Reading,Step Three分類訓練，贏得高分,第12講讀寫類作文,解題指導 1.審題，明確題目要求。 通過審題明確文章主題、寫作內(nèi)容、主要時態(tài)和主體人稱等問題。其中主體人稱，就是要確定以第幾人稱進行寫作。 2.閱讀，抓住內(nèi)容要點。 閱讀短文，找出文章的內(nèi)容要點。 (1)議論文：找出論點、論據(jù)和結論。其關鍵是找出主題句或結論句。若文中有一分為二的觀點，兩種觀點都要概括，不要漏掉其中一方的觀點。 (2)記敘文：找出時間(when)，地點(where)，什么人(who)，做了什么事(what)，結果怎么樣(how)等五要素。其中，最重要的要點是某人(who)做了何事(what)。若是夾敘夾議類的文章，還要加上作者的看法、觀點、經(jīng)驗或感悟。,(3)說明文和新聞報道：通常會有中心句(多在首段)，寫作時要注意要找出中心句，抓住關鍵詞。對現(xiàn)象分析型說明文，要找出“現(xiàn)象”“造成這種現(xiàn)象的原因”“解決這種現(xiàn)象或問題的措施或建議”。 (4)發(fā)言稿：通常會很明確地表明觀點或態(tài)度，寫概要時要從發(fā)言者的言語中明確作者的態(tài)度，把握作者的寫作目的。或先概括每段大意，進而歸納全文主旨。 3.概括，轉述作者的觀點。 在找出文章的內(nèi)容要點后，就要用自己的話轉述原文內(nèi)容要點。要注意在用詞或句式上做到同義替換，避免抄襲之嫌。 4.過渡，引出自己的觀點。 寫了摘要后，用句過渡的話，再引出自己的觀點(贊成或反對)或引出類似的故事。,5.例證，論證自己的觀點。 議論文在提出自己的觀點后，就用具體的事例來論證自己的觀點。 記敘文編寫與閱讀文章主題相同但情節(jié)不同的故事(親身經(jīng)歷或虛構)。 6.結論，注意前后呼應。 7.潤色，使其錦上添花。 一查人稱是否符合要求；二查語法方面的問題，包括用詞、時態(tài)等方面的錯誤等，確保“語言規(guī)范”；三查邏輯關系，看前后觀點是否一致；四查是否使用一些較為高級的句型，如非謂語動詞結構、with復合結構、定語從句、倒裝句型等。,實戰(zhàn)演練 (一) (2018江蘇) 請閱讀下面短文，并按照要求用英語寫一篇150詞左右的文章。,寫作內(nèi)容 1.用約30個詞概括上述利用排名(ratings)進行消費的現(xiàn)象； 2.談談你如何看待消費排名，然后用23個理由或論據(jù)支撐你的看法。 寫作要求 1.寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語句； 2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學校名稱； 3.不必寫標題。 評分標準 內(nèi)容完整，語言規(guī)范，語篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當。,參考范文,參考范文1 As a major channel of consumption information，the rating is an efficient source of information for shopping in our own consumption.Interestingly，the same rating may have different influences on different consumers. I tend to consult consumption ratings whatever I purchase.Firstly，the higher rating means the higher quality of the product，or better service.Based on the ratings，I bought my beloved backpack，saw interesting films and tasted delicious foods. Secondly，ratings can save time to make decisions in shopping.For example，there are huge numbers of reference books which I am often confused to choose from.In that case，it is both convenient and economical to buy books according to the ratings.,There is no doubt that it is unwise to depend pletely on the ratings in consumption.The advantages and disadvantages of ratings are often closely related.It is necessary to hold an objective attitude towards ratings.,參考范文2 Nowadays，most modities or services are rated through certain channels.These ratings，easy to access，are playing an increasingly important role in customers purchase decision.However，results are sometimes unsatisfactory. There is no denying that such ratings might bring convenience to consumers，but they are often misleading and unreliable.As we all know，most of the ratings are based on others judgment on the product or service concerned.Every judgment es from a specific need or a unique psychological state.Apparently，blindly following others advice will affect our own judgment.,Another fact should not be neglected that some of the ratings are the oute of a careful manipulation of panies or sellers.It has bee a mon practice for some to pay for good ratings on their products or services so as to increase their sales. Therefore，we should give a second thought to these ratings whenever we go shopping.,(二) 請閱讀下面短文，并按要求用英語寫一篇150詞左右的文章。 A national vision report said around 500 million Chinesenearly half the population above five years oldsuffered visual impairment(損傷)，450 million were nearsighted，and rates were rising.Another survey showed that about 45 per cent of the students free time was occupied with homework and video games.Reading for long periods and staring at puter screens without rest are generally thought to harm the eyes.,“I began to wear glasses when I was 11 years old.I spend almost all my time taking lessons，doing homework and playing online games.And last Friday my parents went to visit my grandmother and didnt e back home that night，so I played games until dawn，” said Cheng Qi，a junior school student. As a response to rising levels of nearsightedness among children，the Chinese government recently has announced plans to control video gaming. Regulators are directed to limit the number of new online games，restrict playing time and develop an age-restriction system in the industry，according to a statement posted on the Ministry of Education website late on Thursday.,寫作內(nèi)容 1.用約30個單詞概括上述材料的主要內(nèi)容； 2.用約120個單詞談談你對“青少年近視”的看法，內(nèi)容包括： (1)造成青少年近視的原因(至少兩條)； (2)簡要說明青少年應該如何保護眼睛。 寫作要求 1.寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語句； 2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學校名稱； 3.不必寫標題。 評分標準 內(nèi)容完整，語言規(guī)范，語篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當。