專題九虛擬語氣,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)一,1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反:條件狀語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式(be的過去式用were);主句中謂語用would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形。 (201610浙江)If it were not stopped that long train,full of passengers would fall into the stream. 如果那列長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的滿載乘客的火車不被攔住,全部乘客就會(huì)掉入溪流中。,2.表示與過去事實(shí)相反:條件狀語從句中謂語用had+過去分詞;主句中謂語用would/should/could/might+have+過去分詞。 (2017北京)If the new safety system had been put to use,the accident would never have happened. 如果新的安全系統(tǒng)投入使用,這次事故就不會(huì)發(fā)生了。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)一,3.表示與將來的事實(shí)相反:條件狀語從句中謂語用過去式或should+動(dòng)詞原形或were to+動(dòng)詞原形;主句中謂語用would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形。 (201610浙江)If she should slip,she would fall between the sleepers,into the rapidly flowing stream. 如果她滑一跤,她就會(huì)從枕木間的空隙中掉入急流中。 4.虛擬條件句 有時(shí)候假設(shè)的情況不以if引導(dǎo)的條件句形式表現(xiàn)出來,而是通過一個(gè)介詞短語、連詞或其他形式表示。常用的詞或短語有:without,with,but for(要是沒有),otherwise,or,but等。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)一,Without his wartime experiences,Hemingway wouldnt have written his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. 如果沒有戰(zhàn)時(shí)的經(jīng)歷,海明威就不會(huì)寫出他的著名小說永別了,武器。 But for your advice,I could not have done it so successfully. 要是沒有你的建議,我就不會(huì)這么成功。 (2017天津)Do you have Bettys phone number? Yes.Otherwise,I wouldnt have been able to reach her yesterday. 你有貝蒂的電話號(hào)碼嗎? 是的。否則,我昨天就不能聯(lián)系到她了。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)一,They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation,or they would have e to our help. 我們開展這項(xiàng)調(diào)查的幾個(gè)月間他們?cè)趪?guó)外,否則他們會(huì)來幫助我們的。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)一,5.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句中的虛擬語氣 當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí),稱為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”,動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)主從句所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。 If we had booked a table earlier,we wouldnt be standing here in a queue. 如果我們?cè)琰c(diǎn)兒預(yù)訂一張桌子,我們就不用站在這兒排隊(duì)了。(從句說的是過去的情況,主句說的是現(xiàn)在的情況) If I were you,I would have gone abroad. 如果我是你,我就會(huì)出國(guó)了。(從句說的是現(xiàn)在的情況,主句說的是過去的情況),考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)一,6.省略if的虛擬語氣 如果if從句中含有were/should/had時(shí),則可以省略if,把這三個(gè)詞置于句首,采用倒裝語序。 If I were you,I would go to the party.Were I you,I would go to the party. 如果我是你,我會(huì)去參加聚會(huì)。 If it should happen,what would you do?Should it happen,what would you do? 如果那件事真的發(fā)生了,你會(huì)做什么? If you had e earlier,you would catch the bus.Had you e earlier,you would catch the bus. 如果你早點(diǎn)來的話,你就趕上那輛公交車了。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)一,在wish后的賓語從句中,表示與現(xiàn)在或過去的事實(shí)相反,或?qū)淼闹饔^愿望,從句中通常用虛擬語氣。從句中謂語的構(gòu)成形式為: 1.表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬,從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式(be動(dòng)詞用were)。 Do you like the school? Yeah.I only wish the classes were a little smaller. 你喜歡這個(gè)學(xué)校嗎? 是的。我只希望我們的班級(jí)小一些。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)一,2.表示對(duì)過去情況的虛擬,從句中謂語常用had+過去分詞。 I wish I had been at my sisters wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then. 我多么希望自己上個(gè)星期二能參加姐姐的婚禮呀,可是我當(dāng)時(shí)正在紐約出差。 3.表示對(duì)將來的主觀愿望,從句中謂語常用would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形。 I wish it would be fine tomorrow. 我希望明天有個(gè)好天氣。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)一,1.表示“建議,要求,命令”的動(dòng)詞:一堅(jiān)持(insist),二命令(order,mand),三建議(suggest,remend,advise),四要求(demand,require,request,ask)后面的賓語從句或由it做形式主語的主語從句中的謂語要用“(should+) 動(dòng)詞原形”。這些動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中的謂語也要用“(should+) 動(dòng)詞原形”。 The teacher ordered that the homework (should) be handed in on time.老師要求我們按時(shí)上交作業(yè)。 Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way. 有些心理學(xué)家建議小孩應(yīng)該以這種方式來了解的不僅僅是這個(gè)物質(zhì)世界。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)一,Thus,Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day. 因此,爸爸堅(jiān)持要求我們每天至少學(xué)一樣新東西。 注意:suggest當(dāng)“表明,暗示”講時(shí),不用虛擬語氣;insist 當(dāng)“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”講時(shí),不用虛擬語氣。 The smile on his face suggested he was happy. 他臉上的笑容表明他很開心。 The boy insisted he hadnt stolen the money. 那個(gè)男孩堅(jiān)持說他沒有偷錢。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)一,2.在It is important/strange/natural/necessary/a pity/a shame等+that從句,表示情緒、觀點(diǎn)等,主語從句中的謂語用“(should+) 動(dòng)詞原形”。 It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer. 遺憾的是他拒絕接受那個(gè)提議。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)一,1.在as if/as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,若從句與事實(shí)相反,則要用虛擬語氣。