專(zhuān)題四閱讀表達(dá),題型分析,策略指導(dǎo),內(nèi)容索引,隨堂限時(shí)練,真題診斷,題型分析,閱讀表達(dá)的題材和體裁與傳統(tǒng)的閱讀短文沒(méi)有太大的區(qū)別，長(zhǎng)度也大致相同或者比傳統(tǒng)的閱讀短文略短，文章的結(jié)構(gòu)層次性更強(qiáng)。 問(wèn)題類(lèi)型多樣。總的來(lái)講，大約有6種問(wèn)題類(lèi)型，即5X： 1.主旨概括題：它要求概括出文章的某一段、或整篇文章的大意、標(biāo)題或作者的寫(xiě)作意圖等。 出題方式主要有： (1)What is the main idea of the article/Paragraph 1? (2)What would be the best title of the passage? (3)What is the purpose of writing the text/passage? (4)What does the passage mainly talk about/discuss? (5)For what purpose does the author mention.in Paragraph 1?,2.同義句替換題：它要求根據(jù)所給出的英文句子，尋找短文中意思相同的句子。 出題方式主要有： (1)Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? (2)Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one? (3)Please find out the sentence which can be replaced by the following one.,3.完成句子題：它要求利用上下文，將短文中的空白處用合適的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子補(bǔ)充完整，使短文通暢。 出題方式主要有： (1)Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words. (2)Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words. 4.句子翻譯題：它要求將短文中劃線的句子翻譯成通順的漢語(yǔ)。 出題方式主要有： Translate the underlined sentence in the.paragraph/passage into Chinese.,5.封閉型問(wèn)題：結(jié)合文中具體依據(jù)進(jìn)行回答。 出題方式主要有： (1)What advice is given in the third paragraph? (no more than 10 words) (2)According to Paragraph 2，how does the author settle the problem? (no more than 20 words) (3)What are the reasons for the problem according to the passage? (no more than 10 words),6.開(kāi)放型問(wèn)題：結(jié)合個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度進(jìn)行表述。 出題方式主要有： (1)What would you do if you were.? (2)How would you solve the problem if you were.? (3)What other suggestions would you give to solve the problem mentioned?,策略指導(dǎo),1.主旨概括題 這類(lèi)問(wèn)題要求我們理解全文后對(duì)文章標(biāo)題或大意進(jìn)行概括。我們要做到： (1)在概括標(biāo)題時(shí)，要做到精辟、簡(jiǎn)潔，注意書(shū)寫(xiě)格式和詞數(shù)限制。標(biāo)題可以概括成短語(yǔ)，有時(shí)也可是一個(gè)短句。書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)有三種形式：標(biāo)題的開(kāi)頭字母大寫(xiě)，其他所有字母都小寫(xiě)；標(biāo)題第一個(gè)單詞和實(shí)詞的首字母要大寫(xiě)；全部字母都大寫(xiě)。可任選其一。 (2)在概括文章大意時(shí)，我們要從整體上把握作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度，捕捉與題目相關(guān)的信息。抓住文章的首尾段和各段的首尾句是做好該題的關(guān)鍵。,2.同義句替換題 做此類(lèi)題目時(shí)一定要分析所給句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、含義、實(shí)際用意，在文章中找句子時(shí)一定要通讀上下文，切不可斷章取義。找到的同義句必須準(zhǔn)確、全面，不能增加或減少內(nèi)容。在抄寫(xiě)過(guò)程中一定不能出現(xiàn)漏掉單詞、字母、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)等現(xiàn)象。,3.完成句子題 語(yǔ)境和上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系是回答該類(lèi)問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵。語(yǔ)句間的邏輯性是我們解決這類(lèi)問(wèn)題的著眼點(diǎn)，要找出語(yǔ)句間的一些遞進(jìn)、并列、對(duì)比、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果等的關(guān)系，在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上把握上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，要充分考慮整句話的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境，特別注意上下、前后句子的弦外之意，確定需要填寫(xiě)的是短語(yǔ)還是完整句子，并注意書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)的問(wèn)題，如大小寫(xiě)等。該類(lèi)問(wèn)題的詞數(shù)要求會(huì)比較少，所以語(yǔ)言一定要簡(jiǎn)練；做完題目后一定要用“代入法”進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證，看是否符合文章邏輯和作者的意圖。,4.句子翻譯題 做此類(lèi)題目要分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，遵循忠實(shí)通順的原則，表達(dá)完整；注意英漢語(yǔ)序的差異，譯文要符合漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣；關(guān)鍵詞務(wù)必要翻譯出來(lái)，語(yǔ)言要簡(jiǎn)練。 5.封閉型問(wèn)題 面對(duì)該類(lèi)問(wèn)題，我們可以結(jié)合文中的具體依據(jù)進(jìn)行回答，答案是固定的、唯一的。 6.開(kāi)放型問(wèn)題 面對(duì)該類(lèi)問(wèn)題，我們可以依據(jù)自己的看法結(jié)合對(duì)原文的理解作出回答，注意揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)避短，避難就易。,真題診斷,1 (2018天津) Some people live to climb the highest mountains.Some people live only dreaming about it while others live to avoid ever climbing at all.But one thing is certain，all people encounter mountains in their life. When I was a little girl，my family moved to a tiny town at the bottom of a big mountain.One day after school，while exploring the green woods of this magnificent mountain，I almost fell on a set of stairs.What could these steps lead to？Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be starting to get dark soon.I started climbing up those strangely mysterious steps.,I climbed and climbed.There was nothing but just green bushes and these steps.I had to reach the top! But it was now getting real dark. If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back.My mum would be worried sick if I didnt e home soon.So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared. Anxiously I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain.Could there be a castle up there？