Reading,Step One夯實基礎，步步提升,第8講彰顯水平的強調句、倒裝句和There be句型,特殊句式是英語中的高級表達，其中，強調和倒裝句型是最為常見的特殊句式，它們的準確使用能夠彰顯考生的英語水平，提高寫作檔次。另外，there be句型在寫作中也是一種常見的高級表達。 一、重點突出的強調句型 強調句型可強調除謂語動詞和表語外的其他任何成分，如主語、賓語、狀語等。強調句型的靈活運用不僅有助于增強表達效果，突出要強調的重點，更能彰顯考生對英語表達的把握能力。其基本結構為：It is/was被強調部分that/who其他。,(1)It is not only your enthusiasm but also your teamwork and good spirits that impress us. 不僅是你們的熱情，而且是你們的團隊合作和良好的精神給我們留下了深刻的印象。(2016天津) (2)It was by reading it a third time that Tom got a thorough understanding of the passage. 湯姆讀了三遍才徹底理解這篇短文。,1.強調句型的寫法 在寫作時，可以使用強調句型來提升句子的層次，寫作時可采用“四步法”。 第一步：寫出一個句子 I picked up an old bag on the playground last Sunday. 第二步：找出要強調的句子成分 假如要強調地點狀語on the playground。 第三步：確定強調句型的時態(tài)是is還是was 原句用了一般過去時，所以此處的強調句型也用一般過去時，即it was. 第四步：套用強調句型：It is/was被強調部分that其他。 It was on the playground that I picked up an old bag last Sunday.,2.強調句型的其他形式 (1)Is/Was it被強調部分that其他？ Was it on that farm that his father spent his childhood? 是在那個農(nóng)場里他的父親度過了童年嗎？ (2)特殊疑問詞is/was itthat其他？ What was it that made the girl so sad that day? 是什么使那個女孩那天那么難過？ (3)It is/was not until.that. It was not until he failed the exam that he realized that he was wrong. 直到他考試不及格，他才意識到自己錯了。,3.在寫作中使用強調句型時需要注意的問題 (1)被強調的是人時，強調句型中的that可換為who，其余情況一律用that。,(誤)It was on the playground where he got his left leg broken. (正)It was on the playground that he got his left leg broken. (誤)It was last weekend when he ran into the stranger in the street. (正)It was last weekend that he ran into the stranger in the street.,(2)被強調的事物無論是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)，一律用is/was。,(誤)It were these new books that made the children so excited. (正)It was these new books that made the children so excited.,(3)強調句型不能用于強調謂語，如果強調謂語，用do/does/did動詞原形。 I do hope you can accept my application and I promise to do all I can to help them. 我的確希望你能接受我的申請，我承諾會竭盡全力幫助他們。 (2018河南洛陽三模),即時訓練1用強調句型完成句子 1.我昨天晚上在音樂會上看到的是你嗎？ I saw at the concert last night? 2.為什么足球賽必須被推遲？ the football match must be put off? 3.所有這一切發(fā)生在周一晚上。 all this happened.,查看答案,Wasityouthat,Whywasitthat,ItwasonMondaynightthat,二、平衡句子的倒裝句型 在寫作中， 倒裝句型應用比較廣泛， 涉及的句型主要包括部分倒裝和全部倒裝。 1.“only狀語”置于句首時，句子用部分倒裝。 Only in this way can we students study happily and effectively. 只有以這種方式， 我們學生才能愉快、有效地學習。(2015湖南) 2.none，neither，nor，not，never，hardly，little，seldom等否定詞，以及由no構成的否定短語如at no time，by no means等置于句首時，句子用部分倒裝。 Wang Hua is very strong-minded.By no means will he give in to the difficulties. 王華意志非常堅強，他決不會向困難屈服。,3.在so/such.that.結構中，當so/such.位于句首時，其后的句子用部分倒裝，但that從句不需要倒裝。 So excited was I that I couldnt wait to try my hand at riding it. 我太激動了，迫不及待地想試著騎它。 4.as/though盡管(as引導讓步狀語從句時，從句必須用倒裝結構；though引導讓步狀語從句時，從句也可不倒裝) Young as/though she is，she knows how to get on well with her colleagues. 她雖然年輕，但是知道怎樣和同事相處好。 5.were/should/had.如果(if引導虛擬語氣時，可省略if，從句部分倒裝) Looking back，I feel I wouldnt be able to ride a bike had I lost heart. 回顧以往， 我感覺如果我失去了信心就學不會騎自行車。,6.here，there，now，then，out，in，up，down，on the wall，in the room等表示地點、時間或方位的副詞或介詞短語置于句首，且主語是名詞而不是代詞時，句子用全部倒裝。 Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves. 下一步，我讓他們自己試一試。(2018北京),即時訓練2用倒裝句型完成句子 1.直到那時他才意識到自己應該更努力學習。 that he should work harder. 2.李平那么幽默且樂于助人，所以我們都喜歡他。 that we all like him very much. 3.附在這個郵件上的是我為我的團隊制定的培訓計劃，我希望你讀一下并提出建議。(2018天津) I have worked out for my team，which I hope youll read and make some suggestions.,查看答案,Onlythendidherealize,SohumorousandhelpfulisLiPing,Attachedtothisemailisatrainingplan,三、there be 句型 1.there be的基本句型 (1)there be結構表示“某處有某物”，有不同的時態(tài)形式，而且可以和各種助動詞、情態(tài)動詞連用。 At eight on the morning of October 1，we are to gather at the gate of the Orient Hotel，and there will be a minibus waiting for us. 在10月1日早上8點我們要在東方賓館門口集合，將有一輛小型公共汽車等著我們。(2017浙江),There is plenty of fun for teenagers in summer，including going camping，going to the beach，going swimming at public pools and traveling locally with friends. 對于青少年來說，夏天有很多趣事，包括宿營、去海濱、在公共泳池游泳、與朋友在當?shù)赜瓮妗?2016四川) In spite of the large-scale construction of roads and highways，there is still much room for improvement. 