（直擊高考）2013高考英語 語法重難點(diǎn)系列 專題10 名詞性從句考點(diǎn) 在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(Noun Clauses），引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的詞叫連詞。 名詞性從句又分別稱為: 主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句主語從句：是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句，常放在謂語動(dòng)詞之前或者用形式主語it代替，將其本身放在句尾。 例如：1. That he came here just now has been proved. 他剛才來的這里得到了證實(shí)。 解析：That he came here just now在謂語has been proved的前面，所以是主語從句。 2. Its true that we are going next week. 我們下星期走是真的。 解析：真正的主語是 that we are going next week，前面的it是形式主語。賓語從句：在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞（及物動(dòng)詞）和介詞之后。例如：1. We all know what he is. 我們都知道他是干什么的。 解析：what he is作及物動(dòng)詞know的賓語從句。 2. His worry is about whether he can succeed. 他的擔(dān)憂是關(guān)于他是否能成功。 解析：whether he can succeed作介詞about的賓語從句。表語從句：在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動(dòng)詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語+聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞+表語從句例如：1. His question is where he can buy a house. 他的問題是他能在哪里買房子。 解析：where he can buy a house是聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞is后面的表語從句。 2. This is why we cant get their support. 這就是我們得不到他們支持的原因。 解析:why we cant get their support是聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞is后面的表語從句。同位語從句：是用以說明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的，它與被修飾的詞語通?？梢詣澋忍?。例如：We heard the news that our team had won. 我聽說了我們球隊(duì)獲勝的消息。 為了思維的連貫性，此專題我們不以從句的分類來講，而以連詞的分類講。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連詞主要有以下幾類：1.具有詞匯意義的連詞 （what, how, who, when, where, why,whose, which）2.沒有詞匯意義的that（that在句中沒有如何意義，只起連詞的作用）3.if/whether （是否）4.具有雙重身份的what5.疑問詞+ ever（whatever、whoever、whomever、however、whenever、wherever、whichever）一、具有詞匯意義的連詞 1. I know when he was born. 我知道他什么時(shí)候出生的。 2. Where he lives is known to us all. 他住在哪里我們大家都清楚。 3. My question is how you came to school. 我的問題是你怎樣來的學(xué)校。 4. He told us why she was late. 他告訴我們她為什么遲到。 5. Please let me know what you are . 讓我們知道你是干什么的。 6. Which team will win isnt clear. 哪只隊(duì)將要贏還不清楚。 從上面的例句我們可以看出上述引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連詞都具有詞匯意義。 二、that的用法1.I know that your name is Tom. （賓語從句） 我知道你名字叫湯姆。2.The news that they won the match excited us very much. （同位語從句）他們獲得了比賽勝利的消息使我們都非常興奮。3. That he often helps my sister makes me happy. （主語從句） 他經(jīng)常幫我妹妹使得我開心。4.My demand is that you (should ) try to study hard. （表語從句）我的要求是你們盡力努力學(xué)習(xí)。 從上述四個(gè)句子我們可以看出that在句中不具有任何詞匯意義，也不充當(dāng)任何成分。一）that引導(dǎo)主語從句常用it作形式主語的情況：（should) do.（因?yàn)槠鋭?dòng)詞都是表“建議、命令、要求、主張、決定”等）動(dòng)詞原形的虛擬語氣。1） 老師建議我們早上早起。 The teacher suggests that we (should) get up early in the morning. (賓語從句）2） 我們決定你們下個(gè)星期去郊游。 We have decided that you (should) go for an outing next week.(賓語從句）3） 班長要求我們的家庭作業(yè)盡早地交上去。 The monitor demands that our homework (should) be handed in as soon as possible. （賓語從句）3. It+特殊動(dòng)詞+ that從句常見動(dòng)詞有:occur, happen, seem, turn out，come about1）It seems that.（好像。） a. It seems that you object to his idea . 好像你反對他的想法。 b. It seems that he has been to Japan. 好像他去過日本。 