Maybe I would find a monster(怪物).Maybe I was taking the risk of never ing back home.Or，maybe all I would find was absolutely nothing! But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost.I could hardly wait to try this adventure again.,Now we live in a world surrounded by the “cant do” attitudes. We all fall down. We all have doubts and regrets.Still we must climb and dream about whats at the top of our mountain.Monsters may appear or the night will fall.But never ever give up on your dream! Never let anyone tell you，“You cant.” Dream big and climb high!,56.What made the author start to climb up the stairs to the mountain top？(no more than 5 words) _,答案,56,57,58,59,60,Curiosity made her do so./The desire to explore.,57.Why did the author hurry back home without reaching the top of the mountain？Give two reasons.(no more than 15 words) _,答案,Because it was getting dark，and she didnt want her mother to worry about her./Because she was scared，and might not be able to find her/the way back home.,56,57,58,59,60,58.How would you describe the author in terms of personalities according to Paragraph 4？(no more than 10 words) _,答案,She had rich imagination and she was brave./She was a brave and determined girl with rich imagination./She was imaginative and determined，and she dared to explore./She was imaginative，adventurous and determined.,56,57,58,59,60,59.How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph？(no more than 5 words) _,答案,We all sometimes fail./We face failure/defeat/hardships/challenges in life./There are difficulties/barriers/obstacles in life./We run into trouble sometimes./We have trouble in life.,56,57,58,59,60,60.Whats your attitude towards the “mountain” in your life？Please explain.(no more than 20 words) _,答案,I will try to reach my goal because I want to live an exciting life./I will try to reach/get to the top of the “mountain” because I want to be successful in life.,56,57,58,59,60,2 (2017天津) In the years of my growing up，Dad was strict with me.He made sure I made my bed and did my homework.He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party.I got so angry with him for laying down the law.I would scream，“I hate you！”Dad would yell back，“Good！I dont care！” Deep down I knew he did. One time at a party，I drank too much alcohol and got so sick.I said，“Call my dad.”Next thing，Dad was carrying me to the car.I woke up the next morning，thinking I would definitely be criticised.As expected，I got a roasting，but I now understand why I needed discipline.,Dad was 29 when he got his big roles in films.I had an early start at the age of nine with a role in a 1990s TV series，but it wasnt until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress.Like those early days for Dad，I faced lots of rejections.Working in such a petitive industry，Ive sometimes thought，“I cant do this any more.” Once，after a trip to Hollywood，I returned to Australia so depressed and spent months in my bedroom painting，listening to Eckhart Tolles music and trying to find myself again.Dad sat me down and said，“Alice，I know its hard，but its all about persistence(堅(jiān)持不懈).”,Now I get to work with Dad a lot，which I love.We are both passionate about acting，which es from us being so interested in people.If it werent for Dad，I wouldnt be where I am today. Hes my biggest fan，and when you have that in your life you can go a long way.,56.What rules did Alices father set for her when she was growing up？(no more than 15 words) _,56,57,58,59,60,答案,She should make her bed，do her homework and drink no alcohol./ Making her bed，doing her homework and drinking no alcohol.,57.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean？(no more than 5 words) _,答案,I got/was criticised/scolded.,56,57,58,59,60,58.What did Alices father do when she felt depressed？(no more than 5 words) _,答案,He encouraged/forted/inspired her.,56,57,58,59,60,59.According to the last paragraph，what do Alice and her father have in mon？(no more than 10 words) _,答案,They are both passionate about acting and interested in people.,56,57,58,59,60,60.What do you think of Alices father？Please explain.(no more than 20 words) _,答案,He is a good/devoted/caring/loving father because he was strict with his daughter and encouraged her when she was in trouble.