江蘇省沭陽縣銀河學(xué)校八年級英語上冊Unit 2 School Life考點剖析與典題精講 牛津版三點剖析單詞·巧記·典句·考點 【巧記提示】 mix (混合)+-ed (規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞形式)【經(jīng)典例句】 Catherine was filled with mixed feelings of sadness and pleasure.凱瑟琳悲喜交集?！究键c聚焦】 注意mix作及物動詞時的用法及其同介詞的搭配，請看下邊的例句：The workers mixed the asphalt with sand and gravel together.工人們把瀝青和沙子、石塊混合在一起?！净顚W(xué)活用】 1.翻譯She put the sugar into the coffee and mixed them up with a spoon. 答案：她把糖放進咖啡里，用勺子把它們混合起來。【經(jīng)典例句】 These pancakes made by my mother are really tasty.我媽媽做的這些煎餅非常好吃。【考點聚焦】 1) 動詞taste作系動詞，有被動意義，相近的詞匯還有l(wèi)ook,smell,feel,sound 等。請看下面的例句：He looked proud/black/pained/pleased/satisfied.他看起來很驕傲/黑/痛苦/高興/滿意。2）形容詞tasty 和tasteful都有“格調(diào)高雅，富于鑒賞力”和“味道可口，好吃”這兩種含義。但通常tasteful更多地用于指格調(diào)高雅，而tasty更多地被用來指好吃。【活學(xué)活用】 2.選擇What delicious cakes!They would taste with butter.A.goodB.betterC.badD.worse 答案：B【巧記提示】 meal (一頓飯)meat (肉) 【經(jīng)典例句】 My mother usually cooks a hot meal in the evening.我媽媽通常在晚上煮一頓熱飯。【考點聚焦】 注意meal是可數(shù)名詞，如：three meals a day 一日三餐I've been so busy I haven't had a square meal in three days.我由于太忙,已經(jīng)三天沒吃上一頓正經(jīng)飯了?！厩捎浱崾尽?her(她的)+o（哦！）【經(jīng)典例句】 The real hero of the match was our goalkeeper.這次比賽中真正的英雄是我們的守門員。我的記憶卡英語中的一些以-o結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式需要在詞尾加-es，除了hero外，英語中還有如下一些詞匯：echoechoes(回音)；torpedotorpedoes（魚雷）；vetovetoes（否決）；negronegroes（黑人）；potatopotatoes（土豆）；mosquitomosquitoes（蚊子）；mottomottoes（座右銘）；tomatotomatoes(西紅柿)?！净顚W(xué)活用】 3.填空Americans eat a lot of (土豆),but we don't.答案：potatoes【巧記提示】 twicetwin使成對；兩倍成雙【經(jīng)典例句】 Twice two is four.二二得四。【考點聚焦】 1)twice表示“兩次”時，不和time連用。2)在表示“一兩次”時，要用or連接。如：once or twice3)還可以用來表示倍數(shù)。如：This room is twice as large as that one.這間屋子比那間大一倍?！净顚W(xué)活用】 4.1)翻譯句子我學(xué)習(xí)比你努力一倍。 2)對畫線部分提問He goes to the cinema twice a month. 答案：1)I study twice as hard as you.2)How often does he go to the cinema?【巧記提示】 pr+act(行動)+ice(冰)【經(jīng)典例句】 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。【考點聚焦】 1）注意作不及物動詞時后邊所跟的介詞。如：She's practicing on the piano.她正在練習(xí)彈鋼琴。2)practice作及物動詞時，后邊接動詞-ing形式。Jordan was practicing throwing the ball into the net.喬丹在練習(xí)投籃。【活學(xué)活用】 5.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Bob (practice) his guitar in the evening.答案：practices【經(jīng)典例句】 You may not like him,but you have got to admire his persistence.你可以不喜歡他，但你不得不佩服他那種堅忍不拔的精神?！究键c聚焦】 固定搭配：admire sb.for one's sth. 因某人的而崇拜某人We admire him for his righteousness.我們欽佩他的正直?！厩捎浱崾尽?l+east(東方的)【經(jīng)典例句】 Of two evils, the least should be taken.兩害相權(quán)取其輕?！究键c聚焦】 學(xué)習(xí)并掌握與least相關(guān)的常用短語，如：at least (至少)；least of all (尤其不)。He's going away for at least a week.他起碼一星期出去一次。I don't like rain or storms, and least of all thunder.我不喜歡下雨和暴風(fēng)雨，尤其不喜歡打雷。【巧記提示】 a- (前綴)+like (相似) 【經(jīng)典例句】 Great minds think alike.