2）It happens that.(碰巧。） a. It happens that we all like physics,so we always have much to talk with each other. 碰巧我們都喜歡物理，所以我們常相互有許多話談。 b. It happened that we went to visit the factory last week too . 碰巧我們也是上個(gè)星期去參觀的那家工廠。 It doesnt happen that.=It happens.not.（碰巧不。） a. It happened that he was not in yesterday. = It didnt happen that he was in yesterday. 碰巧他昨天不在家。 b. It happened that I didnt have any money on me then,either.= It didnt happen that I had any money on me then ,either. 碰巧當(dāng)時(shí)我身上也沒有帶錢。 4）It turned out that .（結(jié)果是。） a. It turned out that my answer was wrong.= My answer turned out (to be) wrong . 結(jié)果我答案是錯(cuò)的。 b. It turned out that it was a sunny day.= It turned out (to be)a sunny day. 結(jié)果是個(gè)大晴天。5）How does/did it come about that.?（。是怎么回事？） a. How did it come about that you didnt play football ? 你沒有踢足球是怎么回事？ b. How does it come about that you often come late ?你常遲到是怎么回事？ c. I want to know how it comes about that you dont like him.我想知道你不喜歡他是怎么回事。4. Its said/reported/consideredthat從句（據(jù)說/據(jù)報(bào)道/據(jù)認(rèn)為。） a. 據(jù)說/認(rèn)為/報(bào)道你是個(gè)好醫(yī)生。 It is said/considered/reported that you are a good doctor. You are said/considered/reported/to be a good doctor.b. 據(jù)說他們正在國外踢球。 It is said that they are playing football in a foreign country.They are said to be playing football in a foreign country.c. 據(jù)認(rèn)為那本書翻譯成了英語。 It is considered that the book has been put into English. The book is considered to have been put into English.以上句子的考點(diǎn)在綠色部分的變體：主要考句中動(dòng)詞不定式的形式（一般式、進(jìn)行式和完成式等）,如果是一般性的就用一般式，正在進(jìn)行就用進(jìn)行式、已經(jīng)完成就用完成式。二）that引導(dǎo)賓語從句1.一般動(dòng)詞后面直接跟賓語從句 a. He told me (that )you came from Wuhan. 他告訴我他是武漢人。 b.Yesterday we knew (that )he had been to that village three times.昨天我們知道他去過那個(gè)村莊三次了。 c. They hear( that ) a hospital will be built in their hometown. 他們聽說在他們家鄉(xiāng)將修一家醫(yī)院。3. 動(dòng)詞find(發(fā)現(xiàn)、覺得），feel（感覺、覺得），consider（認(rèn)為）、think （認(rèn)為），make（使得），believe（相信）等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，it作形式賓語，that從句放在后面。 a. We find it hard that we must finish the work in three days. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們必須在三天內(nèi)完成工作難。 b. Please make it clear to everyone that they are innocent. 必須讓人人都清楚他們是清白的。 c. I believe it true that he will come here tomorrow. 我相信他明天要來這里是真的。d. Do you think it fair that he wasnt punished last week ? 你認(rèn)為他上個(gè)星期沒有受到處罰公平嗎？e. They consider it my duty that I look after my students well. 他們認(rèn)為我好好照顧我的學(xué)生是我的職責(zé)。f. I feel it easy that they clean the classroom three times a day . 我感覺他們一天掃三次教室容易。 但是如果賓語從句是what（雙重身份）類時(shí)，則不可以用ita. We consider what you said (to be)reliable. 我們認(rèn)為你說的可靠。b. We found what we had learned (to be) valuable. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我學(xué)的有價(jià)值。c. Do you think what I bought yesterday (to be)cheap? 你認(rèn)為我昨天買的便宜嗎？except/but/besides that(除之外）是例外1) He works hard in that he wants to go to a good college.他刻苦學(xué)習(xí)在于他想上一所好大學(xué)。2) He stood there still except that his lip moved. 他除了嘴唇在動(dòng)，一動(dòng)不動(dòng)地站在那里。6.