,參考范文,參考范文 The increasingly serious problem that more and more teenagers are being nearsighted has aroused the authorities attention and made them adopt effective measures to protect them against being visually impaired. I think the reasons behind teenagers nearsightedness are various. Teenagers are under a heavy study load，which forces them to overuse their eyes and have little time to take outdoor activities and exercise.Besides，the spread of mobile phones and other electronic devices plays an important role. Most teenagers spend too much time playing video games，and their staring at the screen for hours poses a great threat to their vision.,Therefore，its urgent for us teenagers to protect our eyes.First of all，we should keep our eyes relaxed during or after the study activities like finishing our homework or reading books for some time.Besides，we should insist on doing eye exercises every day.Furthermore，we should spend less and less time on video games.Only by doing so can we have good vision.,(三) 請閱讀下面短文，并按照要求用英語寫一篇150詞左右的文章。 He Really Loved His Job Zhang Chao joined the PLA Navy in 2004 after graduating from a middle school in Yueyang，Hunan Province.He trained as a fighter jet pilot for five years and in 2009 he joined a naval aviation squadron(海軍航空兵)，because flying a J-15 above the carrier was Zhang Chaos biggest wish.In March last year，Zhang passed the strict selection procedures and became a pilot in the carrier-based(艦載的)aviation force.Unfortunately，however，when landing after a routine training on his J-15 on the afternoon of April 27，he gave his life because of a sudden malfunction(故障) in the flight-control system.,As is known to all，it is full of risks to be a fighter jet pilot，especially to be a pilot in the carrier-based aviation force.But Zhang Chao was brave enough to face the challenge.He once said China must develop an aircraft carrier force to safeguard the nation and our interests overseas，and that he longed to serve on a carrier，no matter how risky that would be.As his wife put it，he really loved his job.,寫作內(nèi)容 1.用約30個單詞寫出上文概要； 2.用約120個單詞闡述： (1)你對張超的英勇事跡的認識； (2)張超的英勇事跡對你的影響。 寫作要求 1.寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語句； 2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學校名稱； 3.不必寫標題。 評分標準 內(nèi)容完整，語言規(guī)范，語篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當。,參考范文,參考范文 Zhang Chao，an excellent J-15 fighter pilot，died from a sudden malfunction when he was landing.His love of his work in spite of its risks will inspire us forever. Zhang Chao has set us a good example.The great danger and a lot of risks of flying a jet did not prevent him from performing his duties.So，there is no reason for us not to work hard.“He really loved his job” demonstrates not only his devotion to his duties and his courage to overe all kinds of difficulties，but his loyalty to our country as well. Zhang Chaos heroic deeds impress us deeply.As a student，we should do as he did.That is to say，we must dedicate ourselves to our studies，and do our best to acquire necessary knowledge and skills.Only by doing so，will we be able to serve our country well in the future.,(四) 請閱讀下面短文，并按照要求用英語寫一篇150詞左右的文章。 To win a national award for handwriting，especially in this digital age，is an achievement in itself.But what makes Anaya Ellick extra special is that the seven- year-old made the achievement despite having no hands.Even more amazing？The first-grader from Chesapeake，Virginia，does not use prosthetics(假肢). The young girl who peted in the category for students with special needs had to beat 50 petitors to win the award.Contest director Kathleen Wright said the judges，many of whom are occupational doctors，were“just amazed” by the quality of Anayas printing.Wright says，“Her writing sample was parable to someone who had hands.”,Anayas proud parents，Bianca Middleton and Gary Ellick say the young girls determination and desire to be independent became obvious when she was just a baby.Unable to hold on to her pacifier(安撫奶嘴)with her hands，she figured out how to do it by cupping her arms.As a young child，she learned to eat with a fork and build with blocks.At 5，she managed to hold a crayon or marker between her hands and draw.Though Anaya was fitted with prosthetic arms for a short time，the young girl decided she was better off with her natural ones and threw them away.,寫作內(nèi)容 1.用約30個單詞概述上述信息的主要內(nèi)容； 2.用約120個單詞發(fā)表你的觀點，內(nèi)容包括： (1)上述信息對你的啟示(至少兩點)； (2)根據(jù)這些啟示你會如何對待人生中的挫折(至少兩點)。 寫作要求 1.寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語句； 2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學校名稱； 3.不必寫標題。 評分標準 內(nèi)容完整，語言規(guī)范，語篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當。,參考范文,參考范文 A seven-year-old girl named Anaya Ellick，who was born without hands，beat fifty petitors to win a national award for handwriting，which makes her parents proud and inspires many people. This story sets me thinking profoundly.Life can place a stumbling block in our way and definitely，it is always easier to give up than to hold on.However，like Anaya，constant effort yields sure success.If you pursue your goals with the courage of never giving up，you will succeed in whatever endeavor you take on. As high school students，we are bound to encounter the twists and turns of life.But when we think of those people who suffer more than us，we should be more optimistic and draw lessons from the bumps and turns along the way.Bear it in mind that we should keep going forward，even in the toughest time.,