或He is always supportive/a source of strength.Whenever she is in trouble，he is there for her.,56,57,58,59,60,3 (2016天津) Im a 34-year-old man，married，live in a nice house，and have a successful career as an educational consultant.But my life was not always so great.I had a learning disability from an early age.I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help.Still，I suffered the rest of my school days in public schools. My life improved remarkably when I discovered art.The art world gave me a chance to express myself without words.I went to a workshop and gradually got good at making things with clay(黏土).Here I learned my first important lesson：disabled as I was in language，I could still be smart and well express myself with clay.And my confidence came along.,I got my next lesson from rock climbing.It was a fun thing but I was scared from the start.I soon noticed it wasnt a talent thing; it was practice.So I did it more.After about five years of climbing，I found myself in Yosemite Valley on a big wall.I learned that if you fall in love with something and do it all the time，you will get better at it. Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write.Every day I practiced reading and writing，which I used to avoid as much as possible.After two hard years，I was literate. Having gone through the long process with art，rock climbing，and reading and writing，now Ive got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown，hard，but interesting.,56.What made the authors school days difficult？(no more than 5 words) _,56,57,58,59,60,答案,His learning disability./Or：Having a learning disability./Or：That he was learning disabled./Or：That he had a learning disability.,57.Why did art give the author confidence? (no more than 10 words) _,答案,Because he could be smart and express himself with clay./Or：Because art could help him express himself without words./Or：Because he could well express himself with clay/art.,56,57,58,59,60,58.What lesson did the author learn from rock climbing? (no more than 15 words) _,答案,If you enjoy something and keep doing it，you will get better at it./Or：The more you practice something，the better at it you will bee./Or：Practice makes perfect./Or：Practice leads to success.,56,57,58,59,60,59.What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 4? (no more than 5 words) _,答案,I could read and write.,56,57,58,59,60,60.How does the authors story inspire you to overe difficulties in life? Put it in your own words.(no more than 20 words) _,答案,We should not lose heart in face of difficulties.If we work hard，we will find a way out./Or：The authors story tells me that I should be confident and practice hard to overe difficulties in my life./Or：We should overe our weakness and fears with courage and determination.,56,57,58,59,60,隨堂限時(shí)練,1 (2018天津部分區(qū)縣二模) Marga Allen might be around 93 years old.However，she wouldnt put her feet up.Every week，she leads a 90-minute fitness class in her munity for her ladies，and the youngest of them is 60.The class is a mixture of Scottish dancing，line-dancing and routine.“I want to make it fun for them，” says Marga，“Ive been teaching classes since 1965.” At that time,8 ladies attended her class，but now there are as many as 18.,And when Marga isnt out，she is a writer of poetry.She has written six books and is now going on the seventh.“I write in the evenings，about anything and everything，” says Marga.In writing about her life，Marga isnt short of materials.Born in the 1920s，Marga was a gifted pianist from a young age and even won a scholarship to the Royal College at the age of 14.Marga stopped work as a railway worker when she had the first child.Then she was a volunteer of the Red Cross for more than 40 years.,She now has four grandchildren and four great-grandchildren；the youngest of them is just six-month old.In spite of her astonishing activity level for her age，Marga says that loneliness is the concern of society and that all the things she does still dont fill up her time. Whenever she gets lonely or down，she picks up the phone and chats with friends，which makes her in high spirits.“I miss people most of all.But a lot of people are lonely，and Id love to help them all.”,解析根據(jù)第一段中的“I want to make it fun for them”可知，她開(kāi)辦這個(gè)課程是想讓她的朋友們生活得有趣。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,1.Why does Marga Allen give a fitness class in her munity each week？