二、夾敘夾議文,專題二第二節(jié)分類突破,真題感悟,名師點津,內(nèi)容索引,隨堂限時練,真題感悟,(20186月天津) No one is born a winner.People make themselves into winners by their own 1 . I learned this lesson from a(n) 2 many years ago.I took the head 3 job at a school in Baxley，Georgia.It was a small school with a weak football program.,It was a tradition for the schools old team to play against the 4 team at the end of spring practice.The old team had no coach，and they didnt even practice to 5 the game.Being the coach of the new team，I was excited because I knew we were going to win，but to my disappointment we were defeated.I couldnt 6 I had got into such a situation.Thinking hard about it，I came to 7 that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia，but they were 8 me.I had to change my 9 about their ability and potential.,I started doing anything I could to help them build a little 10 .Most important，I began to treat them like 11 .That summer，when the other teams enjoyed their 12 ，we met every day and 13 passing and kicking the football. Six months after suffering our 14 on the spring practice field，we won our first game and our second，and continued to 15 .Finally，we faced the number one team in the state.I felt that it would be a 16 for us even if we lost the game.But that wasnt what happened.My boys beat the best team in Georgia，giving me one of the greatest 17 of my life!,From the experience I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can 18 the members of a team.Instead of seeing my boys as losers，I pushed and 19 them.I helped them to see themselves 20 ，and they built themselves into winners. Winners are made，not born.,語篇解讀,語篇解讀本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者通過自己當教練的一次經(jīng)歷告訴我們：勝利者是創(chuàng)造出來的，而不是天生的。,1.A.luck B.tests C.efforts D.nature,解析聯(lián)系上句“No one is born a winner.(沒有人天生是勝利者)”可知，人們成為勝利者靠的是自己的努力(efforts)。luck運氣；test測試；nature自然，天性。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,2.A.experiment B.experience C.visit D.show,解析聯(lián)系倒數(shù)第二段中的“From the experience”可知，“我”從很多年前的一次經(jīng)歷(experience)中明白了這個道理。experiment實驗；visit拜訪，參觀；show展覽，演出。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,3.A.operating B.editing C.consulting D.coaching,解析聯(lián)系下一段中的“Being the coach of the new team(作為新隊的教練)”可知，“我”承擔訓練(coach)任務。operate操作，運行，做手術；edit編輯；consult咨詢，查閱。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,4.A.successful B.excellent C.strong D.new,解析聯(lián)系空前的old team和下文的“Being the coach of the new team”可知，這是老隊與新(new)隊之間的比賽。successful成功的；excellent優(yōu)秀的；strong強壯的。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,5.A.cheer for B.prepare for C.help with D.finish with,解析由空前提到的practice(訓練)可知，訓練是為比賽做準備(prepare for)的。cheer for為歡呼；help with幫助；finish with以結(jié)束。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,6.A.believe B.agree C.describe D.regret,解析上文提到“I was excited because I knew we were going to win(我很興奮，因為我知道我們將會贏)”，但最后“我們”隊輸了比賽，這個結(jié)果是作者不能接受的，因此他不能相信(believe)自己會遇到這樣的情況。agree同意；describe描述；regret后悔，遺憾。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,7.A.realize B.claim C.permit D.demand,解析聯(lián)系空前的“Thinking hard about it(仔細考慮)”可知，此處意為“我逐漸意識到(realize)”。claim宣稱；permit允許；demand要求，需要。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,8.A.reacting to B.looking for C.depending on D.caring about,解析聯(lián)系空前的“my team might not be the number one team(我的隊可能不是最好的)”和but(表轉(zhuǎn)折)可知，他們依靠(depend on)“我”。react to對作出回應；look for尋找；care about關心，在乎。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,9.A.decision B.attitude C.conclusion D.intention,解析聯(lián)系下段中“我”改變了自己的做法以及倒數(shù)第二段中提到的“the attitude(態(tài)度)”可知，空格處是指“我”改變了對他們的態(tài)度(attitude)。decision決定；conclusion結(jié)論；intention意圖，計劃，打算。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,10.A.pride B.culture C.fortune D.relationship,解析聯(lián)系空前的“I started doing anything I could to help them build a little.(我開始做力所能及的一切來幫助他們建立一點)”知，空格處應是一個褒義詞，pride(自豪感，自尊心)符合文意。culture文化；fortune運氣，大筆的錢；relationship關系。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,11.A.leaders B.partners C.winners D.learners,解析聯(lián)系上文的winners(勝利者)和倒數(shù)第二段中的losers(失敗者)可知，“我”開始把他們當勝利者(winner)對待。