英雄所見略同。The sisters are as alike as two peas.兩姐妹長得一模一樣?！究键c聚焦】 alike作形容詞時是表語形容詞，只可以放在系動詞之后。We are much alike in character.我們的性格很相似?！窘?jīng)典例句】 When do you finish your college course?你什么時候完成大學(xué)課程？【考點聚焦】 1）注意finish與complete的區(qū)別，這兩個詞的一般含義是“做完、完成”，有時可以互換使用。然而，有時它們卻有明顯的詞義差別。finish表示過去某個時候著手做的事已經(jīng)做完，或者表示對已經(jīng)做完的事進行精密加工。finish強調(diào)的是時間的線性流動中的一個終止點，而complete則表示圓滿地完成了某項任務(wù)。另外，finish有時則暗含一種消極的結(jié)果，例如：I am finished.既可以表示“我弄好了”，又可以表示“我完蛋了”。2）finish作及物動詞時，后邊接動名詞。He has finished writing the letters.他寫完信了?！净顚W(xué)活用】 6.翻譯You should finish your homework on time. 答案：你應(yīng)該按時完成作業(yè)?！厩捎浱崾尽?pop就是popular的簡寫?！窘?jīng)典例句】 Do you like pop music?你喜歡流行音樂嗎？【考點聚焦】 popular還有“通俗的、受人歡迎”的意思。This dance is popular with young people.這種舞很受青年人喜愛。短語·巧記·典句·考點spend.doing sth.花費（一般是時間）做某事【經(jīng)典例句】 To gain teaches how to spend.量入為出?！究键c聚焦】 表示花費時間在某事上常用介詞on，如:We hope we can spend less time on homework.我們希望能夠在作業(yè)上少花些時間?！净顚W(xué)活用】 7.選擇（2010江蘇南通中考）He less time reading stories about film stars than before.A.takesB.spendsC.costsD.pays答案：B.has/ have a good/ great time doing sth.某人很愉快地做某事【經(jīng)典例句】 We had a great time watching film last night.我們昨晚看電影看得非常愉快。【考點聚焦】 have a good/great time doing sth.與enjoy doing sth.意思相近。Have a good time!可以用作表示祝福的話，意思是“玩得開心！”如：We hope you can have a good time and we will give you the best service.我們提供最優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)，并希望你們玩得開心。help sb.with sth.幫助某人做某事【經(jīng)典例句】 Will you help me with my lessons?你能幫我學(xué)習(xí)功課嗎？【考點聚焦】 表示“幫助某人做某事”用help sb.do sth.，而不可以說help sb.to do sth.，如：讓我?guī)湍阏业剿et me help you find it.()Let me help you to find it.(×)還要注意，以上help都作及物動詞，后邊跟被幫助的人，而如果help作不及物動詞，則后邊又可以跟不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。His assistant(助手) helped to make the poor man sit in a chair.他的助手幫忙，讓病人坐到椅子上。（助手直接幫助的不是病人，而是病人之外的人）【活學(xué)活用】 8.選擇1)Could you help me my English?Sure.But you must help me the washing.A.with;doB.for;doC.with;doingD.for;to doing2)What did Mrs.Green say just now?She said she us with our English sometime the next week.A.will helpB.would helpC.can help D.helped3)What did you do last week?I my mother do housework.A.helpedB.helpingC.help D.helps答案：1)A2)B3)A句子·剖析·拓展I did not know how to do things for myself before I came to this school.在我來到這個學(xué)校之前，我不知道如何做自己的事情?！酒饰觥?1）這個句子由兩個主要部分構(gòu)成，主句是“I did not know how to do things”（我不知道如何做事情），后邊是一個由before引導(dǎo)的表示時間的狀語從句“before I came to this school.”（在我來這個學(xué)校之前）。2）主句“I did not know how to do things”中，how to do things是一個由how引導(dǎo)的不定式短語，作謂語did not know的賓語。【拓展】用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的連接詞還有after,till/until,as,when,as soon as,since, when-ever,before等。The reading week is always too short because we want to read all our friends' books as well.讀書周總是太短，因為我們想要把朋友的書也全讀完。