WelcomeUnit 8 Brave it OutGrammar句子的種類句子的種類Categories of Sentences1.陳述句陳述句(Declarative Sentences)v用來說明事實或說話人的看法。I go to school by bike every day.我每天騎自行車上學。They are having an English class now.他們現在正在上英語課。She doesnt like playing basketball.她不喜歡打籃球。陳述句的否定形式：1)凡陳述句中的謂語部分有助動詞 be,have/has 或情態(tài)動詞或情態(tài)動詞can,may,must,will,shall等等時，其否定式只需在它們后面加not即可。如：TomcanspeakEnglish.(肯定句)湯姆會講英語。TomcannotspeakEnglish.(否定句)湯姆不會講英語。2)如果陳述句中的謂語動詞只是行為動詞,而沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞時，其否定式要在行為動詞前加do not或第三人稱單數加does not；動詞是過去時，在動詞前加did not；后面的謂語動詞用動詞原形。如：They went to school by bike yesterday.(肯定句)他們昨天騎車上學。They did not go to school by bike yesterday.(否定句)他們昨天沒騎車上學。She studies very hard.(肯定句)她非常努力學習。She does not study very hard.(否定句)她學習不很努力。下列句子改為否定句：v1.Hedoessomereadingeveryday.vHe_readingeveryday.v2.Ihavetowashthedishes.vI_washthedishes.v3.Tellhimthenews.v_himthenews.v4.Shehasbrothersandsisters.vShe_brothers_sisters.v5.Ithinksheisright.vI_she_right.doesntdoanydonthavetoDonttelldoesnthaveordontthinkis2.疑問句疑問句(Interrogative Sentences)v有四種形式：一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句。句和反意疑問句。Does she like music?（一般疑問句）她喜歡音樂嗎？How much is the T-shirt?（特殊疑問句）這件T-恤衫多少錢？You are in Class 2,arent you?（反意疑問句）你在二班，不是嗎？Is your pen friend a boy or a girl?（選擇疑問句）你的筆友是男孩還是女孩？v以情態(tài)動詞、助動詞或系動詞情態(tài)動詞、助動詞或系動詞be開頭開頭的疑問句。一般疑問句需以Yes或或No回答。如：-Does she like music?她喜歡音樂嗎？-Yes,she does.是的，她喜歡。-Is there a map on the wall?墻上有地圖嗎？-No,there isnt.不，沒有。1）一般疑問句）一般疑問句(General Questions)：v-Did you go to school yesterday?你昨天上學了嗎？-Yes,I did.是的，我去了。一般疑問句的答語有時可用Certainly,Ofcourse,Sure等回答,如：-May I use your pen?我可以用你的鋼筆嗎？-Certainly.當然可以。下列句子改為一般疑問句：v1.Thereissomefruitjuiceintheglass.v_fruitjuiceintheglass?v2.Hehastostayhere.v_he_tostaythere?v3.Wedoeyeexerciseseveryday.v_you_eyeexerciseseveryday?v4.Shehassomethingtoeat.v_she_toeat?v5.Iamgoodatsinginganddancing.v_yougoodatsinging_dancing?IsthereanyDoeshaveDodoDoeshaveanythingAreor2)特殊疑問句特殊疑問句(Special Questions)v是以疑問詞開始的疑問句。常用的疑問詞有：who/whom(誰誰),whose(誰的誰的),what(什么什么),which(哪哪個，那些個，那些),when/what time(什么時間什么時間),where(什么地方什么地方),why(為什么為什么),how(如何如何),How many/much(多少多少)等等。等等。特殊疑問句由“疑問詞加一般疑問句”構成。對主語提問時，語序與陳述句相同。特殊疑問句要根據問句的內容如實回答，不再用yes或no。如：-Who is the man over there?那邊那個人是誰？-He is our English teacher.他是我們英語老師。-Why are you late for school today?你今天為什么上學遲到？-I miss the early bus.我沒趕上早班公交車。-Whose coat is this?這是誰的外衣？-Its Toms.這是湯姆的對劃線部分提問v1.Mymothergoestoworkbybike.v_yourmother_towork?v2.ThatisamapofFrance.v_mapisthat?v3.IthinkChinesefoodisverynice.v_doyou_Chinesefood?v4.Thestudentsliketheirteacherverymuch.v_dothestudents_theirteacher?v5.Hisuncleisabusinessman.v_hisuncle_?HowdoesgoWhatHowthinkofHowlikeWhatdoesdov6.ItsSundaytoday.v_isittoday?v7.Therearesixkitesinthesky.v_inthesky?v8.HelivesinRoom306.v_he_in?v9.Shelooksworriedbecauseshecantfindherdog.v_she_worried?v10.Ittakeshimhalfanhourtowritethee-mail.v_it_himtowritethee-mail?WhatdayHowmanykitesarethereWhichroomdoesliveWhydoeslookHowlongdoestake3）選擇疑問句）選擇疑問句(Alternative Questions)v提出兩種或多種情況，要求對方選擇一種。