leader領導者；partner伙伴，合作者；learner學習者。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12.A.rewards B.vacations C.health D.honor,解析聯(lián)系空后的“we met every day(我們天天見面)”和“passing and kicking the football(傳球和踢球)”可知，其他的隊在享受假期(vacation)時“我們”在訓練。reward獎賞；health健康；honor榮譽。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,13.A.risked B.missed C.considered D.practiced,解析聯(lián)系空后的passing and kicking the football(傳球和踢球)可知，是在訓練(practice)。risk冒險；miss思念，錯過；consider考慮。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,14.A.defeat B.decline C.accident D.mistake,解析聯(lián)系上文的“we were defeated(我們被打敗了)”以及空后的“on the spring practice field(在春季的訓練場上)”可知，是承受了在春季訓練場上的失敗(defeat)。decline下降，減少；accident事故；mistake錯誤。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,15.A.relax B.improve C.expand D.defend,解析聯(lián)系空前的“won our first game and our second(贏了我們第一場比賽、我們第二場比賽)”可知，“我們”繼續(xù)提高(improve)。relax放松；expand擴展，膨脹；defend保衛(wèi)，保護。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,16.A.shame B.burden C.victory D.favor,解析聯(lián)系空后的“even if we lost the game(即使我們輸了比賽)”，空格處指“與強隊對決本身就是一個勝利(victory)”。shame羞愧；burden負擔；favor恩惠，偏愛，支持。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,17.A.chances B.thrills C.concerns D.offers,解析聯(lián)系空前的“My boys beat the best team(我的隊員打敗了最好的球隊)”可知，這是“我”生命中最令人激動的事(thrill)之一。chance機會；concern關心，擔心，憂慮；offer主動提議。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,18.A.surprise B.serve C.interest D.affect,解析聯(lián)系上文“我的隊員踢得很好，打敗了最好的球隊”知，“我”的態(tài)度的改變影響(affect)了隊員。surprise使吃驚；serve服務，提供，端上；interest使感興趣。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,19.A.encouraged B.observed C.protected D.impressed,解析聯(lián)系空前的“pushed(催促)”可知，空格處是指“鼓勵(encourage)他們”。observe觀察；protect保護；impress使印象深刻。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,20.A.honestly B.individually C.calmly D.differently,解析聯(lián)系上句中的“Instead of seeing my boys as losers”可知，此處是指“我?guī)退麄冇貌煌姆绞?differently)看待自己”。honestly老實地，誠實地；individually分別地；calmly平靜地。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,名師點津,一、題型解讀 夾敘夾議類的完形填空一般有以下三種結(jié)構(gòu)特點： 1.事例觀點：先敘述一件事情，然后針對這件事情發(fā)表自己的看法或揭示生活的真理。 2.觀點事例：先提出一種觀點或看法，然后圍繞這一觀點或看法用具體的事例來說明。 一般是一個事例，有時也會用幾個事例從不同的側(cè)面加以說明。 3.觀點事例觀點：首先提出一種觀點或看法，然后用事例說明，最后再進一步闡述或總結(jié)自己的觀點。,二、解題技巧 1.分析結(jié)構(gòu)，抓住作者觀點。 在做題時大家要借助文章結(jié)構(gòu)，認真體會記敘和議論的關系，抓住作者的觀點，明確文章的組織方式。 看文章屬于上述哪種結(jié)構(gòu)，從而明白作者的思路。 2.重視首句，把握文章主題。 首句往往是文章的關鍵句、引題句或主題句。 通過首句可以初步判斷文章的寫作中心，為全面理解文章打開一扇“窗戶”。,3.敘議兼顧，理解議論內(nèi)涵。 夾敘夾議中敘與議是一個有機的整體，敘是議的基礎，而議是敘的升華。 在讀這類文章時，掌握議論部分的內(nèi)容是關鍵，因為敘述是為作者的議論而服務的。 所以只有把故事和哲理聯(lián)系起來，再結(jié)合人物心理和行為的描述，全面把握文章才能正確解題。 4.抓住轉(zhuǎn)換，理清邏輯關系。 抓住記敘與議論的轉(zhuǎn)換，及時調(diào)整思維方式，理清上下文之間的邏輯關系，在充分把握語境的基礎上，辨析詞語，進一步把握作者的觀點、態(tài)度，找到正確答案。,隨堂限時練,(2018和平區(qū)三模) Whenever we hear about “the homeless”，most of us think of the developing world.But the 1 is that homelessness is everywhere. For example，how many of us would expect to see people living on the streets of a 2 country like Germany? Kurt Muller and his wife Rita have spent eleven years making 3 for the homeless of Berlin，Germanys capital.They first 4 in one long hot summer when most Germans were 5 on holiday.Kurt and his wife stayed at home，made sandwiches， 6 .,The Mullers soon realized that food and clothing werent 7 . “What these people also need is warmth and 8 ，” says Rita.The Mullers didnt 9 to give their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime.Rita 10 there was somebody at home to answer the phone and their home was always 11 to anyone who couldnt face another night on the street. The couple were soon 12 all their time and money，so Kurt visited food and clothing panies to 13 donations.Today，over thirty panies 14 donate food and other goods to the cause and volunteers help to 15 them to the homeless.The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer 16 new shoes.,Kurt and Rita receive no 17 for their hard work.