規(guī)則，就再也沒有困難了。5. view n. 風(fēng)景；視野；觀點(diǎn)；見解 vt. 觀看；注視；考慮The house has a view over the sea. 這座房子面向大海，視野開闊。What is your view on school punishments?你對(duì)學(xué)校的處罰有什么看法？The plan was viewed favorably.這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃是受到稱贊的。聯(lián)想拓展in ones view 在某人看來come into view 進(jìn)入視野，看得見in full view (of sb./sth.) 完全看得見in view of sth. 鑒于，考慮到，由于with a view to sth.to doing sth.為了，指望Several possible buyers have come to view the house.幾個(gè)可能是買主的人來看過房子。 高手過招單項(xiàng)填空On the top of this mountain, you can get a wonderful of the nearby hills. （2010·山西太原五中檢測(cè)）A. sight B. view C. distance D. look解析：選B。get a view of為固定搭配，意為“看到的景象”。 重點(diǎn)短語6. care about關(guān)心；擔(dān)心；在乎；喜歡I really care about my work. 我真的關(guān)心我的工作。聯(lián)想拓展care for 喜愛；照顧；重視 take care 當(dāng)心take care of 照料; 關(guān)懷; 處理under the care of由管理, 在的照料下, 在的保護(hù)下with care 小心, 慎重She doesnt care for that colour她不喜歡那種顏色。 He spent years caring for his sick mother他數(shù)年里一直在照顧生病的母親。I do care for what my teacher says.我的確尊重老師說的話。高手過招（1）單項(xiàng)填空That old man is so greedy(貪婪的) that he nothing but money, not even his relatives. （原創(chuàng)）A. look about B. search forC. cares about D. takes care of（2）完成句子 （原創(chuàng)）他一點(diǎn)也不關(guān)心別人，只想著自己。He doesnt care other people at all; he is always thinking of himself.愛因斯坦對(duì)金錢不感興趣，對(duì)薪水也不計(jì)較。Einstein who cared little money never cared his salary.(1)解析：選C。考查短語辨析。look about到處看；search for尋找，相當(dāng)于look for；care about關(guān)心；在乎；take care of照料。(2)aboutfor; about7. change ones mind改變主意Maybe youll change your mind after thinking it over. 也許你仔細(xì)考慮之后會(huì)改變主意。聯(lián)想拓展make up ones mind (to do) 下定決心（做某事）have a/no mind to do 有/無意做lose ones mind 失去理智read ones mind 看出某人的心思speak ones mind 直言不諱be of the same mind 意見一致be in/of two minds 拿不定主意give ones mind to 注意keep ones mind on 專心于take ones mind off sth. 轉(zhuǎn)移某人的注意bear/keep sth. in mind 記住某事bring/call sth. to mind 回憶某事put ones mind to sth. 全神貫注于某事I have made up my mind to leave, and nothing you say will change it. 我已經(jīng)下定決心要離開，不管你說什么我都不會(huì)改變主意了。Ive made up my mind to be a doctor. Nothing will make me change my mind.8. give in 屈服，讓步，投降；上交聯(lián)想拓展give in (to sb./sth.) 向讓步give up sth./doing 放棄（做）某事 give away 贈(zèng)送；泄露 give back 歸還；恢復(fù)give off 放出，散發(fā)(光、熱、煙、氣味等)give out分配；分發(fā)；發(fā)布；（食物，燃料，電力等）被用光；筋疲力盡Seeing that he could not persuade me, he had to give in (to my view). 由于無法說服我，他不得不讓步。Our food supply at last gives out.我們的食物終于用完了。His strength gave out.他已筋疲力盡。 高手過招單項(xiàng)填空 It is always the husband who first when a quarrel breaks out between the young couple. （2010·山東聊城檢測(cè)）A. give away B. gives out C. gives in D. gives off解析：選C?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語辨析。句意為：當(dāng)年輕夫妻之間發(fā)生爭(zhēng)吵時(shí)，最先讓步的總是丈夫。give away 贈(zèng)送，泄露，出賣；give out 分發(fā)，用完，消耗盡；give in 投降，屈服，讓步；give off 放出，散發(fā)出。重點(diǎn)句型9. Which kind of transport do you prefer to use: bus or train? 汽車和火車，你更喜歡使用哪種交通方式？prefer to do (rather than do) 意為“寧可；寧愿（表選擇）”或者“更喜歡做某事”。 其本身帶有l(wèi)ike better的含義，所以不能再與表示程度的better或more連用。聯(lián)想拓展prefer sth. 喜歡某事/物prefer doing sth. 更喜歡做某事prefer+to do sth. （表示特定場(chǎng)合下）更喜歡做某事prefer sb. to do sth. 寧愿某人做某事prefer A to B/prefer doing A to doing B寧愿而不愿prefer to do A rather than do B 寧愿做A而不愿做Bprefer + that-clause (虛擬語氣)+(should) +do喜歡做某事Do you prefer cooking for yourself or eating in a restaurant? 你是喜歡自己做飯還是下館子？ Their father prefers them to be home early. 他們的父親寧愿他們?cè)琰c(diǎn)回家。 I prefer writing a term paper to taking an examination. 我寧愿寫一篇學(xué)術(shù)論文也不愿參加考試。He preferred to die rather than become a traitor. 他寧死也不做叛徒。Would you prefer that I（should）come on Monday instead of on Tuesday? 你寧愿讓我星期一來而不是星期二來嗎？ 高手過招單項(xiàng)填空My sister singing dancing while I dance sing. （原創(chuàng)）A. prefers; to; would rather; thanB. would rather; than; prefer; to C. prefers; rather than; would rather; toD. would rather; to; prefer; to 解析：選A。考查固定搭配。prefer的搭配是prefer to do rather than do或prefer doing to doing；would rather的搭配是would rather do than do或would do rather than do，因此A項(xiàng)正確。 10. When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience. 當(dāng)我告訴她那里空氣稀薄，呼吸困難，而且天氣很冷時(shí)，她卻說這將是一次有趣的經(jīng)歷?！?the air would be hard to breathe .”是“主語+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中不定式的謂語與主語在意義上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但要用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，不定式后面如果是不及物動(dòng)詞要在其后加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~與主語構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。這一類的形容詞通?？梢悦枥L主語的情緒、態(tài)度、品質(zhì)屬性或者難易程度，如hard, difficult, easy, nice, interesting, important, pleasant和comfortable等。 Your writing is impossible to read. 你寫的字太難辨認(rèn)了。Do you think the water is safe to drink?你認(rèn)為這水喝起來安全嗎？The chair looks rather hard, but it is very comfortable to sit on. 這把椅子看上去很硬，但坐起來很舒服。高手過招完成句子 （原創(chuàng)）有時(shí)候她很不容易理解。She was difficult at times. 他是唯一一個(gè)被授予這種榮譽(yù)的外國(guó)人。He was the only foreigner such an honour. to understand to be given11. A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is. 有決心的人總是努力完成工作，不管它有多么難。no matter how .引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“無論多么”，how后跟形容詞或副詞，相當(dāng)于“however + adj./adv.”句式。聯(lián)想拓展no matter意為“無論；不管”時(shí)，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，常用于下列句型中：no matter what (who/when etc. ). 分別表示“無論何事”、“無論何人”、“無論何時(shí)”等，這個(gè)從句可以置于主句之前，也可以置于主句之后。no matter后接關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句在句中作讓步狀語。 注意：whatever, however, whoever etc.可引導(dǎo)狀語從句，也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。No matter what happened, he would not mind. =Whatever happened, he would not mind. 不管發(fā)生什么，他都不在意。（錯(cuò)）Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyre given. （對(duì)）Prisoners have to eat whatever theyre given. 囚犯?jìng)冎荒芙o什么吃什么。No matter how hard he works, he can not get a promotion. 不管他工作多努力, 他就是得不到提升。No matter what you do, you must be very careful. 不管做什么事，你都必須非常細(xì)心。 No matter who you are (=Whoever you are), Ill never let you in.無論你是誰，我絕不讓你進(jìn)去。 No matter which you choose(=Whichever you choose), you will be satisfied. 不論你選擇哪一個(gè)，你都會(huì)滿意的。 No matter where I go (=Wherever I go), I will be thinking of you. 無論我去哪里，我都會(huì)想著你。 高手過招單項(xiàng)填空 the problem may be, we must solve it ourselves.（2010·山東威海一輪驗(yàn)收）A. Whatever difficult B. How difficult C. However difficult D. No matter what difficultIt is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants. （2010·山東棗莊檢測(cè)）A. however B. whateverC. whichever D. whenever解析：選C。句意為：不管問題有多難，我們都要獨(dú)立解決。 difficult為形容詞，因此用how修飾，表示程度。however在這里沒有轉(zhuǎn)折的意思，相當(dāng)于no matter how，因此答案為C。解析：選B。考查從屬關(guān)聯(lián)詞的用法。whatever等于anything that或everything that，引導(dǎo)賓語從句。whatever一方面起引導(dǎo)詞的作用，同時(shí)作從句中wants的賓語。111