結構是“一般疑問句一般疑問句+or+省略的一般疑問省略的一般疑問句句”，或用疑問詞，或用疑問詞which,whose等等提問?；卮饡r須選擇其中一種情況回答，不能用yes或no回答。如：-Is this a basketball or a football?這是籃球還是足球？-Its a basketball.這是籃球。-Which is your bag,the blue one or the yellow one?哪個是你的書包，藍的還是黃的？-The blue one.藍色的。將下列句子翻譯成英語v你喜歡踢足球還是打籃球？vv你準備乘火車還是乘汽車？vv你想要什么?？Х冗€是茶？vv你有幾只筆，一支還是兩支？vDoyoulikeplayingfootballorbasketball?Willyougotherebybusorbytrain?Whatwouldyoulike,coffeeortea?Howmanypensdoyouhave,oneortwo?4）反意疑問句）反意疑問句(Disjunctive Questions)v表示提問者有一定的主見，但沒把握，希望對方來證實。反意疑問句由兩部分的構成反意疑問句由兩部分的構成：前一部分是對事物的陳述，后一部分是省略型的簡單問句。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分要用否定式；前一部分用否定式，后一部分要用肯定式。兩部分的人稱和時態(tài)要一致。即即“前肯后否，前否后肯。前肯后否，前否后肯?！睂Ψ匆庖蓡柧涞幕卮穑翰还軉栴}的提法如何，事實是肯定的，要用yes，事實是否定的，要用no。這和漢語不一樣，要特別注意。-You are from Australia,arent you?你來自澳大利亞，不是嗎？-No,Im not.Im from Canada.不，不是。我來自加拿大。-She didnt visit her aunt yesterday,did she?她昨天沒去看她的阿姨，是嗎？-Yes,she did.不，她去了。反義疑問句練習v1.Hehasalotofworktodo,_?v2.UncleWangforgottobringyourbag,_?v3.Itsfinetoday,_?v4.TomwantstogethisTVsetback,_?v5.JackdidntwatchTVlastnight,_?v6.Openthewindows,_?v7.MissGreenisgoingtoworkinLondon,_?v8.LucyhadapartylastSunday,_?doesnt/hasnthedidnthedidntheisntitdoesnthedidhewill/wontyouisntshedidntshe3.祈使句祈使句(Imperative Sentences)v用來表示命令、勸告等。說話的對象是第二人稱,“you”常被省略。句末用句號或嘆號。1)祈使句的開頭用動詞原形，如：Sit down,please.請坐。Close the door,please.請關門。2)祈使句的否定式在句首用Dont，有時用Never,如：Dont put the flowers on the table,please.別把花兒放在桌子上。Never do it again.再不要這么做了。祈使句練習v1.Itsanimportantmeeting._(not,be)late.v2._(not,make)anynoise!Yourmotherissleeping.v3._(not,speak)withyourmouthfulloffoodand_(be)polite.v4._(not,talk)and_(read)aloud.v5._(look)out!Acariscoming.DontbeDontmakeDontspeakbeDonttalkreadLook4.感嘆句感嘆句(Exclamatory Sentencesv多用how或what引起，來表達強烈的感情。1)“How+形容詞或副詞形容詞或副詞+主語主語+謂語！謂語！”How nice the flowers are!這些花兒多好哇！How fast Tom is riding on his bike!湯姆騎車多快呀！2)“What+a(an)+形容詞形容詞+單數可數名詞單數可數名詞+主主語語+謂語！謂語！”What a big apple it is!多么大的蘋果呀！What an interesting book it is!多么有趣的書呀！v3)“What+形容詞形容詞+復數名詞或不可數名詞復數名詞或不可數名詞+主語主語+謂語！謂語！”What good students they are!他們是多好的學生??！What bad news it is!多么糟糕的消息呀。4)在口語中，有時主語、謂語都省略，有時只用在口語中，有時主語、謂語都省略，有時只用一個詞或短語，有時省略副詞和形容詞。一個詞或短語，有時省略副詞和形容詞。如：What a heavy bag!口袋真重！How nice!多好??！Cool!真酷！How they work!他們真能干！感嘆句練習v_deliciousthedishis!vA.WhatB.HowC.Whatav_strangeclothesheiswearing!vA.WhataB.WhatC.Howav_interestingsubjectitis!vA.WhatB.HowC.Whatanv_foggyitwasyesterday!vA.WhatB.WhataC.Howv_carelessboyyouare!vA.HowB.WhataC.WhatBBCCB