111Unit 2 Friendship-Grammar學(xué)案一、關(guān)系代詞1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它們?cè)趶木渲凶髦髡Z或賓語，that在從句中作賓語時(shí)?？墒÷躁P(guān)系詞，which在從句中作賓語也可以省略。eg：this is your book （which）you want。而且，如果which在從句中作“不及物動(dòng)詞介詞”的介詞的賓語，注意介詞不要丟掉，而且介詞總是放在關(guān)系代詞which的前邊，但有的則放在它原來的位置 2. which作賓語時(shí)，根據(jù)先行詞與定語從句之間的語義關(guān)系，先行詞與which之間的介詞不能丟3. 代表物時(shí)多用which，但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which，這些詞包括當(dāng)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing ,few, all, none, little, some等不定代詞時(shí)，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時(shí)等，這時(shí)的that常被省略 還有先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),或先行詞就是序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)時(shí).以及先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí).還有句中前面有which時(shí),都只能用that4. who和whom引導(dǎo)的從句用來修飾人，分別作從句中的主語和賓語，whom作賓語時(shí)，要注意它可以作動(dòng)詞的賓語也可以作介詞的賓語 二、關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞why=for whichwhere=to whichwhen=during whichwhose=of which1. where是關(guān)系副詞，用來表示地點(diǎn)的定語從句 2. when引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時(shí)間注值得一提的是，表示時(shí)間“time"一詞的定語從句只用when引導(dǎo)，有時(shí)不用任何關(guān)系代詞，當(dāng)然也不用that引導(dǎo) By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc. 3. whose是關(guān)系代詞，修飾名詞作定語，相當(dāng)于所修飾成分的前置所有格.它引導(dǎo)的從句可以修飾人和物, 當(dāng)它引導(dǎo)的從句修飾物體時(shí), 可以與 of which 調(diào)換,表達(dá)的意思一樣.4. 當(dāng)從句的邏輯主語是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時(shí)，常用there is來引導(dǎo)There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 這里有人要和你說話Some exercises1. The teacher has two children, _ are doctors.A.both of them B. both of the childrenC,both of whom D. both of who2. Do you still remember the chicken farm_ we visited three months ago? A.where B. when C. that D. what3.George Orwell,_was Eric Arthur,wrote many political novels and essays. A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name4.Madame Curie,for_life had once been very hard ,was successful later.A.whom B.whose C.which D.that5. Women _drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _dont.A. who; / B. /; who C. who; who D. /; /6.He was educated at a local grammar school,_he went on to Cambridge.A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from which7.I still remember the persons and things_we talked about last week. A.who B. whom C. that D. which8.The man,_car was parked on the wrong side of the road ,had to pay a fine.A. whom B. his C. whose D. which 9.He has to work on Sundays,_he doesnt like.A. and which B. which C. and when D. when10. Children, in my opinion,_creative ability is unthinkably rich,_is seldom taken notice of by us ,should be trained in that area.A. which; that B. which; which C, whose; which D. whose; thatAnswers: CCDACCCCBC111