“We feel like parents，” says Rita，“and parents shouldnt 18 money for helping their children.The love we get on the streets is our salary.” Though Rita admits she often gets 19 ，she says she will continue with her work because she likes the feeling of having made a 20 in the world.,1.A.result B.truth C.reason D.idea,解析result結(jié)果；truth事實，真理；reason理由；idea主意。每當我們聽到無家可歸這個詞，我們大多數(shù)人就會想到發(fā)展中國家。但事實是無家可歸的人到處都有。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,2.A.traditional B.developing C.typical D.wealthy,解析traditional傳統(tǒng)的；developing發(fā)展中的；typical典型的；wealthy富裕的。我們有多少人能預料到在一個像德國這么富有的國家也有人住在大街上。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,3.A.preparations B.houses C.meals D.suggestions,解析preparation籌備；house房子；meal餐，飯；suggestion建議。根據(jù)后文的“Kurt and his wife stayed at home，made sandwiches”可知，他們是為德國首都柏林的無家可歸者做飯已經(jīng)十一年了。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,4.A.began B.met C.called D.left,解析begin開始；meet遇到；call打電話，叫；leave離開。他們是從一個漫長而炎熱的夏天開始的，而此時大多數(shù)德國人都外出度假了。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,5.A.asleep B.alone C.across D.away,解析解析參見上題。asleep睡著的；alone單獨的；across穿過；away離開，遠去。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,6.A.brought up B.set up C.put aside D.gave away,解析bring up提起，養(yǎng)育；set up搭建，建立；put aside放一邊；give away無償贈送。庫爾特和他的妻子待在家里做三明治，提供給無家可歸者。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,7.A.enough B.necessary C.helpful D.expensive,解析enough足夠的；necessary有必要的；helpful有幫助的；expensive貴的。由后句中的“What these people also need.(人們還需要的是)”可知，此處應該表達的是“穆勒夫婦意識到只有食物和衣服并不夠”。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,8.A.fame B.freedom C.courage D.caring,解析fame名望，名聲；freedom自由；courage勇氣；caring關心，關懷。他們還需要溫暖和關懷。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,9.A.hesitate B.agree C.pretend D.intend,解析hesitate猶豫；agree同意；pretend假裝；intend打算，想要。穆勒夫婦毫不猶豫地把電話號碼給了那些無家可歸的人，并告訴他們隨時給他們打電話。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,10.A.made sense B.found out C.made sure D.worked out,解析make sense有道理；find out發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明；make sure確保；work out算出，制定。前面說到穆勒夫婦把電話號碼給無家可歸的人，因此此處應是：麗塔確保家里有人隨時接電話。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,11.A.open B.crowded C.noisy D.near,解析open開放的；crowded擁擠的；noisy嘈雜的，吵鬧的；near近的，接近的。她們家對任何一個在街上不想面對又一晚流落街頭的人是敞開的。be open to意為“對是敞開的；對開放”。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12.A.costing B.wasting C.taking D.spending,解析穆勒夫婦馬上就要花完他們的時間和金錢了。此處用動詞的過去進行時表示過去將要發(fā)生的動作。選項中，waste浪費，不符合句意；cost花費，常用句式是：It/Sth. cost(s).；take花費，但其主語一般是sth. 或形式主語it，常用句式是：It takes sb. some time to do sth. ；spend花費，主語是人，常用句式是：Sb. spends some time/money on sth. /(in) doing sth. 。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,13.A.pay for B.ask for C.look into D.carry out,解析pay for付出；ask for要求，請求；look into調(diào)查；carry out執(zhí)行。因為穆勒夫婦馬上就要花完他們的時間和金錢了，所以庫爾特去了幾家食品廠和服裝廠請求捐贈。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,14.Apletely B.calmly C.regularly D.roughly,解析pletely完全地，完整地；calmly鎮(zhèn)定地，平靜地；regularly經(jīng)常性地，定期地；roughly大約，粗暴地。現(xiàn)在，三十多家公司定期地為他們的事業(yè)捐贈食品和其他物品。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,15.A.advertise B.sell C.deliver D.lend,解析advertise做廣告；sell賣出；deliver遞送，傳送；lend借給。志愿者們幫助向無家可歸者分發(fā)這些食品和其他物品。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,16.A.donates B.produces C.designs D.collects,解析donate捐贈；produce生產(chǎn)；design設計；collect收集。公眾也捐獻衣服和錢，而且一家制鞋商還捐贈新鞋。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,17.A.permission B.payment C.direction D.support,解析permission許可；payment報酬，付款；direction方向；support支持。穆勒夫婦沒有因為他們的艱難工作而得到報酬。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,18.A.borrow B.raise C.save D.expect,解析borrow借；raise提高；save挽救，保存，節(jié)?。籩xpect期望。我們感覺就像父母一樣，父母是不應該因為幫助自己的孩子而期望得到錢的。其他動詞都不符合句意。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,19.A.surprised B.excited C.tired D.amused,解析surprised驚訝的；excited興奮的；tired累的；amused愉快的。盡管麗塔承認常常會感到累，但她說她會繼續(xù)這項工作。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,20.A.profit B.difference C.decision D.rule,解析句意為：她會繼續(xù)工作下去，因為她喜歡能夠在世界上發(fā)揮一定作用的感覺。make a difference有影響，有作用。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,