【剖析】 1）這個句子由兩個主要部分構(gòu)成，主句是The reading week is always too short “讀書周總是太短”，后邊是一個because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。2）注意because引導(dǎo)的從句要用正常語序?！就卣埂?關(guān)于原因狀語從句，請參看第六單元的語法講解部分。語法·剖析 形容詞的原級、比較級和最高級有少數(shù)形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級的變化不符合上一單元講到的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，它們的變化比較特殊，沒有固定的規(guī)律。下面以表格的形式列出這些特殊的詞匯。不規(guī)則形容詞的變化原級比較級最高級good(好的)/well(健康的)betterbestbad(壞的)/ill(有病的)worseworstold(老的)older/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many(多的)moremostlittle(少的)lesslestfar(遠(yuǎn)的)farther/furtherfarthest/furthest注意：1）elder及eldest只用在兄弟姐妹及子女的名詞前，主要表示“年長的”。older與oldest可以和任何名詞一起用于各種位置。elder，eldest及older和oldest的反義詞為younger和youngest，如：John is older than Richard.約翰比理查德年齡大。His oldest house lies on the opposite side.最老的房子在對面。He is my elder brother.他是我的哥哥。（美國用法可說 older brother）The eldest son died last year.長子死于去年。2）farther和 further都表示距離（更遠(yuǎn)），但只有 further可表示抽象意義上的“遠(yuǎn)”，指“進一步”“更多的”，如：There is a mirror at the farther（or further）end.鏡子在較遠(yuǎn)的那頭。He went to the farther side of the river（or the road，the sea）.他到了河/路/海的另一邊。Wait till further（不用 farther）notice.等下次的通知吧。Let us discuss it further（不用 farther）.我們更深入地討論一下吧。英語中的一些詞匯和短語詞組也可以用來表示事物之間的比較關(guān)系，請看下邊所列舉的例子。like與alike的用法，可以看課本第26頁的講解。如果借用動詞的說法，我們可以把like看作及物形容詞，而把alike當(dāng)作不及物形容詞，即通常所說的表語形容詞?！癆+be動詞+as+形容詞原級+as+B = A+be動詞+no+形容詞比較級+than+B”意思相近，如：John is as old as Richard.約翰跟理查德年齡一樣大。John is no younger than Richard.約翰并不比理查德更年輕。尤其no more than和no less than已經(jīng)是固定表達，如：He knows no more mechanics than his grandmother（does）.=He knows as little mechanics as his grandmother.他跟他奶奶一樣對機械了解很少。He knows no less mechanics than any engineer （does）.= He knows as much mechanics as any engineer.他跟一個工程師一樣對機械了解甚多。3)有時to可用來代替as或than，比如在equal和similar等形容詞后：This is similar（or:equal）to that.這個與那個相似。典題精講經(jīng)典題型 例1（2010江蘇鹽城中考）Mary runs of all the girls in her school and she won the 100 metres race last month.A.fastestB.slowestC.nearestD.highest思路解析：由句子的后半句“她上個月贏得了100米競賽”，可判斷Mary應(yīng)該是學(xué)校里跑得最快的女孩，所以選A。例2（2010山東德州中考模擬）May I call you Johnson? .A.Thank you,sir.Here you areB.Of course,if you likeC.That's OKD.I've no idea思路解析：本題為交際性題目，上句意思為“我可以叫你杰克遜嗎？”所以下句應(yīng)為“當(dāng)然可以，”，故答案為B。C項意為“很好”，而D項意為“我不知道”，不能回答本題中的上句。綠色通道：對于情景交際型的題目，要注意上下句之間的搭配及東西文化的差異等。例3（2010北京中考）How old are you?I'm fifteen.I was born 1990.A.inB.atC.onD.for思路解析：1990表示年代，前面應(yīng)用介詞in。“in 1990”意為“在1990年”。答案為A。綠色通道：注意和時間名詞搭配的介詞in,at和on的用法區(qū)別。in和表示月份、季節(jié)或年等的名詞連用；at和表示時間點的詞連用；介詞on用在表示具體日期的詞前。如：on July 10th,1990。例4 This is useful book.I think you should buy one.A.an B.a C./思路解析：此題考查學(xué)生對冠詞用法的掌握情況。名詞如果以元音開頭，或者修飾名詞的形容詞以元音開頭，那么前邊的不定冠詞就要用an而不是a，但useful雖然是以元音字母開頭，但發(fā)音卻是，以輔音起首，所以選B。黑色陷阱：同樣具有迷惑性的單詞還有honest，拼寫是以輔音字母開頭，但發(fā)音以元音起首，所以要用an作不定冠詞。如：an honest face真誠坦率的臉。看來這個名字叫“誠實”（honest）的反倒很狡猾！