盡管大規(guī)模建設道路和公路，但仍有很大的改進空間。(2015江蘇),(2)在there be 句型中，謂語動詞和后面的主語在數(shù)上要保持一致。如果有兩個或者更多的主語，則與離動詞最近的那個主語保持一致，即遵循“就近原則”。 There is a pen，some books and a laptop on the desk. 桌子上有一支鋼筆、一些書和一臺筆記本電腦。 There are some books，a pen and a laptop on the desk. 桌子上有一些書、一支鋼筆和一臺筆記本電腦。 2.there be的拓展句型 (1)There be主語現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞 (2)There be主語定語從句/同位語從句 (3)There be主語for sb. to do.,(4)There seems/appears to be.好像有 (5)There happens to be.碰巧有 (6)There is likely to be.可能有 (7)There used to be.過去有 (8)There is no doubt that.毫無疑問 (9)There is no need to do.沒有必要做 (10)There is no possibility that.是不可能的 (11)There is no sense/point (in) doing.做沒有意義,(12)There is no denying that.不可否認 There is no doubt that you are supposed to know about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance. 你應該提前了解唐朝的歷史，這是毫無疑問的。(2017全國) There are a lot of problems for us to settle. 有很多問題等待我們來解決。 There are a great many boys playing football on the playground. 有很多男生在操場上踢足球。,即時訓練3翻譯句子 1.樓后面有一棵生長了好多年的大樹。 _ 2.后墻上掛著一幅很舊的照片。 _ 3.這臺機器好像出毛病了。 _ 4.過去這棵古樹后面有一座古廟。 _,查看答案,Behind the building there has been a big tree for many years.,Thereisanoldpicturehangingonthebackwall.,Thereseemstobesomethingwrongwiththismachine.,Thereusedtobeanoldtemplebehindtheoldtree.,.將下列句子改為倒裝句 1.If you dont attend the lecture，I shall not attend it，either. _ 2.The nurses not only want a pay increase，but they want reduced hours as well. _ 3.The water in the bottle smells so terrible that I feel sick. _,查看答案,Ifyoudontattendthelecture，neither/norshallI.,綜合演練,ZONGHEYANLIAN,SoterribledoesthewaterinthebottlesmellthatIfeelsick.,Notonlydothenurseswantapayincrease，buttheywantreducedhours aswell.,4.He was able to get back to school only when he was getting better. _ 5.They actually by no means broke the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them. _ 6.My mother had hardly sat down when the telephone rang. _,查看答案,Onlywhenhewasgettingbetterwasheabletogetbacktoschool.,Hardlyhadmymothersatdownwhenthetelephonerang.,Bynomeansdidtheyactuallybreaktherulesofthegame.Itwasunfairto punishthem.,7.It never occurred to Jack that he could one day bee a top student in his class. _ 8.Though it is short，the article is very important. _ 9.He didnt know what the Great Wall was like until he visited Beijing. _ 10.The door suddenly opened，and a group of students rushed in. _,查看答案,NeverdiditoccurtoJackthathecouldonedaybeeatopstudentinhis class.,NotuntilhevisitedBeijingdidheknowwhattheGreatWallwaslike.,Shortthough/asitis，thearticleisveryimportant.,Thedoorsuddenlyopened，andinrushedagroupofstudents.,.用強調句型或倒裝句型完成句子 11.到目前為止，沒有科學證據(jù)表明究竟是什么造成恐龍的滅絕。 Up till now，there has been no scientific evidence about caused the death of dinosaurs. 12.這樣做，你不僅能夠提高你自己，而且會使你很快適應這個群體。 (2018哈爾濱三中二模) By doing this， improve yourself but you will get yourself involved in the group quickly. 13.直到失去健康我們才意識到它的價值。 It is we realize its value.,查看答案,whatitwasthat,notonlycanyou,notuntilwelosehealththat,14.取得了那么大的進步，他的家人都很高興。 that his family is very happy. 15.一群年輕人走了出來，還在討論著那場表演。 Out ，still discussing the performance.,查看答案,Suchgreatprogresshashemade,walkedagroupofyoungpeople,.根據(jù)以下內容要點寫一篇短文，盡量多地使用特殊句式 假定你是李華，從網(wǎng)上得知你的美國朋友Phil的家鄉(xiāng)遭受龍卷風(tornado)襲擊。請你寫封郵件安慰他。內容包括： 1.說明情況； 2.詢問災情，表示安慰。,參考范文,Dear Phil， Im sorry to learn from the Internet that your hometown was struck by the tornado the day before yesterday.According to the video of the report，so strong was the tornado that it brought about a lot of losses.Many houses were destroyed and worse still，many people were injured and some even killed. Seeing the disaster，I have been worried about you and your family.Im anxious to know your present situations.Please tell me what you experienced these days.While help has already arrived，only with confidence can you survive the disaster.I do hope that everything is all right for you! Im looking forward to hearing from you! Yours， Li Hua,