賓語從句中that不可省略的使用情況：引導(dǎo)賓語從句中的that 通常可以省略，但是在下列情況下不能省a. 一個(gè)動(dòng)詞后面跟有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語從句時(shí) , 最后一個(gè)從句前的that不能省 I know (that) you are very clever and that you always work hard. 我知道你很聰明你很用功。b. 當(dāng)that從句作learn, suggest, explain , agree, prove, mean, feel, state等動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí) I learn that he has arrived. 我得知他已經(jīng)到了。 c. 當(dāng)賓語從句的狀語（從句）位于句首時(shí) He told me that every other day he came here. He told me (that) he came here every other day. 他告訴我他每兩天來這里。d. 當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞和賓語從句之間有插入語時(shí) He says that , if time permits, he will come to help me. 他說如果時(shí)間許可的話，他會(huì)來幫我。e. 當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是非謂語動(dòng)詞或主語從句時(shí) I know that what you need is just a book. 我知道你需要的僅僅是本書。f. 當(dāng)主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是固定詞組時(shí) He has made up his mind that he will try to catch up with his classmates. 他下決心他將努力趕上他同班同學(xué)。7.賓語從句中否定的轉(zhuǎn)移：當(dāng)主句的主語是第一人稱，謂語是think, believe, suppose等表示“意念，信念，揣測”的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，賓語從句的否定要提到主句上來，反義疑問句則要根據(jù)賓語從句的主謂進(jìn)行變化。a. I dont think your answer is right, is it? 我認(rèn)為你的答案不對，是嗎？b. I dont believe you can go next year。 我相信你明年不會(huì)去c. I dont suppose he will succeed. 我猜想他不會(huì)成功。8.賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)：當(dāng)主句的謂語是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)候，賓語從句的謂語用各種所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。a. I know (that) he lives here. 我知道他住在這里。b. I know when he was born. 我知道他什么時(shí)候出生的。c. I hear (that1)he has been a soldier for three years. 我聽說他已當(dāng)兵三年了。d. I can see (that) you are happy every day. 我能看出你每天很快樂。 當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí), 賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞必須用過去時(shí)態(tài)的某一種形式。a. He said that he was watching TV. 他說他在看電視。b. I was told when the meeting would be put off. 我被告知會(huì)議將延期。 c. She mentioned in his talk that his name was Li Ping. 他在報(bào)告中提到他的名字叫李明。但是：即使主句的謂語是一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句如果是表示客觀真理性的，格言，諺語類時(shí)， 其謂語動(dòng)詞仍然要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。a. The teacher told us knowledge is power. 老師告訴我們知識就是力量。b. When I was a boy, I knew the earth is round. 當(dāng)我小的時(shí)候我知道地球是圓的。三、if/whether（是否）的用法 四、what：在從句中具有雙重身份。即：既引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在名詞性從句中 又充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。 我父母把我培養(yǎng)成我現(xiàn)在的樣子。 解析：這里的what相當(dāng)于the person who/that7. After what seemed five years , he came . After five years，he came. 似乎過了五年之后，他來了。 解析：這里的what相當(dāng)于the time that8.Finally he went to what is called America. Finally he went to America. 最后他去了叫美國的地方。 解析：這里的what相當(dāng)于the place that9. I live in what people call Wuhan . I live in Wuhan. 我住在人們稱作武漢的地方。 解析：這里的what相當(dāng)于the place that10. A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland 10 years ago. 一座現(xiàn)代化的城市已在10年前還是一片荒地的地方建起來了。 解析：這里what相當(dāng)于the place that11. I would like to play what is called rock music. 