例5 Their school is three times as as ours.That means our school is than theirs.A.big;three times smaller B.small;largeC.big;small D.large;twice smaller思路解析：此題考查比較級的表示方法和倍數(shù)的表達法。Their school is three times as big as ours.= Our school is two times smaller (=twice) than theirs.他們的學(xué)校是我們學(xué)校的三倍大。=我們學(xué)校比他們學(xué)校小兩倍。此題答案選D。綠色通道：記住一些倍數(shù)的表達方法，可做到有備無患。1）A+be+倍數(shù)+as+計量形容詞原級+as+B。2）A+be+倍數(shù)+計量形容詞比較級+than+B3）A+be+倍數(shù)+the+計量名詞+of+B 4）The+計量名詞+of+A+be+倍數(shù)+that+of+B5）其他的一些表達方法，如：I'm twice/double his age.我的年齡是他的兩倍。I've paid five times the usual price for the stamp.我出了5倍于往常的價格買這枚郵票。例6 do you give the bird a cabbage leaf?Twice a week.A.How longB.How muchC.How soonD.How often思路解析：對頻率進行提問用how often。how soon 是對將來時的提問；how long 是對時間長短或距離長短的提問；how much是對不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量的提問。此題答案選D。例7 I have been to Beijing twice.（就畫線部分提問） have you been to Beijing?思路解析：此題考查如何詢問次數(shù)，可以同上一題結(jié)合起來比較。此題答案為How many times。例8 The TV programme is boring.Shall we play chess instead?All right.That is than watching a boring programme.A.very goodB.much goodC.very betterD.much better思路解析：由than可知道要用比較級。very不可以修飾比較級，但much 可以。此題答案選D。例9 There a lot of good news in today's newspaper.Really?Can I have a look?A.isB.areC.has思路解析：news是不可數(shù)名詞，后面的be動詞要用is。has不能和there連用。此題答案選A。黑色陷阱：news雖然是以-s結(jié)尾，但并不是可數(shù)名詞。原創(chuàng)題閱讀下面的短文，并在文中的空格處填上相應(yīng)的形容詞的比較級形式。Maria goes to buy a cassette recorder（錄音機）.The shop assistant shows her two machines,a Toyo and a Smith.M:Which is better do you think?The Toyo or the Smith?A:Well,the Toyo is a little bit cheaper but the Smith's a bit bigger.M:Which one sounds better?A:The Toyo's got a (sharp) tone than the Smith.M:I think I prefer one with a (smooth平滑的) tone.A:The Smith's louder,of course,if you want a loud machine.M:Yes,I might want something louder for certain kinds of music.A:The Smith's certainly got a bigger speaker.M:Which is (easy) to carry?A:The Smith's a bit (heavy) than the Toyo.Then again the Toyo is handier (handy便捷的) in some ways.You can take the lid (蓋子) off.M:Oh dear.One is bigger,the other is cheaper;one's louder,the other's smaller and something else.I'm getting more and more confused (困惑的).A:Which one do you prefer the look of?M:Well,the Toyo's got a (nice) shape.But I like the colour of the Smith better.No.It's hopeless.I'll just have to leave it for the moment,if you don't mind.A:Not at all,Miss.It's better to be sure than sorry.Wait till you are more certain.參考答案:sharper;smoother;easier;heavier;nicer思路解析：其中的sharp和smooth兩詞可以直接在詞尾加-er構(gòu)成比較級。nice一詞因為以-e結(jié)尾，直接加上-r就可以了。而easy和heavy兩詞因為以-y結(jié)尾，需要去掉-y后加上-ier。綠色通道：這篇文章還是考查對形容詞比較級的掌握情況。巧學(xué)法園地時刻表達法口訣時刻表達法作用大，衣食住行離不開它。整點時把點鐘數(shù)打，時分俱全不好表達。請記下列幾種方法：先時后分莫給弄差。若要說明幾點過幾分，可把past和after來抓。前分后時不能搞差，要說幾點幾分差，to前分，后時來表達。 8