具體情況如下: 當(dāng)從句的動(dòng)作與主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式。 當(dāng)從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主句的動(dòng)作之前時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成式。 He talks as if he knew all about it. 他談?wù)撈饋砗孟袼酪磺幸粯印?He walked in as if he had bought the school. 他走進(jìn)來好像他已經(jīng)買下了學(xué)校一樣。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)一,2.在It is(high)time that.句型中也用虛擬語氣,從句謂語動(dòng)詞常用過去式,表示“是時(shí)候做了”,含“建議”的意味。 Jack is a great talker.Its high time that he did something instead of just talking. 杰克是個(gè)空談家。到了他做點(diǎn)事而不是夸夸其談的時(shí)候了。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)一,3.would rather后接動(dòng)詞原形,但接從句時(shí)要用虛擬語氣(寧愿,但愿)。具體情況如下: 當(dāng)從句表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式。 當(dāng)從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成式。 We would rather our daughter stayed at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer. 我寧愿女兒和我們一起待在家里,但是她可以自己作出選擇,畢竟她不是小孩了。 Id rather you hadnt told Mike the bad news. 我寧愿你沒有告訴邁克那個(gè)壞消息。,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)四,考點(diǎn)一,4.if only “要是就好了”。表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反的愿望時(shí),句子謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式;表示與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望時(shí),句子謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成式。 If only I had passed the driving test last week! 要是我通過了上周的駕駛考試就好了! (201610浙江)If only she had not left her mobile phone in that bag with Tom. 要是她沒把手機(jī)落在湯姆的那個(gè)包里就好了!,.用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.(2016江蘇)If it had not been(be) for his invitation the other day,I should not be here now. 2.(2016天津)I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadnt been wearing(not wear) one,I would have been injured.,解析:根據(jù)語境里the other day可知,從句是表示與過去相反的假設(shè),主句表示的是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。由此可知,從句應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí),故填had not been。,解析:根據(jù)前一句was wearing可知,從句是與過去相反的假設(shè),而且動(dòng)作是延續(xù)性的,所以從句用過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。,3.(2016浙江)Had the governments and scientists not worked together,AIDS-related deaths would not have fallen(not fall) since their highest in 2005. 4.It is required that under no circumstances should we betray ourselves even if there are temptations like money or beauty.,解析:根據(jù)前一句結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處是if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句,省略了if構(gòu)成倒裝句,再結(jié)合“had worked”可知,從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。故用would not have fallen。,解析:根據(jù)主句謂語require可知,從句應(yīng)是虛擬語氣,即“should+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu),且后一句動(dòng)詞betray是原形,故填should。,5.He must have pleted his work;otherwise,he wouldnt(not) be enjoying himself by the seaside now. 6.(2016四川)If you could have/had(have) one superpower,what would it be?,解析:句意:他一定完成了工作,否則他現(xiàn)在不會(huì)在海邊玩得那么開心。根據(jù)語境及otherwise可知,此處表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)。,解析:此句是表示將來或現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)條件句,故可有多個(gè)答案。,7.It is lucky we booked a room,or we would have(have) nowhere to stay now. 8.If I hadnt seen(see) it with my own eyes,I wouldnt have believed it.,解析:句意:幸虧我們訂了房間,否則現(xiàn)在將沒有地方住。分析語境可知,此處表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。故填would have。,解析:句意:如果不是我親眼所見,我簡(jiǎn)直不能相信(這是真的)。根據(jù)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞wouldnt have believed可知,此處表示對(duì)過去情況的虛擬,所以條件句用過去完成時(shí)。,10.Without smart phones,people would be(be) closer to each other. Er,it seems to be high tech that has widened the distance between people.,解析:句意:沒有智能手機(jī),人與人之間會(huì)走得更近。嗯,似乎正是高科技使得人與人之間關(guān)系疏遠(yuǎn)了。without.表示的是含蓄虛擬條件,句子說的是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況,所以句子的謂語動(dòng)詞用would/could/should/might+動(dòng)詞原形。故用would be。,9.(2018江蘇)There is a good social life in the village,and I wish I had(have) a second chance to bee more involved.,11.(2018北京)They might have found a better hotel if they had driven(drive) a few more kilometers.,.完成句子 1.你摔下來的時(shí)候要不是我站在梯子下面接住你,你現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)站在這里笑了。 If I hadnt stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell,you wouldnt be smiling here now. 2.他不可能跟他們不打招呼就離開,因?yàn)樗恢笔莻€(gè)有禮貌的人。 He couldnt have left without saying goodbye to them,for he always has good manners. 3.這個(gè)男孩可能考試又不及格,如果是那樣的話,他母親會(huì)很失望的。 The boy might fail the test again.In that case,his mother will be very disappointed.,4.噢,我覺得胃不舒服。我剛才不應(yīng)該吃那么多炸雞。 Oh,Im not feeling well in the stomach.I shouldnt have eaten so much fried chicken just now. 5.幸虧飛行員在那場(chǎng)可怕的風(fēng)暴中保持鎮(zhèn)靜,要不然這場(chǎng)事故是不可避免的。 The pilot kept calm in the terrible storm;otherwise the accident wouldnt have been prevented.,