我想演奏所謂的搖滾音樂。 解析：這里what=the thing that 五，疑問詞-ever(無論):這類詞既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句， 在引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí)可以換成no matter +疑問詞，而在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)只能用疑問詞-ever.難點(diǎn)：1. whoever/whomeverwhoever/whomever在句中相當(dāng)于anyone who/anyone that，而whomever只作賓語。 2. however 1）不管怎樣 However =No matter how you come to school, you must arrive on time. 不管怎樣來上學(xué)，你都必須準(zhǔn)時(shí)。2）形容詞或者副詞要緊跟在后面 a. However hard English is , I want to study it well.= No matter how hard English is, 不管英語多難，我都想學(xué)好。 b. However busy he is ,he will come to see me.= No matter how busy he is, 不管他多忙，他都要來看我。 c. However carefully he writes, he always makes some minor mistakes.= No matter how carefully he writes, 不管他寫得多認(rèn)真，他總是犯一些小錯(cuò)誤。3. 注意下面這類完成句子題：1）_ (不管發(fā)生什么事) , I will go. (what） 答案: No matter what 解析：在做這道題時(shí)，許多學(xué)生的答案可能會(huì)是Whatever. 在這里是引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，但 由于是要求用括號內(nèi)的單詞完成句子，所以答案就只能是No matter what 2)_ (不管你什么時(shí)候方便）, please come to my home .(when) 答案：No matter when it is convenient to you。 解析：在這里就不能是Whenever it is convenient, 理由是括號里給的是when。 七，表語從句的補(bǔ)充：1.This is where he lives. 這就是我住的地方。2.Thats where I first met her. 那就是我第一次遇見她的地方。3. Thats how he studies his lessons. 他就是這樣學(xué)習(xí)功課的。4. Thats why he didnt come. 這就是他沒有來的原因。5. This is why he ran so quickly . 這就是他跑得這樣快的原因。6. That was when I was fifteen . 這是我15歲的時(shí)侯發(fā)生的事。根據(jù)上面的例句大家注意到了where，how，when，why在引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)的中文意思。where 的意思是“的地方”、why的意思是“原因”、how的意思是“這樣”、 when的意思是“的時(shí)候”在這種情況下其句子的主語都是“this”或者“that”，否則他們的詞匯意義就會(huì)有變。1. My problem is how he can arrive so early. 我的問題是他怎樣能那樣早到。 2.His doubt is when they will finish the project. 他的疑問是他們什么時(shí)候?qū)⑼瓿赡琼?xiàng)工程。 3.What I want to know is why you always sleep in class. 我想知道的是你為什么上課總睡覺。 4.His question is where he must go. 他的問題是他必須去哪里。八、同位語從句在句中作同位語的名詞性從句叫同位語從句.它用以進(jìn)一步說明與它同位的名詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容。?？蓭徽Z從句的名詞有advice,belief,doubt,dream,hope,idea,message, news,order,possibility，promise, problem, question, suggestion, thought, truth, view,wish,word等1. The news that they have won the match is true. 他們獲得比賽勝利的消息是真的。 解析：that they have won the match是前面news的內(nèi)容。2. You are sure to live your dream that you can find a good job. 你肯定能實(shí)現(xiàn)你找到好工作的夢想。解析：夢想的內(nèi)容就是找到好工作。3. Do you remember your promise that you will buy me a computer? 你記得你要給我買臺電腦的諾言嗎？ 解析：給我買電腦就是諾言的內(nèi)容。4. Word came that he would give us a talk. 有消息說他將給我們做演講。 解析：that he would give us a talk就是前面word的內(nèi)容。注意：在某些名詞（如：demand,advice,suggestion,idea,decision,wish,order等）后面的同位語從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用（should）+動(dòng)詞原形的虛擬語氣。1. I like your idea that we (should) do some reading every day. 我喜歡你的我們每天讀書的想法。2. The suggestion that they (should)go next week is reasonable. 他們下個(gè)星期走的建議合乎情理。3. You must obey the order that you (should) drill on time. 你們必須聽從你們準(zhǔn)時(shí)操練的命令。 九、同位語從句、定語從句的區(qū)別1. 同位語從句進(jìn)一步說明前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容;定語從句則對其先行詞起修飾,限制的作用。