(no more than 10 words) _,She intends to make her ladies life interesting.,1,2,3,4,5,解析由題干中的“materials when writing about her life”可定位至第二段第四句，而其后的內(nèi)容則講述了不缺少素材的原因，即她有豐富的人生經(jīng)歷。從她的人生經(jīng)歷來(lái)看，她經(jīng)歷過(guò)很多的事情，做過(guò)多種工作，所以她不缺素材。,答案,解析,2.Why doesnt Marga Allen lack materials when writing about her life？(no more than 12 words) _,She has experienced a lot，doing various things in her life.,1,2,3,4,5,解析前文說(shuō)她九十三歲了，however“然而”表轉(zhuǎn)折；后文說(shuō)她每個(gè)星期還要上健身課?？梢圆聹y(cè)這句話的意思是她閑不住。,答案,解析,3.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean？(no more than 10 words) _,She doesnt want to have a rest/break.,1,2,3,4,5,解析根據(jù)最后一段第一句可知，當(dāng)她感到孤獨(dú)或沮喪時(shí)，她就拿起電話和朋友聊天。,答案,解析,4.What does Marga Allen usually do when she feels depressed？(no more than 5 words) _,She municates with her friends.,1,2,3,4,5,解析本題可根據(jù)提問(wèn)和自己對(duì)文章的理解表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，然后闡明理由，言之有理即可。,答案,解析,5.What do you think of Marga Allen? And why? (no more than 25 words) _,Shes old but active and kind.Because though 93-year-old，she does a lot to fill up her time and cheer up others.,2 She had to pack up her bedroom in Virgina Beach，where she lived with her mother，two sisters and brother.She had to say goodbye to her two dogs，who used to sleep in her bed，and to the beach，where she loved to ride waves on her boogie board. But it was time to take the leap，however，heartbreaking and awkward it would be.Even at 14，Douglas knew that.,So off she went about 1,200 miles to West Des Moines，Lowa，to train with a coach from China and live with a white family she had never been met.When she arrived，Douglas thought that she must be the only black person in the state.When she woke up，she always said，“This isnt my bed set.Where am I？” Liang Chow，who had coached the Olympic gold medalist Shawn Johnson，transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world，helping her skyrocket from an average member of the national team to the top of the sport.And a couple with four young daughters became her second family，nurturing her in Iown while her real family supported her from afar.,That move also was important in Douglass making history.By winning the Olympic all-round title，she became the first black woman to do so.She also became the fourth American woman to win the all-round，following Mary Lou Retton in 1984，Carly Patternson in 2004 and Nastia Liukin in 2008. Douglas won，scoring 62.232 points，and led the petition from beginning to end.Viktoria Komova，who sobbed into her coachs chest when she learned she had lost，won the silver，with 61.973 points.Aliya Mustafina，the 2010 world all-round champion，won the bronze with 59.566 points.The other American in the petition，Aly Raisman finished fourth after losing a tiebreaker(決勝局) to Mustafina.,Douglas said she had felt confident all along that she would win.“It was just an amazing feeling，” she said，giggling(咯咯笑). “I was just like，believe，dont fear，believe.” After sacrificing(犧牲) so much，she had no other choice but to push forward，she said.,6,7,8,9,10,解析根據(jù)第三段第一句“So off she went about 1,200 miles to West Des Moines，Lowa，to train with a coach from China and live with a white family she had never been met.”可知，道格拉斯在十四歲時(shí)離開(kāi)家是因?yàn)樗枰邮艹蔀橐幻w操運(yùn)動(dòng)員的訓(xùn)練。,答案,解析,6.Why did Douglas leave her home at 14？(no more than 10 words) _,Because she needed training to be a gymnast.,6,7,8,9,10,解析根據(jù)第三段中的“When she woke up，she always said，This isnt my bed set.Where am I？”可知，當(dāng)?shù)栏窭沟谝淮蝸?lái)到新家時(shí)她感到很不安。,答案,解析,7.How did she feel when Douglas first arrived at the new home？(no more than 5 words) _,She felt uneasy.,6,7,8,9,10,解析根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞所在句可知，Liang Chow幫助道格拉斯成為一個(gè)世界上最優(yōu)秀的選手，幫助她扶搖而上。,答案,解析,8.What does the underlined word “skyrocket” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean？(no more than 3 words) _,Soar./Rise rapidly./Increase suddenly/greatly.,6,7,8,9,10,解析根據(jù)第五段第二句“By winning the Olympic all-round title，she became the first black woman to do so.”可知，道格拉斯是第一個(gè)贏得奧運(yùn)會(huì)全能冠軍的黑人女性。,答案,解析,9.According to Para.5，what achievement did Douglas make？(no more than 15 words) _,She is the first black woman to win the Olympic all-round title.,6,7,8,9,10,解析開(kāi)放性問(wèn)題，結(jié)出自己的理解，言之有理即可。,答案,解析,10.What do you think of Douglas from the story？Give your reasons. (no more than 20 words) _,She is strong-minded.After she won the game，she said “I was just like，believe，dont fear，believe.”,