2. 引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞沒有任何詞匯意義,也不在從句中擔(dān)任成分,但不能省略,而引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞則代表先行詞的詞義,在從句中必須擔(dān)任成分,作賓語時(shí)?？墒÷?試比較:6) 從句 ） 在暖和又常下雨的地方竹子長得很好。 解析：where在后面的句子中作狀語。十、與名詞性從句有關(guān)的常用句型1.There is no doubt that 毫無疑問（同位語從句） There is no doubt that we can succeed only by hard work. 毫無疑問只有通過努力我們才能成功。2. It is no wonder that 難怪（主語從句） It is no wonder that you both often play together. 難怪你們兩個(gè)常在一起玩。3. There is no possibility that 不可能（同位語從句） There is no possibility that it will snow tomorrow. 明天不可能下雪。 Is there any possibility that it will snow tomorrow? 明天有可能下雪嗎？4. There is no deny that 不可否認(rèn)（同位語從句） There is no deny that China is developing very quickly. 不可否認(rèn)的是中國正在迅猛發(fā)展。soon. 據(jù)說/認(rèn)為/報(bào)道/宣布不久將有狂風(fēng)暴雨。10. Its universally acknowledged that 是大家公認(rèn)的（主語從句） Its universally acknowledged that America is a superpower. 美國是一個(gè)超級大國是大家公認(rèn)的。11. What they have in common (with)is that (與.)共同之處是（主語從句） What they have in common is that they are all fat. 他們的共同之處是他們都胖。 What they have in common with me is that we are all fat. 他們和我的共同之處是我們都胖。12. It turned out that 結(jié)果是（主語從句） It turned out that all of them succeeded. 結(jié)果是他們都成功了。13. How does/ did it come about that? 是怎么回事（主語從句） How does it come about that you are so sleepy every day ? 你每天昏昏欲睡是怎么回事？14 .It happened that 碰巧（主語從句） It happened that the Taikonaut Wang Yaping was my neighbour. 碰巧宇航員王亞平是我的鄰居。15.It occurred to me that 我突然想到.（主語從句） It flashed upon me that It struck/hit me that It crowded in on me that. It crowded into my mind that. It occurred to me that I still had many words to remember. 我突然想到我還有許多單詞要記。16.What struck me most is. 給我印象最深的是. What impressed me most is. What struck/impressed me most is the way he solved the problem. 給我印象最深的是他解決那個(gè)問題的方法。高考模擬題再現(xiàn)：1. （2012高考湖北卷80）Things arent always _(appear). 事情往往不是他們看上去的那樣。 答案：what they appear (to be) 解析：這里的what既引導(dǎo)表語從句又在從句中作主語。2. （2012高考福建卷）We promise _attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever 答案：C5. office. A. whether B. where C. which D.that 答案：D解析：“他突然想到他把鑰匙掉在辦公室了”，是句型it occurred to sb. that.“某人突然想到。”。6. （2012高考北京卷）Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _he could have expressed it differently. A. why B. which C. that D. whether答案：C解析：“Jerry不后悔所做的評判，但他感覺到他本可以用不同的方式來表達(dá)的”。考查賓語從句，不差任何詞匯意義，所以選that.7. （2012高考山東卷）It doesnt matter _you pay by cash or credit card in this store. A. how B. whether C. what D. Why答案：B解析：“在這家商店你是用現(xiàn)金還是刷卡沒關(guān)系”。It是形式主語，后面考的是主語從句，根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)是whether.or.“是。還是?！?。8. （2012高考新課標(biāo)卷）It is by no means clear _the president can do to end the strike. A. how B. which C. that D. what答案：D解析：“總統(tǒng)會(huì)采取什么措施來結(jié)束罷工還不清楚”。it是形式主語，后面才是一個(gè)真正的主語從句，根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)來看，后面的句子要有一個(gè)連詞來引導(dǎo)，do后面沒有賓語，所以就只能用what,并且do what是“采取什么措施”之意。9. （2012青島統(tǒng)一質(zhì)量檢測）_is expected that it will be fine tomorrow,when we can do some outdoor activities. A. As B. It C. That D. Which 答案：B